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Stay up to date on the latest medical knowledge with this Toxicology activity. In this online self-assessment activity, you'll read our reference articles and test your knowledge with 451 activities in Toxicology for 397.5 total CME hours.
Most drugs undergo chemical alteration by various bodily systems as a way to create compounds that are more easily excre ...
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Hours: 1
Drug-induced valvular heart disease (DIVHD) is a condition involving changes in the morphology and functionality of valv ...
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Hours: 0.75
Alpha-1 agonists are a class of medications used in the management of many disorders, including vasodilatory shock, hypo ...
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Hours: 0.75
Tropicamide is a safe drug used for pupillary dilation prior to a comprehensive eye exam or ocular procedure. Dilation i ...
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Hours: 0.75
This activity reviews millipede envenomation and the identification and evaluation of exposure by an interprofessional t ...
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Hours: 0.75
Toxicodendron toxicity is caused by plants within the Anacardiaceae family. It includes plants such as poison ivy, poiso ...
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Hours: 0.75
| Title | Description | Hours | Questions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,4-Methylenedioxy-Methamphetamine | This activity reviews the class 1 drug 3,4 - methylenedioxymethamphetamine, also known as MDMA, Ecstacy or Molly. The drug is known to promote a sens ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Abacavir | Abacavir is an approved nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection in combination with ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Abnormal Respirations | There are multiple types of normal and abnormal respiration. They include apnea, eupnea, orthopnea, dyspnea, hyperpnea, hyperventilation, hypoventilat ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Acarbose | Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing concern around the world, and in the USA in particular, with clinicians encountering the condition more frequent ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| ACE Inhibitors | ACE inhibitors are a medication class used in the treatment and management of hypertension, which is a significant risk factor for coronary disease he ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 14 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Acetaminophen | Many diseases and conditions list pain as a component of their presentation; as a result, pain management is of great importance to both clinicians an ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Acetaminophen Toxicity | Acetaminophen toxicity is the second most common cause of liver transplantation worldwide and the most common cause of liver transplantation in the US ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Acetaminophen/Aspirin/Caffeine | The FDA recognized the combination of acetylsalicylic acid (250 mg), acetaminophen (250 mg), and caffeine (65 mg) as safe and effective in treating ac ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Toxicity | Nerve agents are some of the most deadly and easily employed chemical warfare agents. Given the global threat of terrorism, it is prudent to have a ba ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Ackee Fruit Toxicity | Ingestion of unripe Ackee fruit may result in the metabolic syndrome known as "Jamaican vomiting sickness." Clinical manifestations may include profus ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Acrodynia | Acrodynia is a rare disorder caused due to chronic mercury poisoning or idiosyncrasy to mercury. It is a Greek term that means 'painful extremities.' ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Activated Charcoal | An oral suspension of activated charcoal should be considered in poisonings when gastrointestinal decontamination of an ingested toxin is indicated. A ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Acute Kidney Injury | Acute kidney injury, previously known as acute renal failure, denotes a sudden and often reversible reduction in the kidney function, as measured by ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 20 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Acute Liver Failure | Acute liver failure is defined as severe acute liver injury for fewer than twenty six weeks duration with encephalopathy and impaired synthetic functi ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Acute Pancreatitis | Acute pancreatitis is the leading cause of gastrointestinal-related hospitalization in the United States, and its frequency continues to rise in the ... Read the Article | 2 | 35 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Aflatoxin Toxicity | Aflatoxins are metabolites produced by toxigenic strains of molds, mainly Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus which grow in soil, hay, decaying vege ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Agranulocytosis | Agranulocytosis is a condition in which the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is less than 100 neutrophils per microlitre of the blood. Agranulocytosis ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Ala Dehydratase Deficiency Porphyria | ALA dehydratase porphyria is an extremely rare type of acute porphyria that follows a chronic course punctuated by acute attacks. To avoid multiple re ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Alcohol Withdrawal | Alcohol withdrawal symptoms usually appear when an individual discontinues or reduces the intake of alcohol after a period of prolonged consumption. I ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Alcoholic Liver Disease | The first stage of alcoholic liver disease is hepatic steatosis, which involves the accumulation of small fat droplets under liver cells approaching t ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Alkali Toxicity | Alkali toxicity, though rare, can lead to serious medical problems. Adult caustic ingestions are usually intentional, involving more substantial amou ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Alpha 1 Receptor Agonists | Alpha-1 agonists are a class of medications used in the management of many disorders, including vasodilatory shock, hypotension, hypoperfusion, septic ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Alpha Receptor Agonist Toxicity | Alpha-adrenergic agonist toxicity is due to a broad group of pharmaceutical agents known as alpha agonists, which can be further broken down into cent ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Alprazolam | Alprazolam, known by various trade names, is the most commonly prescribed psychotropic medication in the United States. Alprazolam is frequently presc ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Aluminum Hydroxide | Aluminum hydroxide is a medication used in the management and treatment of acid indigestion. It is in the antacid class of drugs. This activity outlin ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Amatoxin Mushroom Toxicity | Amatoxin containing mushrooms are a rare but significant cause of acute fulminant liver failure. However, not all Amanita species have this toxin, and ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Aminocaproic Acid | Aminocaproic acid, an antifibrinolytic agent, is a medication used in the management and treatment of acute bleeding disorders. This activity outlines ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Aminophylline | Aminophylline is FDA approved for the treatment of reversible airway obstruction due to asthma or other chronic lung diseases. This activity illustrat ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Amitriptyline | Amitriptyline is FDA approved medication to treat depression in adults. The Non-FDA approved indications are anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Ammonia Toxicity | Ammonia toxicity occurs when susceptible individuals suffer exposure to external sources of ammonia via ingestion, inhalation, direct contact with ski ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Amphetamine Related Psychiatric Disorders | Amphetamines belong to a class of compounds called phenethylamines which induce catecholaminergic effects in the CNS and peripheral circulation. Recre ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Amphetamine Toxicity | Amphetamine abuse is widespread, and overdose is associated with significant and negative impacts on the cardiovascular and neurological systems. Pati ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Angiotensin II | Angiotensin is a peptide endocrine hormone and an important part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, an inter-related endocrine system import ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Anthracycline Medications (Doxorubicin) | Doxorubicin is an anthracycline class medication used in the management and treatment of various types of malignancies and tumors. This activity will ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Anthracyclines | Anthracyclines are drugs extracted from Streptomyces spp and used in the treatment of various types of cancers. These agents are among the most effect ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Anticholinergic Medications | Anticholinergic medications are used in the management and treatment of a wide range of diseases. This activity illustrates the indications, action, ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Anticholinergic Toxicity | Anticholinergic toxicity is commonly seen in the emergency department but is rarely fatal. According to the 2015 annual American Association of Poison ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Anticonvulsants Toxicity | Anticonvulsants, or antiepileptics, are an ever-growing class of medications that act through multiple different mechanisms to control seizures. Antie ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Antidotes | Overdoses and accidental ingestions or exposures are common throughout the world. With more than 2.4 million toxic exposures each year, poisoning is ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Antiemetic Histamine H1 Receptor Blockers | First-generation antihistamines have several indications that primarily include nausea and vomiting secondary to motion sickness and vertigo, but seco ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Antiemetic Neurokinin-1 Receptor Blockers | Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonists are a new class of antiemetic drugs that possess unique anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antiemetic properties ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Antihistamine Toxicity | In 1943, as the planet was engulfed in WWII and the United States was officially announcing the end of The Great Depression, the most common modern an ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis In Children | Anti NMDA receptor encephalitis is commonly confused with schizophrenia. Most of the available data on this illness is through published case reports. ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Antiplatelet Drug Toxicity | Antiplatelet medications are primarily used for the management and prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) related events. Currently, there are fou ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Antisialagogues | Antisialagogues are medications often used in the management and treatment of patients with noisy breathing near the end of life. These medications ar ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Antitubercular Medications | Antitubercular medications: rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol are FDA approved for the treatment of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antitu ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Anxiolytics and Sedative-Hypnotics Toxicity | Anxiolytics and sedative-hypnotics are widely consumed at home and in a hospital setting. This activity reviews the most commonly used agents of these ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Aprepitant | Aprepitant is a medication used in the management and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea and vomiti ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Argyria | Argyria is a dermatologic condition that is acquired by exposure to or ingestion of silver, and it presents with the insidious onset of gray or blue m ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Aromatic Toxicity | Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Toluene and benzene can be found in products such as gasoline, nail polis ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Arrhythmias | Arrhythmia entails a broad spectrum of disorders of heart rate and rhythm abnormalities. Arrhythmia is broadly categorized into bradyarrhythmias and t ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Arsenic Toxicity | Arsenic poisoning is a global health issue affecting millions of people worldwide through environmental and occupational exposure, as well as intentio ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Arsenical Keratosis | Arsenical keratosis is an important cutaneous manifestation of chronic arsenic toxicity (CAT). As it is a common presenting complaint of CAT and a pre ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Atrial Fibrillation | Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia. It is the leading cardiac cause of stroke. Risk factors for atrial fibrillation inc ... Read the Article | 2 | 31 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Atrioventricular Dissociation | Atrioventricular dissociation is a cardiac conduction defect where the atria and ventricles beat independently of each other. It can occur due to vari ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Auditory Hallucinations | Auditory hallucinations are the sensory perceptions of hearing voices without an external stimulus. This symptom is particularly associated with schiz ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Barbiturate Toxicity | Barbiturates are a class of sedative-hypnotic drugs. They are commonly used as antiepileptics (phenobarbital) and for the induction of general anesthe ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Benzocaine | Benzocaine is a local anesthetic used in the management of pain control. It is in the ester local anesthetic class of medications. This activity descr ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Benzodiazepine Toxicity | Since the 1960s, with the development of chlordiazepoxide (Librium) and shortly thereafter diazepam (Valium), benzodiazepines quickly became mainstrea ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Benztropine | Benztropine is FDA approved as adjunctive therapy of all forms of parkinsonism. It is also used for drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms and the preve ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Berylliosis | Berylliosis, also known as chronic beryllium disease (CBD), is a granulomatous disease caused by exposure to beryllium. CBD has a variable clinical co ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Beta 2 Agonists | Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists are a class of medications used in the frontline management and treatment of bronchial asthma and COPD. This activ ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Beta 2 Receptor Agonists/Antagonists | Beta-2 adrenergic receptors are cell-surface receptors clinically taken advantage of in the management of bronchospasm as in patients with bronchial a ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Beta-Blocker Toxicity | Beta-blockers antagonize beta-adrenergic receptors and are used mainly in the treatment of hypertension, heart failure, tachydysrhythmias, and angina ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Betaxolol | Betaxolol is a medication used mostly in the management and treatment of open-angle glaucoma, essential hypertension, post-myocardial infarction, and ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Biologic Warfare Agent Toxicity | Biological warfare agents include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and biological toxins. Some agents are frequently lethal while others are intended to caus ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Biologic, Chemical, and Radiation Terrorism Review | Terrorism is the intentional use of indiscriminate violence to create fear and terror as a means to achieve an ideological, financial, religious, or p ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Bisphosphonate Toxicity | In the second half of the 20th century, bisphosphonates have emerged as a novel treatment for bone metabolism disorders. Currently, bisphosphonates ar ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Black Widow Spider Toxicity | The black widow spider species, also known by its biological nomenclature as the Latrodectus species is one of more than 40,000 different species of s ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Bleach Toxicity | Bleach refers to a large class of compounds used to whiten or color-lighten materials. They are frequently used for cleaning and disinfection; bleache ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Bleomycin | Bleomycin has approval for adult use in the treatment of squamous cell cancer of head and neck regions, Hodgkin's lymphoma, testicular carcinoma. It i ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Blister Agents | Sulfur mustard (dichlorethylsulphide) and nitrogen mustard are blistering agents, or vesicants, that have been used in chemical warfare since before t ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Botulinum Toxin | Botulinum toxin is a medication used in the management and treatment of therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. Therapeutic uses include chronic migraine, ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Botulism | Botulism is a rare, potentially fatal syndrome of diffuse, flaccid paralysis caused by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) which is elaborated by the bacteriu ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 17 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Botulism Antitoxin | Botulinum antitoxin, also known as botulism antitoxin, is comprised of antibodies or antibody antigen-binding fragments that block the neurotoxin prod ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Bronchoalveolar Lavage | Bronchoalveolar Lavage or BAL is a minimally invasive procedure that involves instillation of sterile normal saline into a subsegment of the lung, fol ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Brown Recluse Spider Toxicity | In the United States, Loxosceles reclusa or brown recluse spiders are found mostly in the south, west, and midwest areas. They are usually in dark are ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Budesonide | Budesonide is a medication used in the management and treatment of the inflammatory diseases, mainly affecting the airways and gastrointestinal tract. ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Butterbur | Butterbur (derived from the leaves of Petasites japonicus) is an herbal supplement that has been found to be effective in the prophylaxis of adult mig ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cadmium Toxicity | Cadmium is a heavy metal that causes direct harm to humans in several forms. It is regularly found with other heavy metals such as zinc, copper, and ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Caffeine | Caffeine is a naturally occurring, central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class and is the most widely taken psychoactive stimul ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Caffeine Toxicity | Caffeine is a stimulant that has been utilized globally for centuries secondary to its ability to improve mental alertness. As many as 85% of American ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Caffeine Withdrawal | Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class and is one of the most widely used drugs in the world. Unlike other p ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Calcium Channel Blocker Toxicity | Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are among the most commonly used cardiovascular drugs in the adult population. Like most other medications, when calci ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Calcium Channel Blockers | Calcium channel antagonists, also known as calcium channel blockers (CCBs), have been widely used for many indications. These agents are often classif ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cannabidiol (CBD) | CBD is a medication used in the management and treatment of the seizure disorders Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome. This activity describes ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome | Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a condition in which a patient experiences cyclical nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain after using cannabi ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cannabinoid Toxicity | Cannabinoids are a collective group of compounds that act on cannabinoid receptors. They include plant-derived phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoi ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cannabinoids | Cannabinoids are biologically active compounds used in the management and treatment of appetite/weight loss from HIV/AIDS and chemotherapy in addition ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cannabis Use Disorder | Cannabis use can cause intoxication, withdrawal, and biopsychosocial issues. This activity describes the evaluation and management of cannabis use dis ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cannaboinoid Antiemetic Therapy | There are currently three cannabinoids available on the pharmaceutical market. Dronabinol and nabilone are both synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Carbamate Toxicity | Carbamates are a class of insecticides structurally and mechanistically similar to organophosphate (OP) insecticides. Carbamates are N-methyl Carbamat ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Carbamazepine Toxicity | Carbamazepine is a commonly prescribed agent for focal epilepsy and other nonepileptic conditions such as neuropathic pain, schizophrenia, and bipolar ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Carbon Dioxide Narcosis | Carbon dioxide (CO2) narcosis is a condition that develops when excessive CO2 is present in the bloodstream, leading to a depressed level of conscious ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Carbon Monoxide Toxicity | Carbon monoxide toxicity occurs after breathing in excessive levels of carbon monoxide. This is a tasteless, odorless, and colorless gas and victims a ... Read the Article | 1 | 12 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Carbon Tetrachloride Toxicity | Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is an important agent for multiple purposes, such as cleaning purposes, industrial agents, etc. But it can cause several a ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors is a medication used in the management and treatment of glaucoma, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, altitude sicknes ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Carboxyhemoglobin Toxicity | Carbon monoxide is a tasteless, odorless, colorless, and non-irritating gas formed with the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons (fossil fuels). It i ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cardioactive Steroid Toxicity | Cardioactive steroids (CAS) are medically important compounds historically used for conditions like edema and "dropsy." They are available in several ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Carisoprodol | Carisoprodol is an FDA-approved drug indicated for the relief of discomfort associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions. Although market ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Carnitine Deficiency | Carnitine deficiency is a condition characterized by low carnitine levels in the body. Carnitine deficiency could be primary (due to defect in carniti ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Castor Oil | Castor oil is a vegetable oil made from Ricinus communis, a plant common in the Eastern areas of the world. Castor oil is most well known for its laxa ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cataplexy | Cataplexy, a physical feature of narcolepsy, is characterized by transient episodes of voluntary muscle weakness precipitated by intense emotion. Subj ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Caterpillar and Moth Bites | “Lepidopterism” refers to various skin & systemic reactions secondary to contact with moth and butterfly larvae or caterpillars (order Lepidoptera). I ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Caustic Ingestions | Caustic ingestion is the term given to describe the ingestion of an extremely toxic substance such as lye. Caustic ingestions are serious medical emer ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Centipede Envenomation | Centipede bites are uncommon but can be clinically significant in regards to patient discomfort, morbidity, and mortality. Prompt diagnosis and treat ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Change In Mental Status | Altered mental status is a common presentation. It is important to recognize the early signs of altered mental status, identify the underlying cause, ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Chemical Burns | Healthcare professionals should be knowledgeable about chemical burns from exposure to acids (pH less than 7), alkalis (pH greater than 7), and irrita ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Chemical Decontamination | Contending with a mass casualty incident involving a chemical exposure seems daunting; fortunately, these are rare events. It is quite possible that ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Chloracne | Chloracne is an eruption of blackheads, cysts, and pustules that may occur with over-exposure to halogenated aromatic compounds including chlorinated ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Chlordiazepoxide | Chlordiazepoxide is a long-acting benzodiazepine and is an FDA approved medication for adults with mild-moderate to severe anxiety, preoperative anxie ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Chlorine Gas Toxicity | Gaseous chlorine is poisonous and classified as a pulmonary irritant. It has intermediate water solubility with the capability of causing acute damage ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Chloroprocaine | Chloroprocaine is an ester class local anesthetic and is indicated for neuraxial anesthesia (caudal, epidural and spinal), as well as peripheral nerve ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Chloroquine | Chloroquine is a medication used in the management and treatment of malaria and inflammatory diseases. It is in the sulfonamides class of drugs. This ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Chlorpromazine | Chlorpromazine is a medication used in the management and treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and acute psychosis. It is in the category of ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cholestatic Jaundice | Cholestasis is defined as stagnation, or at least a marked reduction, in bile secretion and flow. Cholestasis can be due to a functional impairment of ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cholinergic Crisis | A cholinergic crisis develops as a result of overstimulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors at the neuromuscular junctions. This is usually sec ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cholinergic Medications | Cholinergic medications are a category of pharmaceutical agents that act upon the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, the primary neurotransmitter within ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 14 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cholinergic Toxicity | Cholinergic toxicity is caused by substances that stimulate, enhance or mimic the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, the primary neurotransmitter of the ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cholinesterase Inhibitors | Cholinesterase inhibitors function to decrease the breakdown of acetylcholine. They SEe use in the treatment of Alzheimer and dementia symptoms. This ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Chronic Pain | Over one-quarter of United States citizens suffer from chronic pain. It is among the most common complaints seen in an outpatient clinic. The failure ... Read the Article | 2.5 | 41 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Ciguatera Toxicity | Ciguatera toxicity is a food-borne illness caused by eating fish contaminated with Ciguatoxin. This toxin is a potent neurotoxin, and it is produced b ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cinchonism | Cinchonism is a collection of symptoms described as hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness, flushing, and blurry vision stemming from the ingestion of quin ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cisatracurium | Cisatracurium besylate is an intermediate-acting, non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD). Cisatracurium has a benzylisoquinolinium struct ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Clindamycin | Clindamycin is a medication used for the treatment of numerous infections, including but not limited to septicemia, intra-abdominal infections, lower ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Clomipramine | The only FDA approved use for clomipramine is for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in ages 10 and older. For the treatment of OCD, ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Clonazepam | Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine drug used for the acute management of panic disorder, epilepsy, and non-convulsive status epilepticus. It also has many ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Clonidine Toxicity | Clonidine is a commonly prescribed biochemical derivative of imidazoline with a variety of clinical uses. It was originally developed as a nasal decon ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Clonus | Clonus is a rhythmic oscillating stretch reflex that is related to upper motor neuron lesions. Therefore, clonus is generally accompanied by hyperrefl ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Clostridium Botulinum | Clostridium botulinum is an anaerobic gram-positive spore-forming rod and is the most common cause implicated in reversible flaccid paralysis. Other c ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cnidaria Toxicity | Cnidaria is a classification of marine life that includes jellyfish, fire coral, stinging hydroids, sea wasps, sea nettle, and anemones. Jellyfish not ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cocaine | Cocaine hydrochloride topical solution contains 4% cocaine. It is not FDA-approved but allowed for only the following indications: topical anesthesia ... Read the Article | 1 | 10 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cocaine Toxicity | Cocaine abuse is a major worldwide health problem. Patients with acute cocaine toxicity may require urgent treatment for tachycardia, dysrhythmia, hyp ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Coma | Altered mental status is a catch-all term that includes a spectrum of patient behaviors ranging from confusion to deep unresponsiveness. Coma is at on ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cone Snail Toxicity | Both experienced and novice scuba divers are drawn to warm, tropical seas, but when traveling to these areas, divers must take additional precautionar ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cooling Techniques For Hyperthermia | Hyperthermia is defined as a body temperature greater than 40 C. Several conditions can cause hyperthermia. In sepsis, the immunologic reaction to the ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Copper Toxicity | Copper metabolism plays an important role in physiologic homeostasis. Copper toxicity, however, induces several pathologic processes that are detrimen ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Coral Snake Toxicity | Coral snakes are members of the Elapidae family, and 40 to 50 species exist in the Americas. In the United States, three types predominate: Micrurus f ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Coral Toxicity | Corals are invertebrates that fall within the class Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria. They are one of the important reef builders in tropical oceans. M ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Corticosteroid Adverse Effects | Corticosteroids are hormone mediators produced by the cortex of adrenal glands that further categorize into glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and a ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Crotalidae Envenomation | Crotalid envenomations cause a spectrum of disease, with both localized and systemic toxicity, which can result in both prolonged morbidity and rarely ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cultural Religious Competence In Clinical Practice | The diversity of religion within our world's population brings challenges for health care providers and systems to deliver culturally competent medica ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reaction | Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADR), also known as toxidermia, are skin manifestations resulting from systemic drug administration. These reaction ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cyanide Toxicity | Cyanide is a rapidly acting substance that is traditionally known as a poison. Hydrogen cyanide was first isolated from Prussian blue dye in 1786 and ... Read the Article | 1 | 12 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome | Cyclic vomiting syndrome is characterized by recurrent episodes of nausea and vomiting lasting from hours to days in the absence of identifiable patho ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cyclothymic Disorder | Cyclothymia is an affective disorder characterized by mood instability and mood changes that do not fit the criteria for other mood disorders such as ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Dakin Solution | Dakin solution, also called Dakin fluid or Carrel-Dakin fluid, is a dilute sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) solution that is commonly known as bleach. The ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Dapsone | Dapsone is indicated for a variety of conditions, both dermatologic and non-dermatologic. The FDA-approved indications are leprosy and dermatitis herp ... Read the Article | 1 | 10 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Deadly Single Dose Agents | Although the basics of evaluating and treating most unknown ingestants are well known, many overdoses require very specific treatment if the patient i ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Deferoxamine | Deferoxamine is a medication used in Iron and aluminum toxicity. It is in the chelator class of drugs. This activity reviews the indications, mechanis ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Delirium Tremens | Alcohol abuse is a common condition that has been associated with severe impairments in social functioning and medical problems. As high as 20% of the ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Dextran | Dextran is a medication used in the management and treatment of various clinical conditions, including during hemorrhage, shock, surgical procedures, ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Dextromethorphan Toxicity | Dextromethorphan is a drug used in many over-the-counter cough and cold medicines for its antitussive effects. It comes in oral strips, lozenges, liqu ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Diamond Blackfan Anemia | Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital type of anemia with pure red cell aplasia causing congenital bone abnormalities and most commonly presen ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Diclofenac | Diclofenac is a medication used in the management and treatment of inflammatory conditions and pain. It is in the class of non-steroidal anti-inflamma ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Digitalis Toxicity | Digoxin is a well-known cardiac glycoside and one of the oldest drugs used today in cardiovascular medicine. It has wide-ranging beneficial effects an ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Digoxin Immune Fab | Digoxin immune fab is a medication used in the management and treatment of digoxin toxicity. Most toxicity cases are seen in patients with a past medi ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Digoxin Toxicity | Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside derived from the foxglove plant (digitalis species). It has inotropic effects and is utilized in the management of syst ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Dimercaprol | Dimercaprol is a medication used in the treatment of toxic exposure to arsenic, mercury, gold, and lead. It is in the chelating class of drugs. This a ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Diphenhydramine | Diphenhydramine, which is available as an over-the-counter medication, is a first-generation antihistamine that is used in a variety of conditions to ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Diphenhydramine Toxicity | Diphenhydramine is most often used for the treatment of nausea, vomiting, allergic rhinitis, mild to severe allergic reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis), an ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Diphenoxylate and Atropine | Diphenoxylate/atropine combination is a medication used in the management and treatment of diarrhea. It is in the antimotility class of drugs. This ac ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Disk Battery Ingestion | Disk batteries (or button batteries) are found in many consumer electronics. The last few decades have seen an increase in demand for compact electron ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Disulfiram | Disulfiram is one of three drugs approved by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of alcohol dependence. It is a second-line option ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Dopamine Agonists | Dopamine agonists are used in patients with Parkinson disease. Dopamine agonists such as ropinirole, are the first-line treatment for restless legs sy ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Doxepin | Doxepin is a medication used in the treatment of major depressive disorder, anxiety, insomnia as well as in the management of skin pruritus. It is in ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Doxylamine | Doxylamine is a medication used in the management and treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), allergic rhinitis, and insomnia. It is in t ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Dronabinol | Dronabinol is synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol ('THC'), which obtained FDA approval in 1985 for the treatment of HIV/AIDs-induced anorexia and chemother ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Drug and Alcohol Use | The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition includes 10 separate classes of drugs of abuse, which include alcohol, caffei ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Drug Induced Hepatotoxicity | Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is an acute or chronic liver injury secondary to drugs or herbal compounds. It is difficult to diagnose because the presen ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Drug Induced Valvular Heart Disease | Drug-induced valvular heart disease (DIVHD) is a condition involving changes in the morphology and functionality of valvular leaflets secondary to exp ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Drug Interactions In Palliative Care | Drug-drug interactions (DDI) are a significant cause of adverse drug events (ADE) in palliative care. This activity will highlight the mechanism of ac ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 14 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Drug Metabolism | Most drugs undergo chemical alteration by various bodily systems as a way to create compounds that are more easily excreted from the body. These chemi ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Drug Testing | Broadly defined, drug testing is the process of using a biological sample to detect the presence or absence of a drug or its metabolites. This process ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Dysdiadochokinesia | Dysdiadochokinesia (diadochokinesia) or diadochokinesis is the inability to defined as the inability to perform rapid alternating muscle movements. Th ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Dystonic Reactions | An acute dystonic reaction is characterized by involuntary contractions of muscles of the extremities, face, neck, abdomen, pelvis, or larynx in eithe ... Read the Article | 1 | 10 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Electronic Vaping Delivery Of Cannabis And Nicotine | This activity outlines the current scientific literature and knowledge of the risks and benefits of inhaling nicotine through proprietary devices. It ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| EMS Resuscitation During Contamination While Wearing PPE | In a world of evolving disease, accidental industrial or commercial contamination, as well as foreign and domestic terrorism, emergency providers must ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Enalapril | Enalapril is a medication used in the management of hypertension and congestive heart failure. It is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. This ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Eosinophilia | Eosinophils are a kind of blood granulocytes that express cytoplasmic granules that contain basic proteins and bind with acidic dyes like “eosin.” The ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Ergotamine/Caffeine | The combination of ergotamine and caffeine is a medication used in the management and treatment of acute migraines. It is in the ergot alkaloid class ... Read the Article | 1 | 10 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Ethanol | Ethanol is an alcohol by chemical composition, used in the management and treatment of methanol/ethylene glycol toxicity. Ethanol has been used effici ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Ethanol Toxicity | Ethanol toxicity results from the ingestion of large amounts of ethanol, usually in the form of alcohol. It affects multiple organ systems in both the ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Ethylene Glycol Toxicity | Ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is a toxic alcohol that is found in various household and industrial agents. Ethylene glycol exposure can be extremely danger ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Etoposide | Etoposide is a medication used in the management and treatment of various cancers such as testicular, prostate, bladder, stomach, and lung cancer. It ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Evaluation and Treatment of Snake Envenomations | Snakebites are responsible for a significant degree of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in low resource countries. There are over 600 spe ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Exchange Transfusion | Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a procedure employed to "cleanse" the blood of various pathologic entities including antibodies, immune complexes ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| External Pacemaker | External pacing is one of the fastest methods for treating multiple types of conduction abnormalities. It can be applied in the hospital setting or by ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Facial Burns | Burn injuries are a significant health issue and are a leading cause of accidental death or injury in the U.S. Burns to the face can affect many speci ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 14 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Fenoldopam | Fenoldopam is used primarily for the lowering of blood pressure during episodes of severe hypertension. Fenoldopam has a unique mechanism of action co ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Fentanyl | Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid, which, similar to morphine, produces analgesia but to a greater extent. This robust pharmacologic agent is typi ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Fire Ant Bites | Fire ants tend to be an aggressive insect that will sting causing very painful reactions. There are two types of fire ants which belong to the Soleno ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Flumazenil | Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist. The primary FDA-approved clinical uses for flumazenil include reversal agent for benzodiazepine overdose an ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Fluorides and Fluorocarbons Toxicity | Fluorocarbons are fluorinated carbon chain polymers that are used in an assortment of household and commercial products as waterproofing agents, lubri ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Fluoxetine | Fluoxetine is FDA-approved for major depressive disorder (age eight and older), obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, bulimia, binge eating d ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Fluvastatin | In adults, fluvastatin is indicated for hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia to decrease the amount of total cholesterol in the blood. Specific ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) | Fresh frozen plasma is indicated for the deficiency of coagulation factors with abnormal coagulation tests in the presence of active bleeding. Fresh f ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Funnel Web Spider Toxicity | There are over 40 species of funnel-web spiders, with 3 genera restricted to Australia, including the Hadronyche, Illawarra, and the Atrax. Funnel-we ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| GABA Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators | GABA positive allosteric modulators are medications used in the management and treatment of seizures, sedation, anxiolytic, alcohol withdrawal, and mu ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate Toxicity | Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is pharmaceutically manufactured as sodium oxybate for the treatment of narcolepsy. This formulation is considered a Sched ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Gastric Outlet Obstruction | Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a result of any disease process that causes a mechanical impediment to gastric emptying. It can be caused by mecha ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| General Anesthesia for Surgeons | The primary goal of general anesthesia is rendering a patient unconscious and unable to feel painful stimuli while controlling autonomic reflexes. The ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Gentamicin | Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used in the treatment of several gram-negative infections. This activity aims to review the indications, ac ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency | Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is an enzyme found in the cytoplasm of all cells in the body. It is a housekeeping enzyme that plays a vital role in ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Gray Baby Syndrome | Gray baby syndrome is an adverse reaction to chloramphenicol that is characterized by abdominal distention, hemodynamic collapse, and ashen-gray skin ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Gyromitra Mushroom Toxicity | Gyromitra esculenta, the false morel mushroom, has a unique toxicity. The mushroom derives its name (esculenta) from the Latin for edible. Certain cul ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Halothane Toxicity | Halothane is a medication previously used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. After its large impact on medicine and anesthesia speci ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hand High Pressure Injury | High-pressure injection injuries of the hand occur when the hand comes into contact with the nozzle of a high-pressure injecting system such as a pain ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Heavy Metal Toxicity | Heavy metals are elements found in nature that accumulate in the environment mostly due to anthropogenic activities. Humans are exposed to them by occ ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hemodialysis | Dialysis is a form of renal replacement therapy. The kidney’s role of filtration of the blood is supplemented by artificial equipment for the removal ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Heroin | Heroin, also known as diacetylmorphine, is derived from the opium poppy plant. Professionals initially touted morphine as a substitute with less misus ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Heroin Toxicity | Heroin, also known as diacetylmorphine, is a very efficient prodrug and more potent than Morphine. Many deaths are caused by heroin overdoses througho ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis | High anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA) is a type of metabolic acidosis. Differentiation of acidosis into a particular subtype, whether high anion g ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Histamine Toxicity | Scombroid poisoning results from eating fish that have been improperly stored. The primary toxic agent implicated in scombroid toxicity is histidine, ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hydrocarbon Inhalation | Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that consist of hydrogen and carbon. They are ubiquitous in society and are present in many common household and oc ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hydrocodone | Hydrocodone is a schedule II semi-synthetic opioid medication used to treat pain. Hydrocodone is also an antitussive indicated for cough in adults. In ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hydrocodone and Acetaminophen | Hydrocodone is one of the most common pain medications prescribed by clinicians and one of the most abused by the patients. It is a relatively potent ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hydrofluoric Acid Burns | Hydrofluoric (HF) acid is an extremely powerful inorganic acid and a vigorous dehydrating agent that is used in many industrial branches. Domestic con ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hydrogen Sulfide Toxicity | Hydrogen sulfide can be found in many environments, and toxicity can arise from both direct contact and as the chemical enters the bloodstream. At hig ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hydromorphone | Hydromorphone is a medication used in the management and treatment of moderate to severe acute pain as well as severe chronic pain. It is in the opioi ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hydroxocobalamin | Hydroxocobalamin is a medication used in the management and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency and acute cyanide toxicity. It is in the anti-anemic c ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hydroxyurea Toxicity | Hydroxyurea is an antineoplastic agent used alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation in the treatment of resistant leuke ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hymenoptera Stings | The Hymenoptera order includes over 150,000 different species of flying and