[1]
Weetman AP, McGregor AM. Autoimmune thyroid disease: further developments in our understanding. Endocrine reviews. 1994 Dec:15(6):788-830
[PubMed PMID: 7705281]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[2]
Jawadi MH, Ballonoff LB, Stears JC, Katz FH. Primary hypothyroidism and pituitary enlargement. Radiological evidence of pituitary regression. Archives of internal medicine. 1978 Oct:138(10):1555-7
[PubMed PMID: 708178]
[3]
Sarlis NJ, Brucker-Davis F, Doppman JL, Skarulis MC. MRI-demonstrable regression of a pituitary mass in a case of primary hypothyroidism after a week of acute thyroid hormone therapy. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 1997 Mar:82(3):808-11
[PubMed PMID: 9062487]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[4]
Alkhani AM, Cusimano M, Kovacs K, Bilbao JM, Horvath E, Singer W. Cytology of pituitary thyrotroph hyperplasia in protracted primary hypothyroidism. Pituitary. 1999 May:1(3-4):291-5
[PubMed PMID: 11081211]
[5]
Beck-Peccoz P, Brucker-Davis F, Persani L, Smallridge RC, Weintraub BD. Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary tumors. Endocrine reviews. 1996 Dec:17(6):610-38
[PubMed PMID: 8969971]
[6]
Yamada T, Tsukui T, Ikejiri K, Yukimura Y, Kotani M. Volume of sella turcica in normal subjects and in patients with primary hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 1976 May:42(5):817-22
[PubMed PMID: 1270575]
[7]
Khawaja NM, Taher BM, Barham ME, Naser AA, Hadidy AM, Ahmad AT, Hamamy HA, Yaghi NA, Ajlouni KM. Pituitary enlargement in patients with primary hypothyroidism. Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. 2006 Jan-Feb:12(1):29-34
[PubMed PMID: 16524860]
[8]
Chaker L, Bianco AC, Jonklaas J, Peeters RP. Hypothyroidism. Lancet (London, England). 2017 Sep 23:390(10101):1550-1562. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30703-1. Epub 2017 Mar 20
[PubMed PMID: 28336049]
[9]
Cao J, Lei T, Chen F, Zhang C, Ma C, Huang H. Primary hypothyroidism in a child leads to pituitary hyperplasia: A case report and literature review. Medicine. 2018 Oct:97(42):e12703. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000012703. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 30334955]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[10]
Brucker-Davis F, Oldfield EH, Skarulis MC, Doppman JL, Weintraub BD. Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary tumors: diagnostic criteria, thyroid hormone sensitivity, and treatment outcome in 25 patients followed at the National Institutes of Health. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 1999 Feb:84(2):476-86
[PubMed PMID: 10022404]
[11]
Shimono T, Hatabu H, Kasagi K, Miki Y, Nishizawa S, Misaki T, Hiraga A, Konishi J. Rapid progression of pituitary hyperplasia in humans with primary hypothyroidism: demonstration with MR imaging. Radiology. 1999 Nov:213(2):383-8
[PubMed PMID: 10551216]
[12]
Han L, Wang J, Shu K, Lei T. Pituitary tumorous hyperplasia due to primary hypothyroidism. Acta neurochirurgica. 2012 Aug:154(8):1489-92; discussion 1492. doi: 10.1007/s00701-012-1342-0. Epub 2012 Apr 17
[PubMed PMID: 22527578]
[13]
Larson NS, Pinsker JE. Primary hypothyroidism with growth failure and pituitary pseudotumor in a 13-year-old female: a case report. Journal of medical case reports. 2013 May 31:7():149. doi: 10.1186/1752-1947-7-149. Epub 2013 May 31
[PubMed PMID: 23725039]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[14]
McVie R. Abnormal TSH regulation, pseudotumor cerebri, and empty sella after replacement therapy in juvenile hypothyroidism. The Journal of pediatrics. 1984 Nov:105(5):768-70
[PubMed PMID: 6502306]
[15]
Yamamoto K, Saito K, Takai T, Naito M, Yoshida S. Visual field defects and pituitary enlargement in primary hypothyroidism. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 1983 Aug:57(2):283-7
[PubMed PMID: 6408109]
[16]
Shukla P, Bulsara KR, Luthra P. Pituitary Hyperplasia in Severe Primary Hypothyroidism: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case reports in endocrinology. 2019:2019():2012546. doi: 10.1155/2019/2012546. Epub 2019 Jun 25
[PubMed PMID: 31341683]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[17]
Plehwe WE, Fabinyi GC. Anterior pituitary hyperplasia due to primary autoimmune hypothyroidism. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia. 2003 Mar:10(2):217-8
[PubMed PMID: 12637053]
[18]
Idiculla JM, Beckett G, Statham PF, Ironside JW, Atkin SL, Patrick AW. Autoimmune hypothyroidism coexisting with a pituitary adenoma secreting thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin and alpha-subunit. Annals of clinical biochemistry. 2001 Sep:38(Pt 5):566-71
[PubMed PMID: 11587139]
[19]
Simşek E, Simşek T, Savaş-Erdeve S, Erdoğmuş B, Döşoğlu M. Pituitary hyperplasia mimicking pituitary macroadenoma in two adolescent patients with long-standing primary hypothyroidism: case reports and review of literature. The Turkish journal of pediatrics. 2009 Nov-Dec:51(6):624-30
[PubMed PMID: 20196402]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[20]
Groff TR, Shulkin BL, Utiger RD, Talbert LM. Amenorrhea-galactorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and suprasellar pituitary enlargement as presenting features of primary hypothyroidism. Obstetrics and gynecology. 1984 Mar:63(3 Suppl):86S-89S
[PubMed PMID: 6700889]
[21]
Grubb MR, Chakeres D, Malarkey WB. Patients with primary hypothyroidism presenting as prolactinomas. The American journal of medicine. 1987 Oct:83(4):765-9
[PubMed PMID: 3674063]
[22]
Wolansky LJ, Leavitt GD, Elias BJ, Lee HJ, Dasmahapatra A, Byrne W. MRI of pituitary hyperplasia in hypothyroidism. Neuroradiology. 1996 Jan:38(1):50-2
[PubMed PMID: 8773277]
[23]
Kroese JM, Grootendorst AF, Schelfhout LJ. Postpartum amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea associated with hyperprolactinaemia and pituitary enlargement in primary hypothyroidism. The Netherlands journal of medicine. 2004 Jan:62(1):28-30
[PubMed PMID: 15061231]
[24]
Betônico CC, Rodrigues R, Mendonça SC, Jorge PT. [Primary hypothyroidism mimicking pituitary macroadenoma]. Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia. 2004 Jun:48(3):423-6
[PubMed PMID: 15640908]
[25]
Stockigt JR, Essex WB, West RH, Murray RM, Breidahl HD. Visual failure during replacement therapy in primary hypothyroidism with pituitary enlargement. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 1976 Nov:43(5):1094-100
[PubMed PMID: 993314]
[26]
Huseman CA, Torkelson RD. Pseudotumor cerebri following treatment of hypothalamic and primary hypothyroidism. American journal of diseases of children (1960). 1984 Oct:138(10):927-31
[PubMed PMID: 6475854]
[27]
Semple CG, Beastall GH, Teasdale G, Thomson JA. Hypothyroidism presenting with hyperprolactinaemia. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.). 1983 Apr 9:286(6372):1200-1
[PubMed PMID: 6404391]
[28]
Kelestimur F, Selçuklu A, Ozcan N. Empty sella developing during thyroxine therapy in a patient with primary hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinaemia. Postgraduate medical journal. 1992 Jul:68(801):589-91
[PubMed PMID: 1437961]
[29]
Dutta D, Maisnam I, Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay P, Mukhopadhyay S, Chowdhury S. Panhypopituitarism with empty sella a sequel of pituitary hyperplasia due to chronic primary hypothyroidism. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism. 2012 Dec:16(Suppl 2):S282-4. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.104060. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 23565400]
[30]
Namavar Jahromi B MD, Parsanezhad ME MD, Shomali Z MD, Bakhshai P MD, Alborzi M MD, Moin Vaziri N MD PhD, Anvar Z PhD. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: A Narrative Review of Its Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, Prevention, Classification, and Management. Iranian journal of medical sciences. 2018 May:43(3):248-260
[PubMed PMID: 29892142]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence