Cardiology-Failure Transplant

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Endocardial Fibroelastosis

Endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) is primarily a disease of infants and children, but can rarely present in adulthood as ...
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Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a group of malignant neoplasms originating from the lymphoid tissues, mainly the lymph nodes. Th ...
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Trastuzumab

Trastuzumab is a biologic antineoplastic agent that, at the time of its FDA approval in 1998, was among the first availa ...
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Wide QRS Complex Tachycardia

Wide complex tachycardia is a dysrhythmia with a long list of potential causes that ranges from various arrhythmias, str ...
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Nitric Oxide

Nitric oxide is a medication used in the management and treatment of hypoxic respiratory failure or persistent pulmonary ...
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Heart Transplantation Allograft Vasculopathy

Despite advances in mechanical circulatory support, cardiac transplant remains the definitive treatment intervention for ...
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Cardiology-Failure Transplant Activities

Title	Description	Hours	Questions
Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy	Alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a cardiac disease caused by chronic alcohol consumption. It is characterized by ventricular dilation and impairment ... Read the Article	1	7	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Anesthesia Monitoring Of Mixed Venous Saturation	While oxygen saturation refers to the percentage of hemoglobin bound to oxygen within red blood cells, mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) refers to ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Angiography	Angiography is performed to image the anatomical and structural details of the vascular system, including the cardiac chambers. Initially used for str ... Read the Article	1	7	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI)	ACE inhibitors are medications used in the treatment and management of hypertension, which is a significant risk factor for coronary disease heart fai ... Read the Article	1.5	24	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Aortic Dissection	While uncommon, acute aortic dissection is an infrequent but catastrophic disorder. Patients present with tearing chest pain that radiates to the back ... Read the Article	1.75	27	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Aortic Regurgitation	Aortic regurgitation is the inadequate closure of the aortic valve during diastole that results in reverse blood flow through the aortic valve. This c ... Read the Article	1.5	20	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Aortic Valve Disease	Aortic valve disease consists of both regurgitations comprising retrograde flow throw the aortic valve and stenosis or narrowing of the orifice limiti ... Read the Article	1	6	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Aortic Valve Repair	Aortic valve repair is performed to treat aortic valve insufficiency with outcomes comparable to the valve replacement. When performed in a high volum ... Read the Article	1	6	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Atrial Fibrillation	Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia. It is the leading cardiac cause of stroke. Risk factors for atrial fibrillation inc ... Read the Article	2	31	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Atrial Myxoma	Myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumor. It is estimated that more than 75% of myxomas originate in the left atrium either at the mitral ann ... Read the Article	1	12	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Automatic Internal Cardiac Defibrillator	The automated internal cardiac defibrillator or shock box is the common name given to the Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD). ICD is a state ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Bicuspid Aortic Valve	A bicuspid aortic valve is a common congenital heart defect in which the bicuspid aortic valve contains two cusps instead of the usual three. This lea ... Read the Article	0.75	6	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Bidirectional Glenn Procedure or Hemi-Fontan	The bidirectional Glenn (BDG) and hemi-Fontan are the types of surgical techniques used to create superior cavopulmonary anastomosis, the second stage ... Read the Article	1	7	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Cardiac Cirrhosis	Cardiac cirrhosis is a term used to include the spectrum of hepatic disorders that occur secondary to hepatic congestion due to cardiac dysfunction, e ... Read the Article	0.75	6	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Cardiac Disease In Pregnancy	Many cardiac diseases during pregnancy are under investigation, and many others which are still not understood require further inquiry. Some of these ... Read the Article	1	8	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Cardiac Rehabilitation	Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and the leading cause of death in the United States. Cardiac rehabilitati ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Cardiac Tamponade	Cardiac tamponade is a medical emergency that takes place when abnormal amounts of fluid accumulate in the pericardial sac compressing the heart and l ... Read the Article	1.25	16	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Cardiogenic Shock	Cardiogenic shock is a primary cardiac disorder characterized by a low cardiac output state of circulatory failure that results in end-organ hypoperfu ... Read the Article	1.25	15	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Cardiomegaly	Cardiomegaly is an umbrella designation for a variety of conditions leading to enlargement of the heart which usually remains undiagnosed until the sy ... Read the Article	0.75	4	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Cardioplegia	Cardioplegia serves to intentionally and temporarily arrest the heart for myocardial protection during cardiac surgery. This activity describes cardio ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing	Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a diagnostic modality used to evaluate a patient's functional capacity. The test can provide a wealth of kn ... Read the Article	1	7	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Cardiopulmonary Fitness	Cardiopulmonary fitness testing is a durable and versatile tool that provides valuable diagnostic and prognostic information regarding patients with c ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Cardiorenal Syndrome	The cardiorenal syndrome includes multiple subtypes based on underlying pathology and chronicity. Each subtype involves unique pathophysiology, and th ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Catheter Management Of Coarctation	Coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing of the aorta typically at the location of the ductus arteriosus distal to the left subclavian artery accountin ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Catheter Management Pulmonary Valvular Disorders	Transcatheter intervention for right ventricular outflow tract obstruction with balloon angioplasty and stent implantation was a remarkable advancemen ... Read the Article	1	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Central Venous Catheter	Central venous catheter insertion is a common and often, necessary procedure for the care of critically ill patients. Central venous access may be att ... Read the Article	1	8	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Chagas Disease	Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) is a zoonotic disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. This is a vector-borne illness spread by the ... Read the Article	1.25	13	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Cheyne Stokes Respirations	Cheyne-Stokes respiration is a type of breathing disorder characterized by cyclical episodes of apnea and hyperventilation. Although described in the ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy	Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a type of cardiac dysfunction that develops in patients with cirrhosis without other known cardiac disease. It develops in ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Coenzyme Q10	CoQ10 is not FDA-approved to treat any medical condition although it is widely available over-the-counter as a dietary supplement and recommended by p ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Congestive Heart Failure	Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the requirements of the body. It results from a ... Read the Article	1.5	24	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Congestive Heart Failure And Pulmonary Edema	Heart failure is a growing public health problem and is now the most common cause of hospitalizations in the U.S. among patients 65 years and older. T ... Read the Article	1	9	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Constrictive Pericarditis	The pericardium is the fibroelastic sac that covers the heart. Besides acting as a protective barrier, it also affects cardiac hemodynamics. Constrict ... Read the Article	1	11	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft	Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a major surgical operation where atheromatous blockages in a patient’s coronary arteries are bypassed with h ... Read the Article	1	10	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Coronary Artery Surgery	Coronary artery surgery is performed because coronary artery disease remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Variations in technique a ... Read the Article	1	7	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Coronary Cameral Fistula	Coronary cameral fistula is an abnormal communication existing between a coronary artery and any cardiac chamber. It appears in less than 1% of the po ... Read the Article	0.75	6	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Coronary Ectasia	Treatment of coronary ectasia encompasses multiple options across different disciplines. The treatment goal is to correct the defects leading to ische ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Cultural Religious Competence In Clinical Practice	The diversity of religion within our world's population brings challenges for health care providers and systems to deliver culturally competent medica ... Read the Article	1.5	15	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Dialysis Fistula	Dialysis fistula creation is a commonly performed procedure for patients with end-stage renal disease who require permanent vascular access for hemodi ... Read the Article	1	8	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Digoxin Toxicity	Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside derived from the foxglove plant (digitalis species). It has inotropic effects and is utilized in the management of syst ... Read the Article	1	11	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Dilated Cardiomyopathy	Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of the heart muscle characterized by enlargement and dilation of one or both of the ventricles along with im ... Read the Article	1	9	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Double Orifice Mitral Valve	Double orifice mitral valve (DOMV) is a rare, congenital, or acquired anomaly that is typically asymptomatic. With time, however, it may lead to mitra ... Read the Article	0.75	4	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Echocardiogram	Cardiac echocardiography is a safe and non-invasive test that provides the clinical team with important cardiac function data. This functional data is ... Read the Article	1	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Endocardial Fibroelastosis	Endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) is primarily a disease of infants and children, but can rarely present in adulthood as well. In 1943, Endocardial fib ... Read the Article	0.75	3	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Endomyocardial Biopsy	The role and utility of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) in the work-up of cardiovascular diseases remains controversial and the practice varies widely in ... Read the Article	1	8	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Endomyocardial Fibrosis	Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is characterized by left and right ventricular endocardial fibrosis and resultant restrictive cardiomyopathy. EMF is rar ... Read the Article	0.75	6	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Ethacrynic Acid	Ethacrynic acid is a medication used in the management and treatment of chronic heart failure. It is in the loop diuretic class of drugs. This activit ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
External Pacemaker	External pacing is one of the fastest methods for treating multiple types of conduction abnormalities. It can be applied in the hospital setting or by ... Read the Article	0.75	6	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Felodipine	Felodipine is a medication used in the management and treatment of essential hypertension. It is a member of the dihydropyridine class of calcium chan ... Read the Article	0.75	4	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Fludeoxyglucose (18F)	Fludeoxyglucose F18 is a radioactive tracer that acts as a glucose analog and is used for diagnostic purposes in conjunction with Positron Emitting To ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Fungal Endocarditis	Endocarditis is the inflammation of the endocardium, the innermost lining of the heart. Endocarditis may be due to infective or non-infective etiologi ... Read the Article	1	7	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Heart Transplantation	A heart transplant is performed in patients with refractory acute and chronic heart failure. An orthotopic heart transplant is the most commonly utili ... Read the Article	1	6	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Heart Transplantation Allograft Vasculopathy	Despite advances in mechanical circulatory support, cardiac transplant remains the definitive treatment intervention for patients with advanced heart ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Heart Transplantation Patient Selection	Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and worldwide, and falls second only to pancreatic cancer as the p ... Read the Article	0.75	4	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Heart Transplantation Rejection	Heart transplantation (HTx) is a procedure performed in patients with end-stage heart failure (HF) who remain symptomatic despite appropriate medical ... Read the Article	0.75	4	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Heart-Lung Transplantation	A heart-lung transplant is performed for unsalvagable dual cardiac and pulmonary failure. An organ transplant is an established life-saving therapy fo ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Heparin	Unfractionated heparin is an anticoagulant indicated for both the prevention and treatment of thrombotic events such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and ... Read the Article	0.75	4	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
