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Stay up to date on the latest medical knowledge with this Pediatric-Cardiology activity. In this online self-assessment activity, you'll read our reference articles and test your knowledge with 198 activities in Pediatric-Cardiology for 184.25 total CME hours.
Cardiac echocardiography is a safe and non-invasive test that provides the clinical team with important cardiac function ...
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Hours: 1
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a genetic disorder affecting collagen formation and function. It affects virtually every ...
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Hours: 1
Diphtheria is a toxin-mediated infection caused by Corynebacterium species, primarily Corynebacterium diphtheria. It cau ...
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Hours: 1.25
Viral encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by a virus. It is the most common type of encephalitis ...
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Hours: 1
Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome (WPW) is considered to be a congenital abnormality that involves the presence of abnormal ...
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Hours: 1.5
Acrodynia is a rare disorder caused due to chronic mercury poisoning or idiosyncrasy to mercury. It is a Greek term that ...
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Hours: 0.75
| Title | Description | Hours | Questions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abciximab | Abciximab is widely used in interventional cardiology for the treatment of unstable angina and as an adjunct therapy following percutaneous coronary i ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Acrodynia | Acrodynia is a rare disorder caused due to chronic mercury poisoning or idiosyncrasy to mercury. It is a Greek term that means 'painful extremities.' ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Acute Myocarditis | Acute myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium. It is typically seen in infants and teenagers but can occur at any age. It most commonly results ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Adverse Events | Adverse events (AE) occur frequently in our medical system and at least one in ten patients are affected. An AE is a harmful and negative outcome that ... Read the Article | 1 | 12 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Alagille Syndrome | Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a multisystem autosomal dominant disorder with a wide variety of clinical manifestations. It is also known as arteriohepat ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Alprostadil | Alprostadil is a medication used in the management and treatment of erectile dysfunction in males and for temporary patency of ductus arteriosus in ne ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Angiotensin II | Angiotensin is a peptide endocrine hormone and an important part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, an inter-related endocrine system import ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Anoxic Encephalopathy | Anoxic encephalopathy, or hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, is a process that begins with the cessation of cerebral blood flow to brain tissue, which mos ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 16 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Antiarrhythmic Medications | The antiarrhythmic medications have typically been categorized according to the Vaughan-Williams (VW) classification system. The system classifies the ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Antiparasitic Drugs | Antiparasitic drugs are a group of medications used in the management and treatment of infections by parasites, including protozoa, helminths, and ect ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Aortic Dissection | While uncommon, acute aortic dissection is an infrequent but catastrophic disorder. Patients present with tearing chest pain that radiates to the back ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 27 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Aortic Regurgitation | Aortic regurgitation is the inadequate closure of the aortic valve during diastole that results in reverse blood flow through the aortic valve. This c ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 20 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Aortic Valve Ross Operation | The Ross procedure, also known as the switch procedure or pulmonary autograft procedure, is a cardiac surgery in which a diseased aortic valve is repl ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Aortic Valvular Atresia | Aortic valvular atresia is a congenital condition in which the aortic valvular cusps are fused at birth. It frequently forms as a spectrum of malforma ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Aortopulmonary Septal Defect | An aortopulmonary or septal defect/aortopulmonary window is one of the rarest congenital heart defects. This defect develops embryologically when ther ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Aortopulmonary Window | Aortopulmonary Window is a rare congenital cardiac malformation that can lead to congestive cardiac failure if left untreated. To avoid the high morbi ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Arrhythmias | Arrhythmia entails a broad spectrum of disorders of heart rate and rhythm abnormalities. Arrhythmia is broadly categorized into bradyarrhythmias and t ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Atrial Myxoma | Myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumor. It is estimated that more than 75% of myxomas originate in the left atrium either at the mitral ann ... Read the Article | 1 | 12 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Atrial Septal Defect | Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the most common types of congenital heart defects, occurring in about 25% of children. An atrial septal defect oc ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 18 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Atrioventricular Block | Atrioventricular (AV) conduction is evaluated by assessing the relationship between the P waves and QRS complexes. Normally, there is a P wave that pr ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Atrioventricular Canal Defects | Atrioventricular canal defects comprise a spectrum of defects such as exclusive ventricular or atrial defects, septal defects, atrioventricular anomal ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia | Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia that results due to the presence of a re-ent ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Atrioventricular Septal Defect | The atrioventricular septal defect is a congenital cardiac malformation that is characterized by a variable degree of the atrial and ventricular septa ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Balloon Valvuloplasty | Balloon valvuloplasty is a cardiac intervention to open up a stenotic or stiffed heart valves (e.g., aortic or mitral) using a catheter with a balloon ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Bartter Syndrome | Bartter syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder of salt reabsorption resulting in extracellular fluid volume depletion with low/normal blood press ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Becker Muscular Dystrophy | Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder due to mutation in the Dystrophin gene that results in progressive muscle degenerati ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Bicuspid Aortic Valve | A bicuspid aortic valve is a common congenital heart defect in which the bicuspid aortic valve contains two cusps instead of the usual three. This lea ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Bidirectional Glenn Procedure or Hemi-Fontan | The bidirectional Glenn (BDG) and hemi-Fontan are the types of surgical techniques used to create superior cavopulmonary anastomosis, the second stage ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Blunt Cardiac Injury | A cardiac contusion is a misnomer used to indicate injury to the heart after blunt chest trauma. Because of the term's ambiguity in describing a spect ... Read the Article | 1 | 10 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia | Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Despite significant advances in preterm inf ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Brugada Syndrome | Brugada syndrome is a rare but potentially life-threatening inherited disease that predisposes patients to fatal cardiac arrhythmias. The syndrome is ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Caffeine Toxicity | Caffeine is a stimulant that has been utilized globally for centuries secondary to its ability to improve mental alertness. As many as 85% of American ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cardiac Arrest | As defined by the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology, "(sudden) cardiac arrest is the sudden cessation of cardiac activ ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cardiac Fibroma | Cardiac fibromas are the second most common primary cardiac tumor after rhabdomyoma in children. They are primarily composed of connective tissue and ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 2 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cardiac Rhabdomyoma | Cardiac rhabdomyoma is a rare tumor. It arises from the striated muscles. It is a type of hamartoma seen in the pediatric age group. Although mostly a ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cardiogenic Shock | Cardiogenic shock is a primary cardiac disorder characterized by a low cardiac output state of circulatory failure that results in end-organ hypoperfu ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 15 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cardiomegaly | Cardiomegaly is an umbrella designation for a variety of conditions leading to enlargement of the heart which usually remains undiagnosed until the sy ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cardiopulmonary Fitness | Cardiopulmonary fitness testing is a durable and versatile tool that provides valuable diagnostic and prognostic information regarding patients with c ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Carney Complex | Carney complex (CNC) is a rare genetic disorder associated with one of the multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes. Carney complex affects multip ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Carnitine Deficiency | Carnitine deficiency is a condition characterized by low carnitine levels in the body. Carnitine deficiency could be primary (due to defect in carniti ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Catheter Management Of Coarctation | Coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing of the aorta typically at the location of the ductus arteriosus distal to the left subclavian artery accountin ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Catheter Management Of Ventricular Septal Defect | Traditionally, ventricular septal defects (VSDs) have been closed with an open approach, but since then, a percutaneous transcatheter closure been dev ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Central and Peripheral Cyanosis | Peripheral cyanosis is the bluish discoloration of the distal extremities (Hands, fingertips, toes), and can sometimes involve circumoral and periorbi ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Chest Wall Deformities | Chest wall deformities are a set of congenital diseases; these can manifest as; an isolated feature, with other congenital anomalies, or as part of a ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Ciliary Dysfunction | The majority of newborns with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), formerly known as immotile cilia syndrome, develop neonatal respiratory distress with ... Read the Article | 1 | 10 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Coarctation of the Aorta | Coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing of the aorta, most commonly occurring just beyond the left subclavian artery. However, it can occur in various ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Commotio Cordis | Commotio cordis is ventricular fibrillation precipitated by blunt trauma to the heart. Although it is infrequent, it is an important cause of sudden ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia | Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a condition resulting from the herniation of abdominal contents into the thoracic cavity resulting in lung hypoplas ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Congenital Lobar Emphysema | Congenital lobar emphysema is a rare developmental anomaly of lungs that occurs mostly due to defective bronchial cartilages. It is diagnosed with a c ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Congenital Muscular Dystrophy | Congenital muscular dystrophy is one of the variants of muscle weakness disorders presenting early in life during infancy and soon after birth. The di ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy | Congenital myotonic dystrophy (CMD) is an autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorder with multisystem involvement. It is a subtype of myotonic dystroph ... Read the Article | 1 | 10 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation | Congenital pulmonary airway malformation is a congenital lung disease that can present from the prenatal period to childhood. Though rare overall, it ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Congenital Rubella | Rubella, also known as German Measles, is a viral illness characterized by maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy, and fever. It is a highly contagious b ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Constrictive Pericarditis | The pericardium is the fibroelastic sac that covers the heart. Besides acting as a protective barrier, it also affects cardiac hemodynamics. Constrict ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Contrast Agent Toxicity | Contrast agents, also called contrast media, are substances used to enhance the radiodensity of a targeted tissue by altering the way that electromagn ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 16 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cooley Anemia | Thalassemia major or Cooley anemia is one of the common monogenic hereditary hemoglobin disorders. It results from the absence of a beta-globin chain ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cor Triatriatum | Cor triatriatum is a rare congenital heart defect in which a thin, fibromuscular membrane causes division of either the right or left atrium, resultin ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 3 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cornelia de Lange Syndrome | Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) was initially described in 1933. CdLS is a genetic disorder that affects many organs, leading to various clinical pr ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Coronary Arteriovenous Fistula | Coronary arteriovenous fistula should be suspected in patients who present with unexplained heart failure, have continuous murmur on auscultation, and ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Coronary Artery Anomalies | With the increasing application of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) as the standard of care for patients with acute chest pain, health ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Coronary Artery Fistula | Coronary artery fistulas are aberrant connections between coronary arteries and other structures, such as other branches of arteries or heart chambers ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Coronary Cameral Fistula | Coronary cameral fistula is an abnormal communication existing between a coronary artery and any cardiac chamber. It appears in less than 1% of the po ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Coronary Ectasia | Treatment of coronary ectasia encompasses multiple options across different disciplines. The treatment goal is to correct the defects leading to ische ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cyanosis | Cyanosis is characterized by a blueish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes. Cyanosis is frequently encountered in clinical practice, and the ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Cyanotic Heart Disease | Congenital heart disease (CHD) are structural abnormalities of the heart or intrathoracic great vessels occurring during fetal development. CHD is the ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Danon Disease | Danon disease is a rare X-linked dominant genetic disorder that manifests with the clinical triad of cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, and intellectu ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Dextrocardia | Dextrocardia is a congenital condition in which the heart is located in the right side of the thorax. This activity reviews the evaluation and managem ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Dilated Cardiomyopathy | Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of the heart muscle characterized by enlargement and dilation of one or both of the ventricles along with im ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Diphtheria | Diphtheria is a toxin-mediated infection caused by Corynebacterium species, primarily Corynebacterium diphtheria. It causes skin and mucosal infection ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Double Aortic Arch | Double aortic arch is the commonest form of a group of defects that affect the development of the aorta. This defect causes an abnormal circular forma ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Double Chambered Right Ventricle | The double-chambered right ventricle was first described in the 19th century. It is now considered a distinctive anatomic entity; wherein there is a m ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Double Defibrillation | Refractory ventricular fibrillation (RVF) is an unexpected complication of cardiac arrest that complicates the management of the patient and increases ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Double Orifice Mitral Valve | Double orifice mitral valve (DOMV) is a rare, congenital, or acquired anomaly that is typically asymptomatic. With time, however, it may lead to mitra ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy | Unfortunately, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is not only one of the most severe forms of inherited muscular dystrophies but also the most common h ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 21 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Dystrophinopathies | This activity covers a group of X-linked muscle disorders, with their most recognized pathology being Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), followed by B ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Ebstein Anomaly And Malformation | Ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve is a congenital malformation, in which there is downward displacement of insertion of septal and posterior leaf ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Echocardiogram | Cardiac echocardiography is a safe and non-invasive test that provides the clinical team with important cardiac function data. This functional data is ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Ehlers Danlos Syndrome | Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a genetic disorder affecting collagen formation and function. It affects virtually every organ system, which can resul ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Endocardial Fibroelastosis | Endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) is primarily a disease of infants and children, but can rarely present in adulthood as well. In 1943, Endocardial fib ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 3 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Endocarditis | Infective endocarditis is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in children and adolescents despite new advantages in management and prophyla ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Erythema Marginatum | Erythema marginatum is reactive inflammatory erythema seen most commonly in association with acute rheumatic fever. Although a rare cutaneous manifest ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Essential Hypertension | The current definition of hypertension (HTN) is systolic blood pressure (SBP) values of 130mmHg or more and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) more tha ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 16 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Exchange Transfusion | Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a procedure employed to "cleanse" the blood of various pathologic entities including antibodies, immune complexes ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| External Pacemaker | External pacing is one of the fastest methods for treating multiple types of conduction abnormalities. It can be applied in the hospital setting or by ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Fenoldopam | Fenoldopam is used primarily for the lowering of blood pressure during episodes of severe hypertension. Fenoldopam has a unique mechanism of action co ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Fluorides and Fluorocarbons Toxicity | Fluorocarbons are fluorinated carbon chain polymers that are used in an assortment of household and commercial products as waterproofing agents, lubri ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Fontan Completion | The Fontan procedure provides a palliative treatment option for children that are diagnosed with functionally univentricular congenital heart disease. ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Fosphenytoin | Fosphenytoin is a medication used in the management and prevention of seizures. It is a water-soluble phenytoin prodrug with the capability to be used ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Fungal Endocarditis | Endocarditis is the inflammation of the endocardium, the innermost lining of the heart. Endocarditis may be due to infective or non-infective etiologi ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Glycogen Storage Disease Type II | Glycogen storage disease type II, also known as Pompe disease, is a metabolic disorder creating glycogen deposits inside lysosomes within the muscular ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Heart Transplantation | A heart transplant is performed in patients with refractory acute and chronic heart failure. An orthotopic heart transplant is the most commonly utili ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Heart-Lung Transplantation | A heart-lung transplant is performed for unsalvagable dual cardiac and pulmonary failure. An organ transplant is an established life-saving therapy fo ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Heroin | Heroin, also known as diacetylmorphine, is derived from the opium poppy plant. Professionals initially touted morphine as a substitute with less misus ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Holt Oram Syndrome | Holt-Oram syndrome also referred to as the heart-hand syndrome, is an autosomal dominant disorder that is distinguished by upper limb abnormalities in ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hypercholesterolemia | Lipoprotein disorders are clinically important due to the of the role of lipoproteins in atherogenesis and the associated risk of atherosclerotic card ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by a mutation in sarcomere protein genes which effect contraction of the hea ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 17 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy | Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), historically referred to as idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, is a relatively common disorde ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome | Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a type of congenital heart disease that results in the underdevelopment of the left-sided structures of the ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hypoplastic Lung Disease | Pulmonary hypoplasia is a relatively uncommon medical condition characterized by incomplete development of the lungs that can affect the overall devel ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Hypothermia | Accidental hypothermia occurs when the body dissipates more heat than it absorbs or creates, leaving the body unable to generate sufficient heat to ma ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 16 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Idiopathic Pulmonary Artery Hypertension | Pulmonary hypertension, also known as idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension (IPAH), it is a progressive disease that affects the precapillary pulmo ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Imipramine | Imipramine is a medication used in the treatment of depression and anxiety. It is a tertiary amine tricyclic antidepressant. This activity reviews the ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Innocent Murmur | Murmurs are the most common reason for pediatric cardiologist referral and evaluation. There are reports that up to 72% of children will have a murmur ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Interrupted Aortic Arch | A rare type of congenital heart disease is an interrupted aortic arch (IAA), which affects approximately 1.5% of congenital heart disease patients. In ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Jervell and Lange Nielsen Syndrome | Jervell and Lange Nielsen syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and a prolonged QTc in ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia | Junctional ectopic tachycardia is an arrhythmia usually present in infants but has been seen in older children as well. It can be congenital or postop ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Kawasaki Disease | Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limited medium vessel vasculitis that has a predilection for the coronary arteries. This activity reviews the ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 17 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Kearns Sayre Syndrome | Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a subtype of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO). KSS is defined by the following triad: Onset before t ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Kingella Kingae | This activity reviews the microbiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology and the clinical manifestations of Kingella kingae infection. It also highlights ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Klinefelter Syndrome | Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the result of 2 or more X chromosomes in a phenotypic male. The clinical phenotype of KS was first described in males wit ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 16 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Left Ventricular Hypertrophy | Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a condition in which an increase in left ventricular mass occurs secondary to an increase in wall thickness, an ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Left Ventricular Non-compaction Cardiomyopathy | Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a very rare congenital cardiomyopathy. It is a disease of endomyocardial trabeculations that increase in num ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction | Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) can occur at the valvular, subvalvular, or supravalvular level. In general, there is an obstruction ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Local Anesthetic Toxicity | Local anesthetics are commonly used in most medical and dental practice. While adverse effects are rare, the rising prevalence of local anesthetics in ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Long QT Syndrome | The QT interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the duration of the ventricular action potential, and this physiologically correlates with th ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Lutembacher Syndrome | Lutembacher syndrome (LS) was first described in a letter by anatomist Johann Friedrich Meckel in 1750. Corvisart who later described the association ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Lyme Carditis | Lyme carditis has been reported in 1% to 5% of diagnosed patients with Lyme disease. The most prominent manifestations are conduction system disturban ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Lyme Disease | Lyme disease is an infectious disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, which is spread by ticks. Lyme disease is divided into three stages: early local ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 21 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Marfan Syndrome | One of the most common inherited disorders affecting connective tissue, Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant condition with a reported incid ... Read the Article | 1 | 10 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Meconium Aspiration | Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is the neonatal respiratory distress that occurs in a newborn in the context of meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MA ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Mitral Stenosis | Mitral stenosis (MS) is a form of valvular heart disease characterized by narrowing of the mitral valve orifice. The most common cause of mitral steno ... Read the Article | 2 | 34 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Moyamoya Disease | Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an isolated chronic, usually bilateral, vasculopathy of undetermined etiology characterized by progressive narrowing of the ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Myotonic Dystrophy | Myotonic dystrophy is a rare progressive disorder that universally presents with weakness. In addition to musculoskeletal weakness, cardiac conduction ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Neck Abscess | Neck abscesses in the deep neck tissues are difficult to diagnose, localize, access, and manage. The anatomy of the neck is complex and contains sever ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus | Neonatal lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that takes place due to the passive maternal transfer of autoantibodies of Sjogren syndrome auto ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema | Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a clinical condition arises as acute respiratory distress taking place in conjunction with severe neurological dam ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Nitrates | Nitrates are useful in the management and treatment of angina. They are a group of medications that cause vasodilation by donating nitric oxide. This ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Nitric Oxide | Nitric oxide is a medication used in the management and treatment of hypoxic respiratory failure or persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn ( ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Nonviral Myocarditis | Myocarditis is a significant cause of sudden death and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, especially in the young. It has a very diverse and sometime ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Noonan Syndrome | Noonan syndrome is typically a genetically inherited disorder with heterogeneous phenotypic manifestations, that can change with age. The most consist ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Orthostatic Hypotension | Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing from a sitting or supine position. Clinically, this is diagnosed b ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 20 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia | Atrial tachycardia is a form of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) usually seen in patients with structural heart abnormalities but also seen in patie ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Partial And Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection | Total and partial anomalous venous connection comprises a wide spectrum of congenital cardiovascular malformations where one or more pulmonary veins r ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Patent Ductus Arteriosus | The ductus arteriosus is a fetal vessel that allows the oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the fetal lungs in utero. At birth, a newborn inh ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 24 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Patent Foramen Ovale | Patent foramen ovale (PFO) occurs when a remnant of normal fetal anatomy abnormally persists into adulthood. It represents a benign finding in the new ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pediatric Bronchiolitis | Bronchiolitis is inflammation of the bronchioles usually caused by an acute viral illness. It is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pediatric Post Resuscitation Management | Mortality rates after pediatric cardiac arrest remain high after initial resuscitation and a return of spontaneous circulation. Several factors must b ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pediatric Preoperative Management | The preoperative management of anesthesia in children differs from that in adults. These differences include employing cognitive and age-appropriate l ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pentalogy of Cantrell | Pentalogy of Cantrell is a collection of congenital malformations involving the heart, pericardium, diaphragm, sternum, and ventral abdominal wall. It ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pericardial Cyst | A pericardial cyst is typically considered a congenital anomaly, with most patients diagnosed via incidental findings on routine chest imaging. Rarely ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pericardial Effusion | A pericardial effusion refers to the accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial sac surrounding the heart. In a healthy individual, the pericardi ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| PHACE Syndrome | Infantile hemangioma is the most prevalent benign tumor of infancy, with an estimated incidence between 4 and 5 percent. Large facial segmental hemang ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome | Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is a condition where an unusually significant increase in heart rate accompanies the action of an individual ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pregnancy | Globally, there are more than 200 million pregnancies each year. Of these pregnancies, more than 40% are unintended. Unintended does not imply unwante ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Prostaglandin E1 | Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) is a medication used in the management of erectile dysfunction as well as ductus arteriosus in neonates. It is a smooth muscle ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pulmonary Artery Banding | This activity outlines indications, contraindications, and surgical steps of pulmonary artery banding and highlights the role of the interprofessional ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pulmonary Artery Sling | Pulmonary artery sling is a specific type of anatomical vascular anomaly that can compress nearby structures. Instead of arising from the main pulmona ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pulmonary Atresia With Intact Ventricular Septum | This activity provides a detailed review of the complex congenital heart defect pulmonary atresia with the intact ventricular septum. This review art ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pulmonary Atresia With Ventricular Septal Defect | Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect is a rare congenital anomaly with poor prognostic outcomes. It is a serious anomaly affecting the dev ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pulmonary Regurgitation | Pulmonary regurgitation is a valvular abnormality with a myriad of etiologies, the most common of which being secondary to the repair of tetralogy of ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pulmonary Sequestration | Pulmonary sequestration is thought to account for less than 6 percent of congenital lung malformations. In this condition, there is a nonfunctional se ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Pulmonic Stenosis | Pulmonic stenosis is a typically benign condition in most patients. While generally non-life-threatening after the neonatal period, complications and ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Reentry Arrhythmia | A reentry arrhythmia is a self-sustaining cardiac rhythm abnormality in which the action potential propagates in a manner analogous to a closed-loop c ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Restrictive Cardiomyopathy | Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is characterized by diastolic dysfunction of a non-dilated ventricle. Multiple types of restrictive cardiomyopathies ... Read the Article | 1 | 10 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Retrograde Cardioplegia | To ensure the protection of the heart during cardiopulmonary bypass, administration and even distribution of cardioplegia solution to the myocardium i ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Reye Syndrome | Reye syndrome is a rare and potentially fatal pediatric illness defined as acute noninflammatory encephalopathy with fatty liver failure. Australian p ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Rheumatic Heart Disease | Rheumatic heart disease is a systemic immune condition that occurs as a complication of rheumatic fever. This occurs after a beta-hemolytic streptococ ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 20 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Right Aortic Arches | Right aortic arch anomalies occur in approximately 0.01 to 0.1 percent of the general population. In general, these anomalies do not directly cause an ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Scimitar Syndrome | Scimitar syndrome is a rare congenital heart defect, variant of a partial anomalous pulmonary venous return that results in a left-to-right shunt. Thi ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Selenium Deficiency | Selenium is a trace mineral that is essential to human health. Selenium, in the form of selenoproteins, carries out various functions in normal health ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Single Ventricle | A single ventricle is an uncommon occurrence in embryogenesis, which results in the anatomical or functional loss of a ventricular cavity. These malfo ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Sinoatrial Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia | Sinoatrial nodal reentrant tachycardia (SANRT) is a rare form of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The American College of Cardiology/American ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Sinus Of Valsalva Aneurysm | A sinus of valsalva aneurysm (SOVA) is an abnormal dilatation of the aortic root located between the aortic valve annulus and the sinotubular junction ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Streptococcus Group A | Group A streptococci are ubiquitous bacteria encountered on a daily basis, which have the potential to cause a wide range of infections in humans. The ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Subaortic Stenosis | Subvalvular aortic stenosis (SAS), also called subaortic stenosis, is a rare disorder seen in infants. In most cases, it involves the presence of a me ... Read the Article | 1 | 10 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Subclavian Vein Thrombosis | Subclavian vein thrombosis occurs due to either a primary etiology or a secondary etiology. It requires a thorough history and physical exam for diagn ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Sudden Death in Athletes | Sudden death in athletes has been a tragic occurrence in the fields of sports medicine, cardiology, primary care, and pediatrics. By far the most comm ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome | Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the abrupt and unexplained death of an infant less than 1-year old. Despite a thorough investigation (a careful ... Read the Article | 1 | 10 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Supravalvar Aortic Stenosis | Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) is a congenital heart defect that accounts for 8 to 14 percent of all cases of congenital aortic stenosis. It inv ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Supraventricular Tachycardia | Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a dysrhythmia originating at or above the atrioventricular (AV) node and is defined by a narrow complex (QRS < ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 15 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Syncope | Syncope is a