non-flying insects. Some species within this order have modified oviposito ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hyperammonemia | Hyperammonemia is a metabolic condition characterized by raised levels of ammonia, a nitrogen-containing compound. Ammonia is a potent neurotoxin. Hyp ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hyperbaric Complications | Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is generally a relatively safe therapy for various conditions. However, there are some adverse side effects. When adv ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hyperbaric Evaluation and Treatment Of Cyanide Toxicity | Cyanide toxicity occurs commonly in patients with smoke inhalation who have been removed from burning structures. Cyanide forms as a result of incomp ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hyperbaric Therapy For Skin Grafts And Flaps | Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has shown promise in salvaging flaps in tissue that has been irradiated or in areas where there is decreased tissue perfusio ... Read the Article | 1 | 10 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hyperbaric Treatment Of Carbon Monoxide Toxicity | Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic gas that is formed from the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances. Common sources are engines, non-ele ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hypercapnea | Hypercapnia is the increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) above 45 mmHg. Carbon dioxide is a metabolic product of the many cellular pr ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hyperchloremic Acidosis | Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis is a pathological state that results from bicarbonate loss, rather than acid production or retention. Bicarbonate lo ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hyperesthesia | Hyperesthesia occurs as a symptom of neuropathic pain and can be present in any disease process that affects the somatosensory nervous system. Treatme ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hyperkalemia | Hyperkalemia is defined as a serum or plasma potassium level above the upper limits of normal, usually greater than 5.0 mEq/L to 5.5 mEq/L. While mild ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 14 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hypomagnesemia | Magnesium is an important electrolyte. It is a key part of many reactions that occur in the human body, affecting cellular function, nerve conduction, ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 3 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hypothalamic Dysfunction | The hypothalamus is the central command center for hormonal regulation, and its effects are primarily carried out by the hormones released from the hy ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hypothermia | Accidental hypothermia occurs when the body dissipates more heat than it absorbs or creates, leaving the body unable to generate sufficient heat to ma ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 16 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hypotonia | Hypotonia is an easily recognizable entity but determining the etiology is a challenging task for a clinician given its vast differential. Systematica ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Ibuprofen Toxicity | Ibuprofen, 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid, belongs to the class of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and was discovered b ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Imipramine | Imipramine is a medication used in the treatment of depression and anxiety. It is a tertiary amine tricyclic antidepressant. This activity reviews the ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Infantile Botulism | Infantile botulism is caused by Clostridium botulinum, which is an anaerobic spore-forming, gram-positive bacillus. It can be found in the soil, water ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Infectious Scleritis | Infectious scleritis is an inflammatory process of the sclera due to a microbial agent. In order to avoid the risk of enucleation or evisceration due ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Insect Bites | The term "bug bite" is commonly used to denote both bites and stings inflicted by members of the phylum Arthropoda. Arthropods make up the largest di ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis | Nonidiopathic interstitial pulmonary fibrosis describes a group of diseases causing fibrosis to the lung parenchyma due to a known cause. This a serio ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Intracranial Hypertension | Intracranial hypertension is a spectrum of neurological disorders where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure within the skull is elevated. Normal CSF pr ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 14 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Intrathecal Morphine | Morphine is an opioid administered for acute and chronic pain conditions. The advantage of intrathecal (IT) morphine over intravenous (IV), oral (PO), ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Iodine Toxicity | Although the consequences of iodine deficiency have been recognized for years, there has not been much emphasis on the prevalence or the consequences ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Ionizing Radiation | Ionizing radiation has been proven to be a risk factor for malignancy in the future. Evidence from studies conducted following the Chernobyl accident, ... Read the Article | 2.25 | 38 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Iontophoresis Analgesic Medications | Analgesic iontophoresis is the administration of analgesic medications via iontophoresis used in the management and treatment of pain. The technique m ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Iron | Iron is a mineral essential to the human body. It is administered for the treatment of iron deficiency. It is available in many formulations that belo ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Iron Dextran | Iron dextran is an injectable medication used in the management of iron deficiency anemia, particularly in patients who are unable to tolerate iron by ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Iron Toxicity | Iron poisoning is one of the most common toxic ingestion and one of the most deadly among children. Failure to diagnose and treat iron poisoning can h ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Irukandji Syndrome | Irukandji syndrome is a painful, potentially lethal condition caused by the sting and envenomation from multiple jellyfish species. It is characterize ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Isoniazid | Isoniazid is an antibiotic used in the treatment of mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. This activity describes the indications, action, and contra ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Isoniazid Toxicity | Isoniazid (INH) is a potent bactericidal antibiotic used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Treatment with INH therapy has a risk of toxicity, which ca ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Isopropanol Toxicity | Isopropanol, or isopropyl alcohol, is a clear, colorless liquid that emits an odor that resembles acetone. It is a commercially available product main ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Ketamine Toxicity | Ketamine is a structural analog of the dissociative anesthetic and recreational drug phencyclidine (PCP). Similar to phenylcyclidine, ketamine causes ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Korsakoff Syndrome | Korsakoff syndrome is a chronic neuropsychiatric syndrome that is caused by the deficiency of thiamine, also known as vitamin B1. This deficiency lead ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Lamotrigine | Lamotrigine can be used to treat the following partial seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, bipolar I disorder maintenance and Lennox- ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Lead Encephalopathy | Lead intoxication is one of the most well described environmental intoxications worldwide and it continues to be a commonly encountered disease both i ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Lead Toxicity | Lead became a common occupational toxin with the birth of the Industrial Revolution, by the end of the 19-century childhood lead poisoning secondary t ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 15 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Leflunomide | Leflunomide is a medication used in the management and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is in the nonbiological DMARDs class of medications. This ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Leucovorin | Leucovorin is a medication used in the treatment of methotrexate toxicity and chemotherapy regimens. Leucovorin is a folate analog. This activity revi ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Leukocytosis | Leukocytosis has a variety of etiologies with which clinicians of all backgrounds should be familiar. This activity outlines the evaluation of leukocy ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Levothyroxine | Oral levothyroxine is primarily indicated for the treatment of primary, secondary, and tertiary hypothyroidism. Primary hypothyroidism is when the pro ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Lidocaine | Lidocaine is a local anesthetic agent that is commonly used for local and topic anesthesia, but which also has antiarrhythmic and analgesic uses and c ... Read the Article | 1 | 12 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Lionfish, Scorpionfish, And Stonefish Toxicity | More than 50 percent of all venomous vertebrates are fish, and which pose a threat to divers around the world. The family Scorpaenidae includes the mo ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Lipid Emulsion Therapy | Lipid emulsion therapy is a medication used in the management and treatment of Local anesthetic toxicity. This activity reviews the indications, actio ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Lithium Toxicity | The drug of choice for recurrent bipolar illness management remains to be lithium. Lithium, a monovalent cation similar to sodium with an unknown mech ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Liver Toxicity | One of the most important causes of liver dysfunction is drug-induced liver injury (DILI) which can lead to a wide spectrum of symptoms ranging from m ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Local Anesthetic Toxicity | Local anesthetics are commonly used in most medical and dental practice. While adverse effects are rare, the rising prevalence of local anesthetics in ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Loperamide | Loperamide is a medication used in the treatment of diarrhea. It classifies as an anti-diarrheal agent. The use of loperamide in high doses has been a ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) | Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a classical hallucinogen. No approved indications for LSD-assisted therapy exist today. It has been used in the pa ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Toxicity | D-lysergic acid diethylamide, or LSD, is a prominent hallucinogenic drug of abuse that can produce profound, dose-dependent subjective effects in thos ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Magnesium Toxicity | Magnesium toxicity is commonly caused by the overuse of magnesium-containing medication or under-excretion of magnesium by the kidneys. Early recognit ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Manganese Toxicity | Manganese (Mn) toxicity is a well-established result of repeated occupational and nutritional exposures. Though this syndrome is relatively uncommon, ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Marchiafava Bignami Disease | Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a very rare disorder characterized by demyelination and necrosis of the corpus callosum. The adjacent subcortical ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Marijuana | Cannabis, also known as marijuana, is commonly sought out by patients for various conditions. Conversely, many providers are uncomfortable prescribing ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Marijuana Toxicity | The term "marijuana" typically refers to the tobacco-like preparations of the leaves and flowers of the plant cannabis sativa. The active ingredient i ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Meclizine | Meclizine is a medication used in the management and treatment of nausea, vomiting, and dizziness caused by motion sickness and vertigo. Meclizine bel ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Mercury Toxicity | Mercury has been used for centuries in multiple capacities including medicinal and widespread industrial use. Because of this, it is a common chemical ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Mesna | Mesna is a medication used in the management and treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis associated with chemotherapy. This activity outlines the indication ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Methadone | Methadone is a medication used in the management and treatment of opioid use disorder and as an analgesic in chronic pain. It is a synthetic long-term ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Methamphetamine | Methamphetamine is one of the powerful stimulants of the central nervous system (CNS). It is sometimes a second-line treatment for attention deficit h ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Methamphetamine Toxicity | Methamphetamine is a highly addictive psychostimulant drug that is a derivative of amphetamine. Methamphetamine can produce euphoria and stimulant eff ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Methanol Toxicity | Methanol (CH3OH) is a toxic alcohol that is found in various household and industrial agents. Methanol exposure can be extremely dangerous, with signi ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 23 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Methemoglobinemia | Methemoglobinemia is a condition with life-threatening potential in which diminution of the oxygen-carrying capacity of circulating hemoglobin occurs ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Methylene Blue | Methylene blue is a medication used in the management and treatment of methemoglobinemia, a condition in which hemoglobin decreases its ability to car ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Milk Thistle | Herbal products have become increasingly popular, especially among those with chronic disease. Milk thistle has been used for hundreds of years by her ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Millipede Envenomation | This activity reviews millipede envenomation and the identification and evaluation of exposure by an interprofessional team. It discusses the manageme ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Minocycline | Minocycline is a medication used in the management and treatment of both infectious and non-infectious conditions. It is in the tetracycline class of ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor Toxicity | Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of antidepressants. The use of MAOIs has declined in the past few decades due to the introduction of ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Morphine | FDA-approved usage of morphine sulfate includes moderate to severe pain that may be acute or chronic. Most commonly used in pain management, morphine ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 15 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Moyamoya Disease | Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an isolated chronic, usually bilateral, vasculopathy of undetermined etiology characterized by progressive narrowing of the ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Muscarinic Agonists | Muscarinic agonists are parasympathomimetic drugs and are indicated for ileus, urinary retention, glaucoma, Alzheimer disease, and other symptoms. Thi ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Muscarinic Antagonists | The muscarinic antagonist is a class medication used in the management and treatment of numerous different conditions, including COPD and organophosph ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Mushroom Toxicity | The term mushroom refers to the fungal fruiting body. Anatomically, the prototypical mushroom comprises the stem and a cap with gills on the underside ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| N Acetylcysteine | N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the mainstay of therapy for acetaminophen toxicity. NAC has FDA approval for the treatment of potentially hepatotoxic doses ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Nalbuphine | Nalbuphine is FDA indicated for moderate to severe pain in which an opioid agent is required when other alternative treatments have been insufficient. ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Naloxone | Over the past two decades, the rate of overdose from opiates has increased significantly. Opiate misuse is associated with enormous morbidity and mort ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Naltrexone | Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist used to treat alcohol use disorder and opioid dependence. It is FDA-approved for alcohol misuse and opioid dependen ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Napalm Toxicity | Napalm is a weaponized mixture of chemicals designed to create a highly flammable and gelatinous liquid. Detonation then occurs by various explosive ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Naproxen | Naproxen is FDA-approved for the treatment of acute gout, ankylosing spondylitis, bursitis, polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis, osteoarthriti ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Narcotic Bowel Syndrome | It is estimated that anywhere from 25% to 45% of the adult population suffers from long-term pain, which results in a poor quality of life, loss of pr ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome | Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is a spectrum of clinical manifestations seen in neonates due to withdrawal from intrauterine drug exposure. It is ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Neostigmine | Neostigmine is water-soluble, an ionized compound that reversibly inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Its FDA indication is for the reversal of ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Nerve Agents | Nerve agents represent a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in toxicology and emergency medicine. Patients affected by nerve agents pr ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Neuroleptic Agent Toxicity | The use of these neuroleptic agents has become more widespread. Knowledge of the toxicity and adverse effects associated with their use is becoming pa ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome | Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a life-threatening syndrome associated with the use of dopamine-receptor antagonist medications or with rapid ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Niacin Toxicity | Niacin is a medication used in the management and treatment of hyperlipidemia. It is in the vitamin supplement class of drugs. This activity reviews ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Nickel Allergy | Nickel allergy is a type of contact dermatitis caused by direct contact with nickel. It is the most common identifiable cause of metal-related contact ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Nicotinic Ganglionic Blocker | Mecamylamine is a medication used in the management and treatment of hypertension. It is in the nicotinic ganglion blocker class of drugs. This activi ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Nitrogen Dioxide Toxicity | Nitrogen dioxide and other oxides of nitrogen are found in a variety of occupational settings. This activity reviews the evaluation, treatment, and m ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Nitroglycerin | Nitroglycerin is a vasodilatory drug used primarily to provide relief from anginal chest pain. It is currently FDA approved for the acute relief of a ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Toxicity | As a class, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, commonly abbreviated as NSAIDs, are chemically varied, yet share similar therapeutic and adverse eff ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Ochronosis | Ochronosis is named for the reddish-brown hue of tissue termed "ochre-like" that was first described by a young physician named Archibald Garrod in th ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Ofloxacin | Ofloxacin is a medication in the fluoroquinolone class used in the treatment of multiple gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections. This ac ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Ondansetron | Ondansetron is one of the medications most commonly used for empiric treatment. Ondansetron has extreme utility as an antiemetic drug, and it is effec ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Opioid | Opioids are medications used in the management and treatment of pain, cough, or diarrhea. This activity outlines the indications, actions, and contrai ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Opioid Addiction | Opioid use disorder and opioid addiction remain at epidemic levels in the US and worldwide. Three million US citizens and 16 million individuals world ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Opioid Anesthesia | Opioids have had a wide range of uses in medicine throughout history. However, they have fallen under scrutiny in recent history due to the opioid cri ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Opioid Antagonists | Opioid receptor antagonists block one or more of the opioid receptors in the central or peripheral nervous system. Opioid receptors are specific trans ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Opioid Induced Constipation | Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) accounts for between 40 and sixty percent of patients without cancer receiving opioids. Laxatives must be started at ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Opioid Toxicity | Opioids and opiates together comprise a class of medications widely used primarily to control severe pain. If first-line agents are not effective in c ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Opioid Use Disorder | Opioid use disorder has a significant impact on the quality of life. It is an epidemic in the United States. The persistent use of opioids should be d ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Opioid Withdrawal | Opioid withdrawal syndrome is a life-threatening condition resulting from opioid dependence. Opioids are a group of drugs used for management of sever ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 3 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Oral Transmucosal Fentanyl | Oral transmucosal fentanyl is a medication used in the management and treatment of breakthrough pain. It is in the class of short-acting synthetic opi ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Organophosphate Toxicity | Most patients exposed to organophosphates come into contact with insecticides. The first organophosphate insecticide was created in the mid-1800s but ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Organophosphates | Organophosphates (OP) are chemical substances that are produced by the process of esterification between phosphoric acid and alcohol. Organophosphates ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Oxazepam | Oxazepam is a short-acting benzodiazepine used for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal, management of anxiety disorders, and tension. This activity w ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Oxygen Administration | Oxygen administration may be initiated for a variety of reasons. Increased metabolic demand, maintenance of oxygenation while providing anesthesia, su ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Ozone Toxicity | Ozone normally occurs in a gas state as three atoms of oxygen (O) linked in a cyclic structure and is a by-product of water purification, bleaching an ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pain Management Medications | Analgesics are medications used in the management and treatment of pain. They include several classes of medications (acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Palytoxin Keratitis | PTX exposure, and resulting toxicity, are most frequently associated with inhalation of vapors while cleaning or eradicating the coral from home aquar ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Parasympathomimetic Medications | Parasympathomimetics are a class of medications that activate the parasympathetic nervous system by mimicking or modifying the effects of acetylcholin ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Parkinsonism | Parkinsonism is a motor syndrome that manifests as rigidity, tremors, and bradykinesia. Parkinsonism is caused by Parkinson disease in about eighty pe ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pediatric Preoperative Management | The preoperative management of anesthesia in children differs from that in adults. These differences include employing cognitive and age-appropriate l ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pemphigus Vulgaris | Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare disease that causes blisters. It is the most common type of pemphigus. The mean age of onset is 50 to 60 years of age, an ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Penicillin Allergy | Penicillin (PCN) was discovered by Alexander Flemming in 1928 and became widely used in 1942 to treat various staphylococcal and streptococcal bacteri ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pentobarbital | Pentobarbital is a medication used in the management and treatment of several medical conditions including seizures, intracranial pressure control, in ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Perinatal Drug Abuse And Neonatal Drug Withdrawal | Drug abuse and addiction have significantly increased over the last few decades; specifically, opioid abuse and dependence have increased to epidemic ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Perioperative Anticoagulation Management | Management of perioperative anticoagulation requires an interprofessional approach to determine the duration and discontinuation of temporary interrup ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Phencyclidine Toxicity | Phencyclidine (PCP) is a dissociative anesthetic that is a commonly used recreational drug. PCP is a crystalline powder that can be ingested orally, i ... Read the Article | 1 | 10 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Phenobarbital | Phenobarbital is included in a class of drugs called barbiturates. This drug can be used for anti-seizure management, treatment for status epilepticus ... Read the Article | 1 | 12 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Phenol Nerve Block | It was not until 1926 that the use of phenol as a neurolytic agent was described by Doppler et al., followed by a description of intrathecal injection ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Phenol Toxicity | Phenol is a historical disinfectant with continued use in industry, laboratories, and some health care settings. Phenol is a protoplasmic poison that ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Phenytoin | Phenytoin is a medication used in the management and treatment of epilepsy, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, complex partial seizures, and status ep ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 19 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Phenytoin Toxicity | Phenytoin has become one of the most well-studied anticonvulsants. With an average monthly cost of $30, it has also become one of the most widely used ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Photosensitivity | Photosensitivity refers to various symptoms, diseases, and photodermatoses caused or exacerbated by exposure to sunlight. Photosensitive conditions ar ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Phototherapy | Phototherapy is an effective treatment modality for several diseases. It can be used to treat neonatal jaundice and mostly used to treat various commo ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Physostigmine | Physostigmine is a medication most commonly used in the management and treatment of antimuscarinic toxicity as well as glaucoma. This article will hig ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Polymyxin | Polymyxins are a class of medications used in the management and treatment of systemic infections caused by susceptible strains of multidrug-resistant ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Polypharmacy | The term polypharmacy refers to the use of 5 or more medications, based on a review of current data. Aging places individuals at risk of multi-morbidi ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Positive End-Expiratory Pressure | Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is a value that can be set up in patients receiving invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation. This acti ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Potassium Iodide | Potassium Iodide (KI) has effects in the production of thyroid hormone and is useful in treating conditions related to thyroid hormone, especially sev ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pralidoxime | Pralidoxime is a medication used in the management and treatment of organophosphate poisoning. It is in the oxime class of drugs. This activity outlin ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pravastatin | Pravastatin is a medication used in the management and treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, and mixed dyslipidemia. It falls und ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Prazosin | Prazosin is a medication used in the management and treatment of hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia, PTSD associated nightmares, and Raynaud p ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Procaine | Procaine is a medication used for analgesia before a procedural intervention. It is in the local anesthetics class of drugs. This activity reviews the ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Prochlorperazine | Prochlorperazine is a first-generation antipsychotic. FDA indications include schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and other conditions presenting with sym ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Promethazine | Promethazine is a medication used in the management and treatment of allergic conditions, nausea and vomiting, motion sickness, and sedation. It also ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Protamine | Protamine is a medication used to reverse and neutralize the anticoagulant effects of heparin. Protamine is the specific antagonist that neutralizes ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Prothrombin Complex Concentrate | Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) comes from the process of ion-exchange chromatography from the cryoprecipitate supernatant of large plasma pools ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Protriptyline | Protriptyline hydrochloride is a tricyclic antidepressant used to improve mood in people with depression. It is also useful in treating anxiety. It is ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pseudotumor Cerebri | Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC), also known by the name idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), is a disorder with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) ... Read the Article | 1 | 10 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Psychosis | Psychosis is a loose description of an amalgamation of psychological symptoms resulting in a loss of contact with reality. It is thought that although ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pterygium | Pterygium is a common ocular surface disorder. There is a lack of consensus among ophthalmologists about the optimal medical and surgical management o ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pulmonary Edema | Pulmonary edema is defined as an abnormal accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung parenchyma. Two main types are cardiogenic and noncardiogen ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pupillary Light Reflex | Eyes allow visualization of the world by receiving and processing the energy of light as it enters the eye. This light interacts with the structures a ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Quinidine | Quinidine is one of the oldest known antiarrhythmics; an interprofessional approach is necessary when using this drug, including specialties such as c ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Radiation Enteritis | Radiation enteritis is damage to small and/or large intestine secondary to radiation. Different terms like radiation colitis, radiation enteropathy, r ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Radiation Syndrome | Prolonged or significant exposure to ionizing radiation can result in acute radiation syndrome (ARS). The National Council on Radiation Protection and ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Radon Toxicity | Radon toxicity is one of the leading causes of lung cancers in non-smokers. It is a radioactive gas that is naturally occurring in the environment and ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Rattle Snake Toxicity | Rattlesnakes are found throughout the Americas and include snakes in the genera Crotalus and Sistrurus. They are also known as pit vipers, lanceheads, ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Regional Anesthetic Blocks | A regional block is a specific anesthetic technique that inhibits nerve transmission to avoid or relieve pain. This activity reviews the indications, ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Ricin Toxicity | Ricin is a naturally occurring carbohydrate-binding protein produced in the seeds of ricinus communis, the plant that produces castor oil. It is toxic ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Rifampin | Rifampin is a medication used in the management and treatment of various mycobacterial and gram-positive bacterial infections. It belongs to the antim ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Rivaroxaban | Rivaroxaban is used for treatment and management venous thromboembolism as a postoperative thromboprophylaxis for patients undergoing orthopedic surge ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Rodenticide Toxicity | Rodenticides or “rat poisons” are mixed compounds used to eradicate rodents. They are one of the most toxic agents commonly found in households. Histo ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Ropivacaine | Ropivacaine is FDA-approved for surgical anesthesia and acute pain management. It is used in an epidural block for surgery—such as cesarean sections. ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Salicylates Toxicity | Salicylate toxicity is a medical emergency. Intentional ingestion or accidental overdose can cause severe metabolic derangements, making treatment dif ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 19 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Salmeterol | Salmeterol is a medication used in the management and treatment of asthma and COPD. It is in the beta-2 adrenergic agonist class medications. This act ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Schizencephaly | Schizencephaly is a rare congenital neuronal migration disorder characterized by cleft lined by the heterotopic gray matter, which connects the surfac ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Scopolamine | Scopolamine is a medication used in the management and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and motion sickness. It is in the anticho ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Scorpion Toxicity | Scorpions are a common arthropod found on every continent except Antarctica. Scorpions may use their long, flexible tails to sting potential predators ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Sea Snake Toxicity | Sea snakes, thought to the most abundant venomous reptiles on the planet, are found in the warm, tropical waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans but ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Sea Urchin Toxicity | Sea urchin envenomation occurs when a sea urchin spine penetrates the soft tissue of the victim. Frequently spines break off and remain in the soft ti ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Seabathers Eruption | Seabather's eruption (SBE), also known as sea lice, is a pruritic dermatitis found in a bathing suit distribution and at sites of friction after bathi ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Toxicity | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed antidepressants. Other clinical indications for SSRI use include anxiety disor ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of medications that are most commonly prescribed for the treatment of depression. They are ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Selenium | Selenium is a trace metal supplement used in the management and treatment of selenium deficiency. This activity reviews the indications, contraindicat ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Serotonin Syndrome | Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening condition precipitated by the use of serotonergic drugs. It may be a consequence of therapeutic m ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 15 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Shellfish Allergy | Shellfish allergies can occur due to immunologic or non-immunological processes, and individuals may react to crustaceans, such as crab or shrimp, or ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Shellfish Toxicity | Shellfish toxins are often associated with the presence of harmful algal blooms, when toxins can accumulate in shellfish and cause disease in humans. ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Skin Resurfacing Chemical Peels | Skin resurfacing with a chemical peel aims to restore a more youthful and rested appearance to the aging face. This activity reviews the evaluation a ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Snake Toxicity | Venomous snakes inflict considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide, although specific data on the total number of venomous snakebites globally are ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Sodium Bicarbonate | Sodium bicarbonate is a medication used in the management and treatment of multiple disease pathologies. It is a general chemical compound by classifi ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Sodium Channel Blocker Toxicity | Medications that act by sodium channel blockade have a wide variety of clinical applications. Broadly they include Vaughn Williams Class 1 antiarrhyth ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Sodium Nitroprusside | Sodium nitroprusside is a medication used in the management of acute hypertension. It is a potent vasodilator and is administered as an IV infusion wi ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 15 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Spina Bifida | Spina Bifida is a generalized term for the neurologic condition resulting from the failure of neural tube closure of varying degrees during fetal deve ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 14 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| St. John's Wort | St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) is an invasive, flowering plant native to Europe and Asia. It is also known as Amber, Goatweed, Hardhay, and o ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Stevens Johnson Syndrome | Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are acute, rare and potentially fatal skin reactions involving loss of skin and in some cases ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 15 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Stimulants | The term stimulants cover a broad class of drugs that increase the activity of the central nervous system. These drugs are used by a very high percent ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 3 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Stingray Sting | Stingray envenomations are common injuries. Practitioners should recognize that these injuries vary in level of severity and clinical concern should v ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Strychnine Toxicity | Strychnine has been used for years as a medicinal remedy for a broad range of complaints. Strychnine is responsible for inhibiting postsynaptic glycin ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Substance Induced Mood Disorders | Substance-induced disorders include, among other disorders, substance/medication-induced mental disorders. Substance/medication-induced mental disorde ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Substance Use In Pregnancy | Substance use disorder (SUD) in pregnancy is a growing concern in the United States. Patients with substance use disorders in the peripartum period fa ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency | Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency is an autosomal recessive-inherited inborn error of metabolism with rare occurrence. Although i ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Sulfonylureas | Sulfonylureas represent a class of medications utilized in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This activity outlines the indications, mechanis ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Supertrochlear Nerve Block | The supratrochlear nerve block is a special procedure, which can be utilized to relieve pain in the mid-forehead region. It can provide anesthesia for ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Sympathomimetic Toxicity | Stimulants have been abused for hundreds, if not thousands, of years because they can increase a person's ability to maintain focus and work for longe ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Tachypnea | Tachypnea is defined as a breathing rate that is higher than the normal breathing rate. This condition is seen in both the physiologic state as well a ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Tarantula Spider Toxicity | Tarantula toxicity is a rare occurrence. There are over 900 species of tarantula, and they are popular as pets. While tarantulas do possess venom, the ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Tardive Dyskinesia | Tardive dyskinesia is a syndrome that includes a group of iatrogenic movement disorders caused by the blockade of dopamine receptors. The movement dis ... Read the Article | 1 | 12 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Tear Gas and Pepper Spray Toxicity | Tear gas and pepper spray are lay terms to describe a group of agents used to subdue combative persons in a non-lethal manner. The three most commonly ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Tetanus | Tetanus is an infection characterized by muscle spasms and lockjaw, also called trismus. Toxins produced by Clostridium tetani are responsible for the ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 17 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Tetracycline | Tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, tigecycline) are a class of medication used in the management and treatment of a variety of bac ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) | THC or Tetrahydrocannabinol is the major psychoactive component and one of the 113 cannabinoids recognized in cannabis. A synthetic formulation of THC ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Tetrodotoxin Toxicity | Tetrodotoxin is a neurotoxin most commonly found in marine animals. It is famous for causing perioral numbness in consumers of pufferfish. Because the ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Thalidomide | Thalidomide is a medication used in the management and treatment of advanced leprosy and multiple myeloma as well as various other solid and hematolog ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Thallium Toxicity | Thallium is a tasteless, odorless, and water-soluble chemical element for which both accidental intoxication and criminal poisoning have been reported ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Theophylline | Theophylline is a medication used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a second-line drug. It is a bronchodilator. ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Theophylline Toxicity | Around the world, theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine) is primarily used as a bronchodilator for patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Tick Paralysis | Tick paralysis is an uncommon, noninfectious, neurologic syndrome characterized by acute ataxia that progresses to ascending paralysis. It is caused b ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Tinnitus | Tinnitus is classicaly described as the presence of high pitched ringing or buzzing that is usually only audible to the affected individual. Most tinn ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Topiramate | Topiramate is a medication used in the management and treatment of epilepsy and migraine. It is in the second-generation anti-epileptic drugs class of ... Read the Article | 1 | 12 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Toxic and Nutritional Optic Neuropathy | Toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy both present with symmetric and progressive bilateral vision loss, decreased color vision, central or cecocentr ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Toxicodendron Toxicity | Toxicodendron toxicity is caused by plants within the Anacardiaceae family. It includes plants such as poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac and is the ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Toxicology, V-Series Nerve Agents | V-Series nerve agents are organophosphate esters that are used as chemical weapons. They are extremely potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Biologi ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Tracheal Injury | Tracheal injury is an uncommon occurrence seen primarily after healthcare procedures, blunt and penetrating trauma, and caustic inhalations. Damage to ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Tricyclic Antidepressant Toxicity | Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were introduced in the late 1950s for the treatment of depression. With the advent of selective serotonin reuptake in ... Read the Article | 1 | 12 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Trigger Point Injection | Myofascial trigger points are focal "knots" located in a taut band of skeletal muscle first described by Dr. Janet Travell in 1942. Trigger points may ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Trihexyphenidyl | Trihexyphenidyl works as an anticholinergic and is used for the treatment of tremors, spasms, stiffness, and weak muscle control seen in patients with ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Tropicamide | Tropicamide is a safe drug used for pupillary dilation prior to a comprehensive eye exam or ocular procedure. Dilation is also necessary for specific ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Valproate Toxicity | Valproate is a commonly prescribed anticonvulsant used in the treatment of seizure and bipolar disorders. Valproate has also been utilized for the tre ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Valproic Acid | Valproic acid is an anticonvulsive and mood stabilizer medication. It is extensively used in the adult population for the treatment of convulsions, mi ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Vecuronium | Vecuronium bromide is an FDA approved peripherally acting, monoquarternary, steroidal, non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker with an intermediate dur ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Vinca Alkaloid Toxicity | Vinca alkaloids, which belong to a class of cell cycle phase M specific anti-tubulin agents are one of the first plant alkaloids to be developed for u ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Vinyl Chloride Toxicity | Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is an IARC group 1 carcinogen known to cause hepatic angiosarcoma (HAS) in highly exposed industrial workers. VCM is a co ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Vitamin A Toxicity | Vitamin A toxicity can due to either topical or oral vitamin A administration. Oral vitamin A toxicity can be acute, due to the ingestion of a large a ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) | Riboflavin is a medication used in the management and treatment of deficiency of vitamin B2. It is part of the B complex group of vitamins. This activ ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) | Pyridoxine is a vitamin and a medication used in the treatment of vitamin B6 deficiency, as well as the management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Vitamin B6 Deficiency | Water-soluble vitamin B6 is widely present in many foods, including meat, fish, nuts, beans, grains, fruits and vegetables. As a coenzyme, vitamin B6 ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Vitamin B6 Toxicity | This activity describes the toxicity associated with vitamin B6 at higher doses. It explains in detail the pathophysiology and toxicokinetics of vitam ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Vitamin C Deficiency | Vitamin C deficiency, also known as scurvy, is a disease primarily associated with socioeconomic status and access to food. Signs and symptoms are oft ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 16 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Warfarin Drug Interactions | Warfarin has FDA approval for the prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis and its complications, such as a pulmonary embolus. It is also indica ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Warfarin Toxicity | Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist used as an anticoagulant used for treatment and prevention of a variety of coagulopathic and thromboembolic disorde ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Water Moccasin Snake Toxicity | The cottonmouth or water moccasin, Agkistrodon piscivorus, is a semi-aquatic pit viper found throughout the southeastern United States and into east T ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Wernicke Encephalopathy | Wernicke encephalopathy is an acute neurological condition characterized by a clinical triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and confusion. This disease i ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Withdrawal Syndromes | Withdrawal from drugs and alcohol is a common medical problem. Presentation may vary based on the frequency, duration, and quantity that was typically ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Zinc Toxicity | Zinc is an important cofactor in the body and is essential for normal function; however, increased levels of zinc can become toxic. There are three ty ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Zolmitriptan | Zolmitriptan is a medication used in the management and treatment of acute migraine. It is in the triptan class of drugs. This activity describes the ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Zolpidem | Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine receptor modulator primarily used in the FDA approved short-term treatment of insomnia aimed at patients with difficu ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |