Pediatric-Nephrology CME
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Pediatric-Nephrology Articles (222)
Featured Activities
Pediatric-Nephrology Activities
| Title | Description | Hours | Questions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acrodynia | Acrodynia is a rare disorder caused due to chronic mercury poisoning or idiosyncrasy to mercury. It is a Greek term that means 'painful extremities.' ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Acrodynia | Acrodynia is a rare disorder caused due to chronic mercury poisoning or idiosyncrasy to mercury. It is a Greek term that means 'painful extremities.' ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Acute Cystitis | Urinary tract infections are the most common bacterial infection in women, and result in roughly eight million emergency department or clinic visits a ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity DO |
| Acute Cystitis | Urinary tract infections are the most common bacterial infection in women, and result in roughly eight million emergency department or clinic visits a ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity MD/PA |
| Acute Kidney Injury | Acute kidney injury, previously known as acute renal failure, denotes a sudden and often reversible reduction in the kidney function, as measured by ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 16 | Activity DO |
| Acute Kidney Injury | Acute kidney injury, previously known as acute renal failure, denotes a sudden and often reversible reduction in the kidney function, as measured by ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 16 | Activity MD/PA |
| Acute Pyelonephritis | Acute pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection causing inflammation of the kidneys. Pyelonephritis occurs as a complication of an ascending urinary tra ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity DO |
| Acute Pyelonephritis | Acute pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection causing inflammation of the kidneys. Pyelonephritis occurs as a complication of an ascending urinary tra ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity MD/PA |
| Acute Renal Tubular Necrosis | The most common intrinsic cause of acute kidney injury is acute tubular necrosis. Acute tubular necrosis is most common in hospitalized patients and c ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity DO |
| Acute Renal Tubular Necrosis | The most common intrinsic cause of acute kidney injury is acute tubular necrosis. Acute tubular necrosis is most common in hospitalized patients and c ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA |
| Acyclovir | Acyclovir is a medication used in the management and treatment of infections caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). It is FDA approved to treat gen ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity DO |
| Acyclovir | Acyclovir is a medication used in the management and treatment of infections caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). It is FDA approved to treat gen ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA |
| Alport Syndrome | Alport syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by kidney disease, loss of hearing, and eye abnormalities. It takes place due to an abnormality o ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Alport Syndrome | Alport syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by kidney disease, loss of hearing, and eye abnormalities. It takes place due to an abnormality o ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Analgesic Nephropathy | Analgesic nephropathy is chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis caused by chronic use of analgesics such as acetaminophen, aspirin, and NSAIDs as the pr ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Analgesic Nephropathy | Analgesic nephropathy is chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis caused by chronic use of analgesics such as acetaminophen, aspirin, and NSAIDs as the pr ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Aniridia | Aniridia is defined as a partial or complete absence of the iris. It may be associated with various systemic disorders and multiple ocular morbidities ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Aniridia | Aniridia is defined as a partial or complete absence of the iris. It may be associated with various systemic disorders and multiple ocular morbidities ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Azathioprine | Azathioprine (AZA) is a medication used in the management and treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the prevention of kidney transplant r ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Azathioprine | Azathioprine (AZA) is a medication used in the management and treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the prevention of kidney transplant r ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Bartter Syndrome | Bartter syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder of salt reabsorption resulting in extracellular fluid volume depletion with low/normal blood press ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Bartter Syndrome | Bartter syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder of salt reabsorption resulting in extracellular fluid volume depletion with low/normal blood press ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome | Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome is the most common overgrowth syndrome. It is a genetic imprinting disorder, and it can present as a wide and varied clini ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity DO |
| Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome | Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome is the most common overgrowth syndrome. It is a genetic imprinting disorder, and it can present as a wide and varied clini ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity MD/PA |
| Berger Disease | Berger disease is a common cause of primary glomerulonephritis and it involves the deposition of IgA in the glomerular mesangium. It is a cause of pro ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity DO |
| Berger Disease | Berger disease is a common cause of primary glomerulonephritis and it involves the deposition of IgA in the glomerular mesangium. It is a cause of pro ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA |
| Cadmium Toxicity | Cadmium is a heavy metal that causes direct harm to humans in several forms. It is regularly found with other heavy metals such as zinc, copper, and ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Cadmium Toxicity | Cadmium is a heavy metal that causes direct harm to humans in several forms. It is regularly found with other heavy metals such as zinc, copper, and ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Carnitine Deficiency | Carnitine deficiency is a condition characterized by low carnitine levels in the body. Carnitine deficiency could be primary (due to defect in carniti ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity DO |
| Carnitine Deficiency | Carnitine deficiency is a condition characterized by low carnitine levels in the body. Carnitine deficiency could be primary (due to defect in carniti ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity MD/PA |
| Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome | Cerebral salt wasting (CSW) is a potential cause of hyponatremia in the setting of disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Cerebral salt wasting ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity DO |
| Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome | Cerebral salt wasting (CSW) is a potential cause of hyponatremia in the setting of disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Cerebral salt wasting ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA |
| Chronic Kidney Transplant Rejection | Kidney transplantation is currently the definitive treatment for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Compared to dialysis, kidney transpla ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Chronic Kidney Transplant Rejection | Kidney transplantation is currently the definitive treatment for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Compared to dialysis, kidney transpla ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Cinacalcet | Cinacalcet is a medication used in the management and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (on dialysis population), primary hyperparathyroidism ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Cinacalcet | Cinacalcet is a medication used in the management and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (on dialysis population), primary hyperparathyroidism ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Cloacal Malformations | Cloacal malformations are rare congenital anomalies characterized by a confluence of the gastrointestinal, genital, and urologic systems which exits t ... Read the Article | 1 | 3 | Activity DO |
| Cloacal Malformations | Cloacal malformations are rare congenital anomalies characterized by a confluence of the gastrointestinal, genital, and urologic systems which exits t ... Read the Article | 1 | 3 | Activity MD/PA |
| Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia | Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive disease emerging from mutations of genes for enzymes that lead to the production of glu ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity DO |
| Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia | Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive disease emerging from mutations of genes for enzymes that lead to the production of glu ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA |
| Corticosteroid Adverse Effects | Corticosteroids are hormone mediators produced by the cortex of adrenal glands that further categorize into glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and a ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Corticosteroid Adverse Effects | Corticosteroids are hormone mediators produced by the cortex of adrenal glands that further categorize into glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and a ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Cystic Kidney Disease | Cystic kidney diseases are multisystemic disorders that can develop due to genetic or non-genetic causes in children and adults. These can be a seriou ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity DO |
| Cystic Kidney Disease | Cystic kidney diseases are multisystemic disorders that can develop due to genetic or non-genetic causes in children and adults. These can be a seriou ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity MD/PA |
| Cystinuria | Cystine stones are due to an inherited defect in the transport of the amino acid cystine leading to excessive excretion in the kidney causing cystinur ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Cystinuria | Cystine stones are due to an inherited defect in the transport of the amino acid cystine leading to excessive excretion in the kidney causing cystinur ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Cytomegalovirus | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a wide-spread virus, with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe end-organ dysfunction in immunocompromised patie ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity DO |
| Cytomegalovirus | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a wide-spread virus, with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe end-organ dysfunction in immunocompromised patie ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity MD/PA |
| Deferoxamine | Deferoxamine is a medication used in Iron and aluminum toxicity. It is in the chelator class of drugs. This activity reviews the indications, mechanis ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity DO |
| Deferoxamine | Deferoxamine is a medication used in Iron and aluminum toxicity. It is in the chelator class of drugs. This activity reviews the indications, mechanis ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA |
| Diabetes Insipidus | Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disease process that results in either decreased release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also known as vasopressin or AVP) ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 16 | Activity DO |
| Diabetes Insipidus | Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disease process that results in either decreased release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also known as vasopressin or AVP) ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 16 | Activity MD/PA |
| Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli | Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a bacterial infection resulting in bloody dysentery and an increased risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome (H ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli | Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a bacterial infection resulting in bloody dysentery and an increased risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome (H ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Erythropoietin | Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone, naturally produced by the peritubular cells of the kidney, that stimulates red blood cell production. ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity DO |
| Erythropoietin | Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone, naturally produced by the peritubular cells of the kidney, that stimulates red blood cell production. ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA |
| Essential Hypertension | The current definition of hypertension (HTN) is systolic blood pressure (SBP) values of 130mmHg or more and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) more tha ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 19 | Activity DO |
| Essential Hypertension | The current definition of hypertension (HTN) is systolic blood pressure (SBP) values of 130mmHg or more and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) more tha ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 19 | Activity MD/PA |
| Ethylene Glycol Toxicity | Ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is a toxic alcohol that is found in various household and industrial agents. Ethylene glycol exposure can be extremely danger ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity DO |
| Ethylene Glycol Toxicity | Ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is a toxic alcohol that is found in various household and industrial agents. Ethylene glycol exposure can be extremely danger ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity MD/PA |
| Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a medication used in the management and treatment of heavy metal toxicity. It is in the chelating class of d ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity DO |
| Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a medication used in the management and treatment of heavy metal toxicity. It is in the chelating class of d ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity MD/PA |
| Fabry Disease | Fabry disease is a multi-systemic, X-linked recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by decreased activity of alpha-galactosidase A and results in l ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity DO |
| Fabry Disease | Fabry disease is a multi-systemic, X-linked recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by decreased activity of alpha-galactosidase A and results in l ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity MD/PA |
| Fanconi Syndrome | Fanconi syndrome, not to be confused with Fanconi anemia, is a defect of the proximal tubule that prevents the absorption of electrolytes and other su ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Fanconi Syndrome | Fanconi syndrome, not to be confused with Fanconi anemia, is a defect of the proximal tubule that prevents the absorption of electrolytes and other su ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Fluid Management | Hospitalized patients often have conditions that impair their ability to regulate their hydration status. Improper fluid management leads to significa ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity DO |
| Fluid Management | Hospitalized patients often have conditions that impair their ability to regulate their hydration status. Improper fluid management leads to significa ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity MD/PA |
| Gadolinium Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Contrast agents are pharmaceuticals that increase the information content of diagnostic images. They serve to improve the sensitivity and specificity ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Gadolinium Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Contrast agents are pharmaceuticals that increase the information content of diagnostic images. They serve to improve the sensitivity and specificity ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Gitelman Syndrome | Gitelman syndrome is a salt-losing tubulopathy caused by mutation of genes encoding sodium chloride (NCCT) and magnesium transporters in the thiazide- ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Gitelman Syndrome | Gitelman syndrome is a salt-losing tubulopathy caused by mutation of genes encoding sodium chloride (NCCT) and magnesium transporters in the thiazide- ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Glomerulonephritis | The term "glomerulonephritis" encompasses a subset of renal diseases characterized by immune-mediated damage to the basement membrane, mesangium, or t ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 14 | Activity DO |
| Glomerulonephritis | The term "glomerulonephritis" encompasses a subset of renal diseases characterized by immune-mediated damage to the basement membrane, mesangium, or t ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 14 | Activity MD/PA |
| Goodpasture Syndrome | Goodpasture syndrome also referred to as anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease, is an autoimmune disease that affects both the kidneys ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity DO |
| Goodpasture Syndrome | Goodpasture syndrome also referred to as anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease, is an autoimmune disease that affects both the kidneys ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity MD/PA |
| Hartnup Disease | Hartnup disease is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting in impaired functioning of transport protein in intestines and kidneys. This results in w ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Hartnup Disease | Hartnup disease is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting in impaired functioning of transport protein in intestines and kidneys. This results in w ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Hematuria | Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine. Hematuria can be gross or microscopic; gross hematuria is visible blood in urine whereas microscopic ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity DO |
| Hematuria | Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine. Hematuria can be gross or microscopic; gross hematuria is visible blood in urine whereas microscopic ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity MD/PA |
| Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome | Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by the presence of the triad of symptoms: thrombocytopenia, acute renal im ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity DO |
| Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome | Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by the presence of the triad of symptoms: thrombocytopenia, acute renal im ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity MD/PA |
| Henoch Schönlein Purpura | Henoch-Schönlein purpura is an IgA-mediated immune vasculitis involving the small vessels of the joints, kidneys, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, skin, a ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Henoch Schönlein Purpura | Henoch-Schönlein purpura is an IgA-mediated immune vasculitis involving the small vessels of the joints, kidneys, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, skin, a ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Hepatitis B Vaccine | The hepatitis B vaccine is a medication used in the prevention of hepatitis B infection, which can lead to chronic liver failure and hepatocellular ca ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity DO |
| Hepatitis B Vaccine | The hepatitis B vaccine is a medication used in the prevention of hepatitis B infection, which can lead to chronic liver failure and hepatocellular ca ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity MD/PA |
| Hepatitis C | Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health problem affecting 185 million people worldwide. The percentage of people who are seropositive for ant ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 24 | Activity DO |
| Hepatitis C | Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health problem affecting 185 million people worldwide. The percentage of people who are seropositive for ant ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 24 | Activity MD/PA |
| Horseshoe Kidney | Horseshoe kidneys are the most common fusion defect of the kidneys occurring in approximately 1:500 individuals. They are characterized by abnormaliti ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity DO |
| Horseshoe Kidney | Horseshoe kidneys are the most common fusion defect of the kidneys occurring in approximately 1:500 individuals. They are characterized by abnormaliti ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA |
| Hydronephrosis And Hydroureter | Hydronephrosis and hydroureter result from obstruction of urine flow in the urinary system at the renal pelvis and ureter level, respectively. This is ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Hydronephrosis And Hydroureter | Hydronephrosis and hydroureter result from obstruction of urine flow in the urinary system at the renal pelvis and ureter level, respectively. This is ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Hypercalciuria | Hypercalciuria is generally considered to be the most common identifiable metabolic risk factor for calcium nephrolithiasis. It also contributes to os ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Hypercalciuria | Hypercalciuria is generally considered to be the most common identifiable metabolic risk factor for calcium nephrolithiasis. It also contributes to os ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Hyperchloremic Acidosis | Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis is a pathological state that results from bicarbonate loss, rather than acid production or retention. Bicarbonate lo ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Hyperchloremic Acidosis | Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis is a pathological state that results from bicarbonate loss, rather than acid production or retention. Bicarbonate lo ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Hyperkalemia | Hyperkalemia is defined as a serum or plasma potassium level above the upper limits of normal, usually greater than 5.0 mEq/L to 5.5 mEq/L. While mild ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity DO |
| Hyperkalemia | Hyperkalemia is defined as a serum or plasma potassium level above the upper limits of normal, usually greater than 5.0 mEq/L to 5.5 mEq/L. While mild ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity MD/PA |
| Hyperphosphatemia | This article summarises the basics of Hyperphosphatemia, including its pathophysiology, evaluation, and management. Though this condition is seen more ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Hyperphosphatemia | This article summarises the basics of Hyperphosphatemia, including its pathophysiology, evaluation, and management. Though this condition is seen more ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Hypokalemia | One of the most common electrolyte disturbances seen in clinical practice is hypokalemia. Hypokalemia is more prevalent than hyperkalemia, and most ca ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity DO |
| Hypokalemia | One of the most common electrolyte disturbances seen in clinical practice is hypokalemia. Hypokalemia is more prevalent than hyperkalemia, and most ca ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity MD/PA |
| Hypomagnesemia | Magnesium is an important electrolyte. It is a key part of many reactions that occur in the human body, affecting cellular function, nerve conduction, ... Read the Article | 1 | 3 | Activity DO |
| Hypomagnesemia | Magnesium is an important electrolyte. It is a key part of many reactions that occur in the human body, affecting cellular function, nerve conduction, ... Read the Article | 1 | 3 | Activity MD/PA |
| Hypomelanosis of Ito | Hypomelanosis of Ito (HI), or pigmentary mosaicism, was previously named incontinentia pigmenti achromians. The disease is currently named hypomelanos ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity DO |
| Hypomelanosis of Ito | Hypomelanosis of Ito (HI), or pigmentary mosaicism, was previously named incontinentia pigmenti achromians. The disease is currently named hypomelanos ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity MD/PA |
| Hypophosphatemia | Given its widespread role in nearly every molecular, cellular function, aberrations in serum phosphate levels can be highly impactful. Hypophosphatemi ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Hypophosphatemia | Given its widespread role in nearly every molecular, cellular function, aberrations in serum phosphate levels can be highly impactful. Hypophosphatemi ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Hypospadias | Hypospadias is an anatomical congenital malformation of the male external genitalia. It is characterized by abnormal development of the urethral fold ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Hypospadias | Hypospadias is an anatomical congenital malformation of the male external genitalia. It is characterized by abnormal development of the urethral fold ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemorrhage | Idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage is a rare condition caused by bleeding into the lower respiratory tract, usually the alveoli. Its classical presentati ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemorrhage | Idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage is a rare condition caused by bleeding into the lower respiratory tract, usually the alveoli. Its classical presentati ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Ifosfamide | Ifosfamide is a cytotoxic medication used in the management and treatment of various cancers such as lymphomas, sarcomas, and lung cancers. It is in t ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Ifosfamide | Ifosfamide is a cytotoxic medication used in the management and treatment of various cancers such as lymphomas, sarcomas, and lung cancers. It is in t ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| IgA Nephropathy | IgA nephropathy is a common form of glomerulonephritis caused by the deposition of IgA immunoglobulins in the glomerular basement membrane. Immune-med ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity DO |
| IgA Nephropathy | IgA nephropathy is a common form of glomerulonephritis caused by the deposition of IgA immunoglobulins in the glomerular basement membrane. Immune-med ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity MD/PA |
| Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors | Tumors in the spine comprise about 15 percent of all central nervous system tumors. They usually are benign and cause symptoms primarily via compressi ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity DO |
| Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors | Tumors in the spine comprise about 15 percent of all central nervous system tumors. They usually are benign and cause symptoms primarily via compressi ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity MD/PA |
| Isopropanol Toxicity | Isopropanol, or isopropyl alcohol, is a clear, colorless liquid that emits an odor that resembles acetone. It is a commercially available product main ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Isopropanol Toxicity | Isopropanol, or isopropyl alcohol, is a clear, colorless liquid that emits an odor that resembles acetone. It is a commercially available product main ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Kidney Transplantation | Kidney transplantation is performed to prolong and improve the lives of those with end-stage renal disease. Open and laparoscopic surgery are the two ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity DO |
| Kidney Transplantation | Kidney transplantation is performed to prolong and improve the lives of those with end-stage renal disease. Open and laparoscopic surgery are the two ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity MD/PA |
| Kidney Trauma | Renal trauma can result in injury to the parenchyma or the renal vasculature which can cause bleeding or injury to the collecting system with possible ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity DO |
| Kidney Trauma | Renal trauma can result in injury to the parenchyma or the renal vasculature which can cause bleeding or injury to the collecting system with possible ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity MD/PA |
| Left Renal Vein Obstruction | Left renal vein obstruction, also known as Nutcracker phenomenon (NCP), occurs due to the external compression of the left renal vein (LRV) in between ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Left Renal Vein Obstruction | Left renal vein obstruction, also known as Nutcracker phenomenon (NCP), occurs due to the external compression of the left renal vein (LRV) in between ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Leptospirosis | Leptospirosis, also called Weil disease, is the most common zoonotic infection in the world. Leptospirosis is caused by an infection with the spiroche ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity DO |
| Leptospirosis | Leptospirosis, also called Weil disease, is the most common zoonotic infection in the world. Leptospirosis is caused by an infection with the spiroche ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity MD/PA |
| Medullary Sponge Kidney | Medullary sponge kidney is a benign congenital abnormality that was first described in 1939. Anatomically it is characterized by cystic dilatation of ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity DO |
| Medullary Sponge Kidney | Medullary sponge kidney is a benign congenital abnormality that was first described in 1939. Anatomically it is characterized by cystic dilatation of ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity MD/PA |
| Methanol Toxicity | Methanol (CH3OH) is a toxic alcohol that is found in various household and industrial agents. Methanol exposure can be extremely dangerous, with signi ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 23 | Activity DO |
| Methanol Toxicity | Methanol (CH3OH) is a toxic alcohol that is found in various household and industrial agents. Methanol exposure can be extremely dangerous, with signi ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 23 | Activity MD/PA |
| Minimal Change Disease | Minimal change disease (MCD), is one of the most common causes of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children. In the past, MCD was given the labels "ni ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity DO |
| Minimal Change Disease | Minimal change disease (MCD), is one of the most common causes of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children. In the past, MCD was given the labels "ni ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity MD/PA |
| Nail Patella Syndrome | Nail patella syndrome (NPS) is a rare multisystemic disease with a classic clinical tetrad of fingernail dysplasia, hypoplasia or absence of the patel ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity DO |
| Nail Patella Syndrome | Nail patella syndrome (NPS) is a rare multisystemic disease with a classic clinical tetrad of fingernail dysplasia, hypoplasia or absence of the patel ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA |
| Nephrotic Syndrome | Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a clinical syndrome defined by massive proteinuria (greater than 40 mg/m2 per hour) responsible for hypoalbuminemia (less t ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity DO |
| Nephrotic Syndrome | Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a clinical syndrome defined by massive proteinuria (greater than 40 mg/m2 per hour) responsible for hypoalbuminemia (less t ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity MD/PA |
| Nocturnal Enuresis | Enuresis refers to the involuntary loss of urine during sleep that occurs at least twice a week in children older than 5 years of age (or the developm ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Nocturnal Enuresis | Enuresis refers to the involuntary loss of urine during sleep that occurs at least twice a week in children older than 5 years of age (or the developm ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Normal Saline | Fluid therapy is a critical component of the clinical management of patients. It consists of colloid therapy as well as crystalloid therapy. The most ... Read the Article | 1 | 3 | Activity DO |
| Normal Saline | Fluid therapy is a critical component of the clinical management of patients. It consists of colloid therapy as well as crystalloid therapy. The most ... Read the Article | 1 | 3 | Activity MD/PA |
| Nutcracker Syndrome | Nutcracker syndrome is a venous compression syndrome involving the left renal vein. It is an uncommon, although possibly underdiagnosed, condition tha ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Nutcracker Syndrome | Nutcracker syndrome is a venous compression syndrome involving the left renal vein. It is an uncommon, although possibly underdiagnosed, condition tha ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Orthostatic Proteinuria | Orthostatic proteinuria, also known as postural proteinuria, is a condition where an abnormally large amount of protein is excreted in the urine when ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Orthostatic Proteinuria | Orthostatic proteinuria, also known as postural proteinuria, is a condition where an abnormally large amount of protein is excreted in the urine when ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria | Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare disease that presents clinically with a variety of nonspecific symptoms. It causes complications m ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity DO |
| Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria | Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare disease that presents clinically with a variety of nonspecific symptoms. It causes complications m ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity MD/PA |
| Patent Urachus | Patent urachus refers to a spectrum of umbilical disorders that result from the failure of involution of normal embryologic tissues that connect the d ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Patent Urachus | Patent urachus refers to a spectrum of umbilical disorders that result from the failure of involution of normal embryologic tissues that connect the d ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Pediatric Craniopharyngioma | Pediatric craniopharyngioma could be considered one of the most complex neurosurgical pathologies in the pediatric population. The tumor's proximity t ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Pediatric Craniopharyngioma | Pediatric craniopharyngioma could be considered one of the most complex neurosurgical pathologies in the pediatric population. The tumor's proximity t ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Pediatric Fluid Management | Dehydration occurs commonly in children and many times requires resuscitation. Fluid resuscitation is essential in the management of critically ill ch ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity DO |
| Pediatric Fluid Management | Dehydration occurs commonly in children and many times requires resuscitation. Fluid resuscitation is essential in the management of critically ill ch ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity MD/PA |
| Pelvic Kidney | The term pelvic kidney encompasses a range of anatomical abnormalities that occur when the kidney fails to rise from the pelvis in its metanephros sta ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity DO |
| Pelvic Kidney | The term pelvic kidney encompasses a range of anatomical abnormalities that occur when the kidney fails to rise from the pelvis in its metanephros sta ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity MD/PA |
| Peripheral Vascular Bypass | Peripheral vascular bypass (PVB) refers to surgical revision of blood flow to restore perfusion distal to an occluded or otherwise disrupted arterial ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity DO |
| Peripheral Vascular Bypass | Peripheral vascular bypass (PVB) refers to surgical revision of blood flow to restore perfusion distal to an occluded or otherwise disrupted arterial ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity MD/PA |
| Polycystic Kidney Disease Of Childhood | There are two inherited varieties of polycystic kidney disease (PKD): autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive pol ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity DO |
| Polycystic Kidney Disease Of Childhood | There are two inherited varieties of polycystic kidney disease (PKD): autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive pol ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA |
| Posterior Urethral Valve | This article contains a synopsis of the anatomy, embryology, and classification of posterior urethral valves with a brief discussion of the theories a ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Posterior Urethral Valve | This article contains a synopsis of the anatomy, embryology, and classification of posterior urethral valves with a brief discussion of the theories a ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Postobstructive Diuresis | Urinary retention is a relatively common urological problem encountered in both inpatient and outpatient settings. It should be high on the differenti ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Postobstructive Diuresis | Urinary retention is a relatively common urological problem encountered in both inpatient and outpatient settings. It should be high on the differenti ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Postoperative Fever | Postoperative fever is defined as a temperature higher than 38 C (or greater than 100.4 F) on two consecutive postoperative days or higher than 39 C ( ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Postoperative Fever | Postoperative fever is defined as a temperature higher than 38 C (or greater than 100.4 F) on two consecutive postoperative days or higher than 39 C ( ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis | Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) results from a bacterial infection that causes rapid deterioration of the kidney function due to an inflam ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity DO |
| Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis | Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) results from a bacterial infection that causes rapid deterioration of the kidney function due to an inflam ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity MD/PA |
| Potter Syndrome | Potter syndrome is a fatal congenital disorder characterized by the changes in physical appearances of neonate due to oligohydramnios caused by renal ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Potter Syndrome | Potter syndrome is a fatal congenital disorder characterized by the changes in physical appearances of neonate due to oligohydramnios caused by renal ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Primary Hyperaldosteronism | Primary hyperaldosteronism (PA) is an underdiagnosed cause of hypertension. The classic presentation of PA includes hypertension and hypokalemia. Howe ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity DO |
| Primary Hyperaldosteronism | Primary hyperaldosteronism (PA) is an underdiagnosed cause of hypertension. The classic presentation of PA includes hypertension and hypokalemia. Howe ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity MD/PA |
| Proteinuria | Proteinuria is a very common finding in outpatient as well as inpatient settings. Any such results warrant further investigation, especially in the se ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Proteinuria | Proteinuria is a very common finding in outpatient as well as inpatient settings. Any such results warrant further investigation, especially in the se ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Prune Belly Syndrome | Prune belly syndrome is a rare congenitally acquired disorder primarily characterized by the clinical triad of deficient abdominal musculature, crypto ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity DO |
| Prune Belly Syndrome | Prune belly syndrome is a rare congenitally acquired disorder primarily characterized by the clinical triad of deficient abdominal musculature, crypto ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity MD/PA |
| Pseudohypoparathyroidism | Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a rare disorder where patients are resistant to parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone resistance leads to hypocalcemia ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Pseudohypoparathyroidism | Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a rare disorder where patients are resistant to parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone resistance leads to hypocalcemia ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Pulseless Electrical Activity | Pulseless electrical activity (PEA), also known as electromechanical dissociation, is a clinical condition characterized by unresponsiveness and impal ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity DO |
| Pulseless Electrical Activity | Pulseless electrical activity (PEA), also known as electromechanical dissociation, is a clinical condition characterized by unresponsiveness and impal ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity MD/PA |
| Reflux Nephropathy | Reflux nephropathy (RN) often presents in early adulthood with various clinical manifestations of chronic kidney disease. Reflux nephropathy was previ ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity DO |
| Reflux Nephropathy | Reflux nephropathy (RN) often presents in early adulthood with various clinical manifestations of chronic kidney disease. Reflux nephropathy was previ ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity MD/PA |
| Renal Calculi | Renal calculi are a common cause of blood in the urine (hematuria) and pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. They occur in one in 11 people at some ti ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Renal Calculi | Renal calculi are a common cause of blood in the urine (hematuria) and pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. They occur in one in 11 people at some ti ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Renal Cyst | Renal cysts are the most common lesion of the kidney and are seen in approximately 40 percent of patients that undergo imaging studies involving the a ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Renal Cyst | Renal cysts are the most common lesion of the kidney and are seen in approximately 40 percent of patients that undergo imaging studies involving the a ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Renal Mass | Renal mass is an abnormal growth in the kidney. The majority of renal masses are benign; however, a significant number of them require further interve ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Renal Mass | Renal mass is an abnormal growth in the kidney. The majority of renal masses are benign; however, a significant number of them require further interve ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Renal Transplantation Rejection | Various factors merit consideration to match the donor kidney with the recipient, as the donor kidney act as an alloantigen. In general, when transpla ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity DO |
| Renal Transplantation Rejection | Various factors merit consideration to match the donor kidney with the recipient, as the donor kidney act as an alloantigen. In general, when transpla ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity MD/PA |
| Renal Tubular Acidosis | Kidneys play a pivotal role in maintaining the acid-base balance of body along with lungs, and they do so by reabsorbing filtered bicarbonate and remo ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity DO |
| Renal Tubular Acidosis | Kidneys play a pivotal role in maintaining the acid-base balance of body along with lungs, and they do so by reabsorbing filtered bicarbonate and remo ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity MD/PA |
| Renal Vein Thrombosis | Renal vein thrombosis (RVT), the presence of thrombus in the major renal veins or its tributaries, is a rare clinical entity. It can present acutely o ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Renal Vein Thrombosis | Renal vein thrombosis (RVT), the presence of thrombus in the major renal veins or its tributaries, is a rare clinical entity. It can present acutely o ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Serum Sickness | Serum sickness is a rare but important cause of fever, arthritis, and rash in both children and adults. This activity reviews the differences between ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity DO |
| Serum Sickness | Serum sickness is a rare but important cause of fever, arthritis, and rash in both children and adults. This activity reviews the differences between ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity MD/PA |
| Sickle Cell Trait | Sickle cell trait (SCT) is a benign condition in which the affected individual has only one abnormal hemoglobin beta gene allele. This is in contrast ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Sickle Cell Trait | Sickle cell trait (SCT) is a benign condition in which the affected individual has only one abnormal hemoglobin beta gene allele. This is in contrast ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Spina Bifida | Spina Bifida is a generalized term for the neurologic condition resulting from the failure of neural tube closure of varying degrees during fetal deve ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity DO |
| Spina Bifida | Spina Bifida is a generalized term for the neurologic condition resulting from the failure of neural tube closure of varying degrees during fetal deve ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity MD/PA |
| Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion | Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ADH release (SIADH) is a condition defined by the unsuppressed release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) fr ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity DO |
| Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion | Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ADH release (SIADH) is a condition defined by the unsuppressed release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) fr ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity MD/PA |
| Tuberous Sclerosis | Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder that affects multiple systems. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion and is characte ... Read the Article | 2 | 30 | Activity DO |
| Tuberous Sclerosis | Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder that affects multiple systems. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion and is characte ... Read the Article | 2 | 30 | Activity MD/PA |
| Ulcerative Colitis | Ulcerative colitis is an idiopathic inflammatory condition of the colon which results in diffuse friability and superficial erosions on the colonic wa ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 24 | Activity DO |
| Ulcerative Colitis | Ulcerative colitis is an idiopathic inflammatory condition of the colon which results in diffuse friability and superficial erosions on the colonic wa ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 24 | Activity MD/PA |
| Ureterolithiasis | Ureterolithiasis is a painful condition that affects millions of Americans each year. To avoid the high morbidity and mortality associated with this c ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Ureterolithiasis | Ureterolithiasis is a painful condition that affects millions of Americans each year. To avoid the high morbidity and mortality associated with this c ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction | Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is one of the most common causes of hydronephrosis in children. If it is left untreated, it might cause loss ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction | Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is one of the most common causes of hydronephrosis in children. If it is left untreated, it might cause loss ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Vesicoureteral Reflux | Retrograde urine flow from the bladder to the upper urinary tract is known as vesicoureteric reflux. This article illustrates the anatomy and pathophy ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Vesicoureteral Reflux | Retrograde urine flow from the bladder to the upper urinary tract is known as vesicoureteric reflux. This article illustrates the anatomy and pathophy ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Vinca Alkaloid Toxicity | Vinca alkaloids, which belong to a class of cell cycle phase M specific anti-tubulin agents are one of the first plant alkaloids to be developed for u ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity DO |
| Vinca Alkaloid Toxicity | Vinca alkaloids, which belong to a class of cell cycle phase M specific anti-tubulin agents are one of the first plant alkaloids to be developed for u ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA |
| Vitamin D | Vitamin D is labeled as the "sunshine vitamin," as it is produced in the skin on sun exposure. Vitamin D is required to maintain serum calcium concent ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Vitamin D | Vitamin D is labeled as the "sunshine vitamin," as it is produced in the skin on sun exposure. Vitamin D is required to maintain serum calcium concent ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Von Willebrand Disease | Von Willebrand disease is a bleeding disorder caused by the qualitative or quantitative deficiency of the pro-von Willebrand factor. Affected people m ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Von Willebrand Disease | Von Willebrand disease is a bleeding disorder caused by the qualitative or quantitative deficiency of the pro-von Willebrand factor. Affected people m ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome | Waterhouse Friderichsen syndrome is a rare but life-threatening disorder associated with bilateral adrenal hemorrhage. In many cases, it is caused by ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity DO |
| Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome | Waterhouse Friderichsen syndrome is a rare but life-threatening disorder associated with bilateral adrenal hemorrhage. In many cases, it is caused by ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA |
| Wilms Tumor | Wilms tumor, or nephroblastoma, is the most common pediatric renal cancer, the most common pediatric abdominal cancer, and the fourth most common pedi ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity DO |
| Wilms Tumor | Wilms tumor, or nephroblastoma, is the most common pediatric renal cancer, the most common pediatric abdominal cancer, and the fourth most common pedi ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity MD/PA |
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