transient loss of consciousness and postural tone followed by spontaneous recovery. While there are numerous classifications schemes used ... Read the Article | 1 | 12 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with multisystem involvement and is associated with significant morbidity and mort ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Tetralogy of Fallot | Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital anomaly resulting in pulmonary stenosis, an interventricular defect, biventricular aortal origin, and right ventri ... Read the Article | 1 | 10 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block | An atrioventricular block is a loss of the regular function of the cardiac electroconductive pathways linking the sinoatrial node (SA node) and the ve ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 15 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Thoracic Aorta Aneurysm | Thoracic aortic aneurysms require a prompt diagnosis as most patients are asymptomatic until dissection or rupture of the aorta occurs, leading to wor ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Tilt Table | While there are multiple causes of syncope, many of these are neurally mediated. Some neurally mediated causes of syncope include vasovagal syncope, c ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Tonsillitis | Tonsillitis, or inflammation of the tonsils, is a common disease and makes up approximately 1.3% of outpatient visits. It is predominantly the result ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 15 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Torsade de Pointes | Torsades de Pointes is a type of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia characterized on electrocardiogram by oscillatory changes in amplitude of the QRS ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 14 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Transposition Of The Great Arteries | Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a congenital pediatric cardiac defect arising from an embryological discordance between the aorta and pul ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Tricuspid Atresia | Tricuspid atresia is a cyanotic congenital heart defect characterized by the complete agenesis of the tricuspid valve. This activity reviews the evalu ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Tricuspid Regurgitation | Tricuspid regurgitation, also called tricuspid insufficiency, is a relatively common condition that can result from structural abnormalities of any pa ... Read the Article | 1 | 12 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Tricuspid Stenosis | Very little is known about tricuspid valve when compared to other valves, and tricuspid stenosis is rarely described. It most often co-exists with mit ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Truncus Arteriosus | Persistent truncus arteriosus (TA) is a rare, congenital, cyanotic heart defect characterized by a ventricular septal defect (VSD), a single truncal v ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Tuberous Sclerosis | Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder that affects multiple systems. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion and is characte ... Read the Article | 2 | 34 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Umbilical Artery Catheterization | Catheterization of an umbilical artery is one of the commonly performed procedures in extremely premature neonates. This activity reviews the indicati ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 5 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Umbilical Vein Catheterization | Umbilical vein catheterization utilizes the exposed umbilical stump in a neonate as a site for emergency central venous access up to 14 days old. Umbi ... Read the Article | 1 | 9 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis | Researchers have extensively studied deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities. With the increased use of central venous catheters, cardiac ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Vagal Maneuver | Vagal maneuvers are techniques used to increase vagal parasympathetic tone in an attempt to diagnose and treat various arrhythmias. They are often uti ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Vascular Aortic Arch Ring | Aortic arch anomalies can give rise to vascular rings, a rare vascular anomaly with significant health implications. This activity deals with underst ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Vascular Ring Double Aortic Arch | The term "vascular ring" refers to the vascular structures that encircle and compress the trachea and esophagus causing respiratory and gastrointestin ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Vasovagal Episode | A vasovagal episode or vasovagal syncope is the most common form of reflex syncope. Reflex syncope describes any form of syncopal episode caused by a ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Velocardiofacial Syndrome | Velocardiofacial syndrome, also known as Di George syndrome or chromosome 22q11.2 syndrome, is the most common microdeletion syndrome in humans. Thoug ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 4 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Ventricular Septal Defect | Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are the most common congenital cardiac anomaly in children and the second most common congenital abnormality in adul ... Read the Article | 1 | 11 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Viral Encephalitis | Viral encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by a virus. It is the most common type of encephalitis and often coexists with viral ... Read the Article | 1 | 12 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Viral Myocarditis | Myocarditis is an inflammatory process of the myocardium. It can present in the acute, subacute, or chronic phase with either focal or diffuse involve ... Read the Article | 1 | 10 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Vitamin C Deficiency | Vitamin C deficiency, also known as scurvy, is a disease primarily associated with socioeconomic status and access to food. Signs and symptoms are oft ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 16 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Williams Syndrome | WS is a rare genetic disorder that presents with congenital heart disease, distinctive facial features (elfin-like faces), hypercalcemia, neurodevelop ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 6 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |
| Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome | Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome (WPW) is considered to be a congenital abnormality that involves the presence of abnormal electrical conductive circuit ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 17 | Activity MD/PA Activity DO |