Nurse-Ophthalmology (CRNO) CE
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Nurse-Ophthalmology (CRNO) Articles (150)
Featured Activities
Nurse-Ophthalmology (CRNO) Activities
| Title | Description | Hours | Questions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abducens Nerve Palsy | The abducens nerve, also known as cranial nerve VI, is responsible for ipsilateral eye abduction. Visualizing the anatomy of the nerve allows for bett ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Acetazolamide | Acetazolamide is a diuretic and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor medication that is used to treat several illnesses. FDA-approved indications include glau ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma | Acute angle-closure glaucoma is an ocular emergency that results from a rapid increase in intraocular pressure due to outflow obstruction of aqueous h ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Adie Syndrome | Adie syndrome, also known as the Holmes-Adie syndrome, is a neurological disorder of unknown etiology comprising unilateral or bilateral tonically dil ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Adverse Effects Of Radiation Therapy | Radiotherapy causes DNA break and subsequent cell death. This affects the cancer cells more severely than the normal cells. However, with the growing ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Allergic Conjunctivitis | Allergic conjunctivitis is encountered in up to 40 percent of the population, but only a small proportion of affected individuals seek medical help. I ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Amaurosis Fugax | The term amaurosis fugax is often used interchangeably to describe transient visual loss (TVL). However, it is employed widely in medicine to refer to ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Amsler Grid | Wet age-related macular degeneration is a leading cause of severe vision loss in the elderly population, both in the United States and worldwide. Earl ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Anisocoria | Anisocoria is a condition characterized by unequal pupil size. The etiology of anisocoria is complex, ranging from benign to potentially life-threaten ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Anticholinergic Medications | Anticholinergic medications are used in the management and treatment of a wide range of diseases. This activity illustrates the indications, action, ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Arcus Senilis | Corneal arcus are white or gray incomplete rings that form around the cornea. They are usually clinically insignificant but may be associated with an ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Argyll Robertson Pupil | Argyll Robertson pupil describes the physical exam finding of bilaterally small pupils that do not constrict when exposed to bright light but do const ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Atropine | Atropine or atropine sulfate carries FDA indications for anti-sialagogue/anti-vagal effect, organophosphate/muscarinic poisoning, and bradycardia. Atr ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Bacterial Conjunctivitis | Conjunctivitis, also informally known as "pink eye," makes up the majority of ophthalmologic disorders seen at primary care clinics. Patients present ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Bell Palsy | Bell palsy is the most common peripheral paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve with an onset that is rapid and unilateral. This is an idiopathic cond ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 16 | Activity Info |
| Beta Blockers | Beta-blockers, as a class of drugs, are primarily used to treat cardiovascular diseases and other conditions. Beta-blockers are indicated and have FDA ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Blepharoconjunctivitis | Blepharoconjunctivitis is an ocular condition involving the inflammation of the eyelid and conjunctiva. It is a common chronic condition that can lead ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Blepharoplasty Ptosis Surgery | Blepharoplasty is the general term for correcting defects, deformities, and disfigurations of the eyelids either for functional reasons, cosmetic reas ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Blindness | The term blindness is a general term that can include those with low vision and legal blindness. Low vision is a term used to describe those whose vis ... Read the Article | 1 | 2 | Activity Info |
| Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are a medication used in the management and treatment of glaucoma, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, altitude sickne ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Cataract | A cataract is a disease of the eye in which the normally clear lens has opacified which obscures the passage of light. It is a gradually progressive d ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Cataract Surgery | Cataracts are the world’s leading cause of remediable blindness. While some cataracts, may be congenital, secondary to trauma, or drug-induced, most c ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Central Retinal Artery Occlusion | Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is the sudden blockage of the central retinal artery, resulting in retinal hypoperfusion, rapidly progressive ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Central Retinal Vein Occlusion | Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disease and is a common loss of vision in older patients. There are two types ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Central Vertigo | Central vertigo is a clinical condition in which an individual experiences the sensation of motion despite remaining still. It results from a dysfunct ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Chemical Burns | Healthcare professionals should be knowledgeable about chemical burns from exposure to acids (pH less than 7), alkalis (pH greater than 7), and irrita ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Cholinergic Medications | Cholinergic medications are a category of pharmaceutical agents that act upon the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, the primary neurotransmitter within ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Chronic Closed Angle Glaucoma | Chronic closed-angle glaucoma, also called chronic angle-closure glaucoma, is a condition that can be a cause of permanent vision loss if not diagnose ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Collagen Cross Linking For Keratoconus | Keratoconus (KC) is one of the most prevalent corneal ectatic disorders characterized by progressive, non-inflammatory changes in stromal collagen str ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Conjunctival Concretions | A conjunctival concretion is a benign entity characterized by single or multiple discrete yellowish-white deposits of varying size. They may be idiopa ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Conjunctivitis | Conjunctivitis refers to the inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva. It is the most common presentation of eye redness in both primary care and ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Convergence Insufficiency | Convergence insufficiency is a binocular vision disorder that results in symptoms such as eyestrain, headaches, and diplopia when looking at a near ta ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Cornea Foreign Body Removal | A corneal foreign body can be the cause of agonizing eye pain and loss of vision. This activity reviews the safe removal of a corneal foreign body and ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Corneal Abrasion | A corneal abrasion (also called scratched eye or scratched cornea) is an eye injury that causes significant discomfort, photophobia, and erythema. Thi ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Corneal Dystrophy | Corneal dystrophies are a collection of genetic diseases that affect corneal transparency and refraction due to increased deposition of abnormal mater ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Corneal Foreign Body | Corneal foreign bodies account for the second most common form of ocular trauma, with corneal abrasions being number one. In general, major morbidity ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Corneal Injury | Approximately 3 percent of all visits to the emergency department are due to eye trauma, with the vast majority of these presentations involving corne ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Corneal Ulcer | A corneal ulcer is a defect in the surface epithelium of the cornea that involves the underlying stroma. It is common in contact lens wearers and pres ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Crigler Technique For Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction | Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction leading to epiphora is a common condition that may be seen in up to 20% of infants. The management ranges fro ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Dacryostenosis | Dacryostenosis is an acquired or congenital condition that can cause epiphora but can progress to dacryocystitis in children and in adults. This activ ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Diabetes Mellitus | Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease of inadequate control of blood levels of glucose. It has many subclassifications, including type 1, type 2, maturi ... Read the Article | 2 | 26 | Activity Info |
| Diabetic Macular Edema | The retina is a thin layer of tissue in the posterior segment of the eye near the optic nerve. It contains a layer of photoreceptor cells, and receive ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Diabetic Retinopathy | Diabetic Retinopathy is the leading cause of visual loss in adults of working age group in the western population. It is the most common microvascular ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Diplopia | Diplopia refers to seeing two images and is due either to ocular misalignment, in which case it disappears when either eye is occluded or to an optica ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Diseases of the Eyelashes | Eyelashes are important anatomical structures that protect the eye by stopping the particulate matter from getting to the eye and also by diverting wa ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Diving Mask Squeeze | Mask squeeze is a common injury among divers and occurs when a diver fails to equalize the air space in their mask during descent, resulting in damage ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Dry Eye Syndrome | Dry eyes affect a significant number of people but treatment remains unsatisfactory. The cause of this condition may be anatomical or systemic. It is ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Ectropion | Ectropion is an outward turning of the eyelid margin. This typically occurs on the lower eyelids. When the globe is not protected properly, the eye ca ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Entropion | Entropion is an inversion or inward turning of the eyelid margin. This can result in trichiasis, where the eyelashes are directed posteriorly toward t ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Epinastine | Epinastine is a medication used in the treatment and management of allergic conjunctivitis. This activity reviews the indications, contraindications, ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Epinephrine | Epinephrine is one of the most commonly used agents in various settings as it functions as medication and hormone. It is currently FDA-approved for va ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 17 | Activity Info |
| Epiphora | Epiphora is a common presentation to the general ophthalmologist. Causes of epiphora may be caused by secretory problems or problems with the excretor ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Episcleritis | Episcleritis is an acute unilateral or bilateral inflammation of the episclera, the thin layer of tissue between the conjunctiva and sclera. The episc ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Erythromycin | Erythromycin has traditionally been used for various respiratory infections (i.e., community-acquired pneumonia, Legionnaires disease), prophylaxis of ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Evaluation Of Visual Acuity | Visual acuity is an often overlooked aspect of an emergency or outpatient department visit but can be vital to making a diagnosis. In reality, there a ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Exophthalmos | Exophthalmos is the protrusion of one or both eyes anteriorly out of the orbit due to an increase in orbital contents within the rigid bony orbit. It ... Read the Article | 1 | 3 | Activity Info |
| Eyelid Papilloma | The term papilloma refers to a group of various benign epithelial proliferations that can affect the eyelid skin. These lesions are not necessarily as ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Fluorescein | Fluorescein is a diagnostic contrast agent particularly used in various ophthalmic procedures, such as checking for any corneal or vessel abnormalitie ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Fungal Keratitis | Fungal keratitis is an important eye infection, especially in outdoor workers. In most cases, eye trauma, corticosteroid use, or contact lens usage ar ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Glaucoma | Glaucoma is a condition of increased intraocular pressure in the eye that may progress to a loss of vision. This results in a characteristic optic ner ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 14 | Activity Info |
| Gonococcal Conjunctivitis | Gonococcal conjunctivitis (GC), also known as gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum when it occurs in neonates, is an infection that is transmitted by cont ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Graves Disease | Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is a disorder with systemic manifestations that primarily affect heart, skeletal muscl ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Hand Hygiene | Handwashing practices in the patient care setting began in the early 19th century. The practice evolved over the years with evidential proof of its va ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Hemianopsia | Hemianopsia (hemianopia) is a clinical term used to describe the loss of one half of a vertical visual field. A careful history and physical examinati ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Hemolacria | Hemolacria or bloody epiphora is the presence of blood in tears. Multiple disorders can cause hemolacria. This activity reviews the evaluation and man ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Herpes Simplex Keratitis | Herpes simplex virus can cause infection in the eye. Recurrent infection of the cornea due to this virus causes herpes simplex keratitis. It can easil ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus | Herpes zoster ophthalmicus occurs due to the reactivation of the latent varicella-zoster virus. It is a variation of herpes zoster that can cause a va ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Homonymous Superior Quadrantanopia | The visual field test maps the vision in each individual eye by measuring the entire scope of vision when vision is focused on a central point. A visu ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Hordeolum | A hordeolum is an acute, common bacterial infection of the eyelid. Patients with this condition often present to their primary care provider with pain ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Horner Syndrome | Horner syndrome is a rare condition classically presenting with partial ptosis (drooping or falling of the upper eyelid), miosis (constricted pupil), ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Hyperopia | Hyperopia is a very common refractive condition of childhood and adults. Proper assessment and treatment can prevent multiple complications in the fut ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Hypertelorism | Orbital hypertelorism is defined as an increased distance between the orbits, with true lateral displacement of the orbits. Hypertelorism is associate ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Hypertensive Retinopathy | Poorly controlled hypertension (HTN) affects several systems such as the cardiovascular, renal, cerebrovascular, and retina. The damage to these syste ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Hyphema | Hyphema is the accumulation of red blood cells (RBCs) in the anterior chamber of the eye. By definition, blood must be grossly visible, either on dire ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia | Internuclear ophthalmoplegia is an ocular movement disorder caused by a lesion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. It is characterized by impaired ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Intracranial Hypertension | Intracranial hypertension is a spectrum of neurological disorders where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure within the skull is elevated. Normal CSF pr ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Kayser-Fleischer Ring | Kayser–Fleischer (KF) rings are a common ophthalmologic finding in patients with Wilson disease. Initially thought to be due to the accumulation of si ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Latanoprost | Latanoprost is an eye drop formulation for the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle gla ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Leukocoria | Leukocoria means ‘white pupil’ or ‘cat’s eye pupil’. Leukocoria is an abnormal pupillary reflex more clearly seen on mydriasis or photography. It is o ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Lidocaine | Lidocaine is a local anesthetic agent that is commonly used for local and topic anesthesia, but which also has antiarrhythmic and analgesic uses and c ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Macular Degeneration | Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the most common cause of blindness prevalent in developed countries, particularly in people older than 60 y ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Marcus Gunn Pupil | Marcus Gunn pupil is indicative of a defect in the afferent pathway of the light reflex. To avoid the high morbidity associated with this condition, i ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Medication Dispensing Errors And Prevention | Close to 6,800 prescription medications and countless over-the-counter drugs are available in the United States. To further complicate a practitioner' ... Read the Article | 2.25 | 33 | Activity Info |
| Methylprednisolone | Methylprednisolone is an FDA-approved medication for the management and treatment of allergic conditions, arthritis, asthma exacerbations, long-term a ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Mucormycosis | Mucormycosis results from a variety of fungi that may be typically innocuous environmental fungi and primarily affects immunocompromised patients. Fo ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Multifocal Electroretinogram | The multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) is a more recent advancement in electroretinographic testing, which enables a rapid assessment of retinal fun ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Nasal Fracture Reduction | Nasal bony fractures are the most common type of facial bone fractures, representing 40 to 50 percent of cases. Nasal fractures are commonly associate ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction | Nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) or dacryostenosis is the most common disorder of the lacrimal system, and approximately 6 to 20 percent of newbor ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Neonatal Conjunctivitis | Neonatal eye discharge is usually due to congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction or either chemical or infectious conjunctivitis. Neonatal conjunctiv ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Ocular Burns | Ocular burns are true medical emergencies that can lead to devastating vision impairment. In a patient presenting with a possible ocular burn, immedia ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Ocular Cellulitis | Orbital cellulitis is an inflammation of the contents of the orbit posterior to the orbital septum. The inflammation occurs secondary to an infection ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Ocular Ischemic Syndrome | The ophthalmic artery is the first intradural branch of the carotid artery; thus, its function reflects the activity in ocular microcirculation and ca ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Open Angle Glaucoma | Open-angle glaucoma is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible multifactorial optic neuropathy that is characterized by an open angle of the anterior ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Ophthalmia Neonatorum | Ophthalmia neonatorum is a type of conjunctivitis that takes place in the neonatal period. This condition is commonly transmitted during vaginal deliv ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Optic Atrophy | Optic atrophy is the hallmark of damage to the visual pathway. It appears as a pale disc on fundus examination. This clinical appearance is not a dise ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Optic Ischemia | The optic nerve may be damaged by ischemia anywhere along its path, starting from its origin. It is mainly divided into anterior and posterior. A port ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Orbital Cellulitis | Orbital cellulitis is defined as a serious infection that involves the muscle and fat located within the orbit. It is also sometimes referred to as po ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Papilledema | Papilledema is a disease entity that refers to the swelling of the optic disc due to elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). This term should be distin ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma | Pediatric abusive head trauma (AHT), or shaken baby syndrome, most often involves shaking, blunt impact, or a combination of both in infants and young ... Read the Article | 2 | 24 | Activity Info |
| Pediatric Cataract | A pediatric cataract is an important cause of treatable childhood blindness, provided it is recognized and managed early. Leukocoria, strabismus, and ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Periorbital Cellulitis | Periorbital cellulitis is sometimes called preseptal cellulitis. It is is a skin and soft tissue infection around the eye that is anterior to the orbi ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Phenylephrine | The FDA-approved indication for intravenous (IV) phenylephrine hydrochloride is for increasing blood pressure in adults with clinically significant hy ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Photorefractive Keratectomy | Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is a laser refractive procedure used to ablate the corneal stroma to correct refractive errors. Though not performed ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Physostigmine | Physostigmine is a medication most commonly used in the management and treatment of antimuscarinic toxicity and glaucoma. This article will highlight ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Pilocarpine | Pilocarpine is a medication used in the management and treatment of xerostomia and glaucoma. It is a muscarinic receptor agonist. This activity descri ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Pinguecula | Pinguecula is a benign, common degeneration of the conjunctiva. It appears as a grey white-yellow mass on the bulbar conjunctiva. It presents in peopl ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Posterior Vitreous Detachment | Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is the separation of the posterior vitreous cortex and the internal limiting membrane of the retina and is the mos ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Presbyopia | Presbyopia is a condition which every individual is bound to face around their forties. This activity talks about the pathophysiology, evaluation, and ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Ptosis | Ptosis is known as the drooping of the upper eyelid, and the patient usually presents with the complaint of the defect in vision and cosmesis. It can ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Pupillary Light Reflex | Eyes allow visualization of the world by receiving and processing the energy of light as it enters the eye. This light interacts with the structures a ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Ranibizumab | Ranibizumab is a medication used to manage and treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration, macular edema following retinal vein occlusion, dia ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Retinal Detachment | Retinal detachments constitute a serious ocular condition and can lead to permanent vision loss. When the retina, the neurosensory layer, detaches fro ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 18 | Activity Info |
| Retinal Dystrophies | Retinal dystrophies (RD) are a group of degenerative disorders of the retina with clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Common presentations include col ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Retinal Hemorrhage | Retinal hemorrhages are a common clinical manifestation in patients visiting an eye clinic. Retinal hemorrhages give a clue to an underlying systemic ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Retinitis Pigmentosa | The term Retinitis Pigmentosa encompasses a group of hereditary retinopathies which result in progressive vision loss. This activity will cover the un ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Retinopathy | Retinopathy refers to pathological alterations to the retina resulting from a variety of causes, including environmental conditions and genetic factor ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Retinopathy Of Prematurity | Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease of retinal vascular and capillary proliferation affecting premature infants undergoing oxygen therapy. S ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Rosacea | Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory disease that presents with recurrent flushing, erythema, telangiectasia, papules, or pustules on nose, chin, ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Roth Spots | White-centered retinal hemorrhages, also known as Roth spots, are retinal hemorrhages that can be seen in a variety of medical conditions. Roth spots ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Scleritis | Scleritis is a severe ocular inflammatory condition affecting the outer covering of the eye. Scleritis has a high association with systemic disease. T ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Scopolamine | Scopolamine is a medication used to manage and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and motion sickness. It is in the anticholinergic class ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Sjogren Syndrome | Primary Sjogren syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disorder commonly presenting with dryness involving the eyes and mouth due to inflammation and resul ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 23 | Activity Info |
| Skin Antiseptics | Antiseptics are chemical agents applied to the skin to reduce the microbial count and reduce the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs). SSIs are def ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Sterile Technique | The purpose of creating a sterile field is to reduce the number of microbes present to as few as possible. The sterile field is used in many situation ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Steroid Induced Glaucoma | Steroids are one of the most commonly prescribed drugs, used mainly in the treatment of various autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. Although they ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Strabismus | Strabismus is a common childhood disorder that causes deviation or squinting of eyes. If untreated it can affect the vision permanently and can have a ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Stye | Stye, or hordeolum, is an acute, painful infection of the eye which involves the upper or lower eyelid. Patients present with a pustule with erythema ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Subconjunctival Hemorrhage | Subconjunctival hemorrhage is a common ocular complaint that most clinicians will see in their practice. This article is to describe its causes and it ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Syphilis | Syphilis is a systemic, bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. Due to its many protean clinical manifestations, it has been ... Read the Article | 2.75 | 45 | Activity Info |
| Tay-Sachs Disease | Tay Sachs disease is a rare autosomal recessive progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Patients usually exhibit a severe clinical course with death i ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 22 | Activity Info |
| Temporal Arteritis | Temporal arteritis (TA), also called giant cell arteritis (GCA) or cranial arteritis, is a systemic inflammatory vasculitis of medium and large-sized ... Read the Article | 2 | 27 | Activity Info |
| Timolol | Timolol is a medication used in the treatment and management of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It is in the beta-blocker class of drugs. ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Tonometry | Tonometry is a common procedure employed by health care professionals to measure intraocular pressure (IOP) using a calibrated instrument. Instruments ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Toxoplasma Retinochoroiditis | Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis (TRC) is likely the most common cause of infectious retinochoroiditis worldwide. One-quarter of patients with a history o ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Toxoplasmosis | Toxoplasmosis is caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan. Although many people are infected worldwide, the disea ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity Info |
| Trachoma | Trachoma is a bacterial infection of the eyes caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. The infection causes roughening and scarring of the inner surface of th ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Traumatic Brain Injury | Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result from trauma ranging from a simple blow to the head to a penetrating injury to the brain. In the United States, ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Tropicamide | Tropicamide is a safe drug used for pupillary dilation prior to a comprehensive eye exam or ocular procedure. Dilation is also necessary for specific ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Uveitis | Uveitis is a disease process that involves inflammation of the eye. There are multiple different causes of uveitis. These include infections, inflamma ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 16 | Activity Info |
| Viral Conjunctivitis | Conjunctivitis, also known as "pink eye", is inflammation of the conjunctiva. The three most common causes of conjunctivitis are viral, allergic, and ... Read the Article | 1 | 3 | Activity Info |
| Visual Acuity | A visual acuity test is only one part of a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. The goal of the visual acuity test is to determine the visual cla ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Vitamin A Deficiency | Vitamin A is a lipid-soluble compound with several biologic actions to aid in vision and cellular differentiation. The prevalence of vitamin A deficie ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 20 | Activity Info |
| Vitrectomy | Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is a surgical technique originally introduced by Robert Machemer. The pars plana approach to the vitreous cavity allows ac ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Vitreous Floaters | Vitreous floaters can often be the presenting symptom of a retinal tear or detachment. Early recognition of floaters can help prevent vision loss or b ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Vitreous Hemorrhage | Vitreous hemorrhage is described as blood in the vitreous cavity. It can occur due to a myriad of causes. Its timely diagnosis and management can cons ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| White Dot Syndromes | The white dot syndromes constitute a group of inflammatory chorioretinopathies in which the common defining clinical feature is the presence of multip ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Williams Syndrome | Williams syndrome is a rare genetic disorder with congenital heart disease, distinctive facial features (elfin-like faces), hypercalcemia, neurodevelo ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Wilson Disease | Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by abnormal copper accumulation in the body particularly ... Read the Article | 2.25 | 32 | Activity Info |
| Xanthelasma Palpebrarum | Xanthelasma palpebrarum is a condition in which soft, yellow papules or plaques filled with cholesterol form over the medial canthus of the upper lid. ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Xerophthalmia | Xerophthalmia is a leading cause of preventable blindness and childhood blindness. Health education focusing on proper nutrition has the potential to ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
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