High-Output Cardiac Failure	High-output cardiac failure is a less common form of heart failure, and although it may sound contradictory at first, in the simplest form, it is stil ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Holiday Heart Syndrome	The holiday heart syndrome is a common cause of cardiac disease predominantly in the United States of America. The Holiday heart syndrome, also referr ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy	Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by a mutation in sarcomere protein genes which effect contraction of the hea ... Read the Article	1.25	17	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Ibutilide	Ibutilide is indicated for the conversion of acute atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm (NSR). Off-label uses of ibutilide in ... Read the Article	1	7	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Implantable Defibrillator	Practitioners use the terms sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and sudden cardiac death interchangeably; however, their definitions are distinct. Sudden card ... Read the Article	0.75	3	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Inamrinone	Inamrinone is a medication used in the short-term management and treatment of congestive heart failure. It is a phosphodiesterase-III inhibitor, which ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Inferior Myocardial Infarction	Without timely treatment, coronary artery occlusion results in decreased perfusion to the myocardium, resulting in myocardial ischemia followed by my ... Read the Article	1	9	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Internal Mammary Artery Bypass	Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and coronary artery bypass graft is considered the mainstay for the treatment of seve ... Read the Article	1.25	13	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Interventions In Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy	Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients can present with symptoms at any phase of life and may have an elevated risk of sudden cardiac death based on ris ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump	This activity reviews the indications and contraindications of intra-aortic balloon pump in the patients with cardiogenic shock secondary to various c ... Read the Article	1.25	11	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Intraoperative Echocardiography	Although transesophageal ultrasound was first reported in the 1970s, the advent of phased array transducers and flexible transesophageal probes in the ... Read the Article	1	9	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy	Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) describes ineffective blood pumping by the heart as a result of ischemic damage to the myocardium. It is a common condit ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Isoproterenol	Isoproterenol is a beta-1, and beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist indicated primarily for bradydysrhythmias. The administration and subsequent post-ad ... Read the Article	1	7	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Ivabradine	Ivabradine is FDA-approved in the United States for use in patients with symptoms due to stable heart failure and an ejection fraction of 35% or less ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Jugular Venous Distention	The jugular venous examination is a vital component of the cardiovascular exam. This activity outlines the identification and assessment of jugular ve ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Left Ventricular Assist Devices	Heart failure (HF) is a frequent cause of inpatient admissions. The Framingham study in 1993 described the risk factors for heart failure and showed u ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction	Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is the central measure of left ventricular systolic function. LVEF is the fraction of chamber volume ejected ... Read the Article	1	6	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Left Ventricular Failure	Left heart failure occurs when there is dysfunction of the left ventricle, resulting insufficient delivery of blood to vital organs. Left ventricular ... Read the Article	0.75	6	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy	Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a condition in which an increase in left ventricular mass occurs secondary to an increase in wall thickness, an ... Read the Article	1	8	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Left Ventricular Non-compaction Cardiomyopathy	Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a very rare congenital cardiomyopathy. It is a disease of endomyocardial trabeculations that increase in num ... Read the Article	0.75	4	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Left Ventricular Rupture	Left ventricular (LV) rupture is a catastrophic but a common occurrence with acute myocardial infarction patients. The incidence of LV free-wall ruptu ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Loeffler Endocarditis	Loeffler endocarditis is restrictive cardiomyopathy, defined as an impaired relaxation of the heart with impaired diastolic filling. Diffuse eosinophi ... Read the Article	0.75	4	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Lutembacher Syndrome	Lutembacher syndrome (LS) was first described in a letter by anatomist Johann Friedrich Meckel in 1750. Corvisart who later described the association ... Read the Article	0.75	4	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Metolazone	Metolazone is a cardiovascular agent, specifically a quinazoline diuretic related to the thiazide class. It is available in a generic formulation in t ... Read the Article	0.75	4	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Mid-Ventricular Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy	Mid-ventricular Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a rare, reversible myocardial injury that presents with distinctive regional wall abnormalities of the lef ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Milrinone	Milrinone is a medication indicated for cardiac support in patients with acute heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, or chronic heart failure. It fun ... Read the Article	0.75	4	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Surgery	Aortic valve replacement is the standard treatment for patients with severe or symptomatic aortic insufficiency or aortic stenosis. In the past, the s ... Read the Article	0.75	4	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Mitral Regurgitation	Mitral regurgitation (MR) is caused by the retrograde flow of blood from the left ventricle (LV) into the left atrium (LA) through the mitral valve (M ... Read the Article	1.25	11	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Mitral Stenosis	Mitral stenosis (MS) is a form of valvular heart disease characterized by narrowing of the mitral valve orifice. The most common cause of mitral steno ... Read the Article	2	34	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Mitral Valve Insufficiency	This review article discusses clinical aspects of mitral regurgitation (MR), in terms of etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and treatment ... Read the Article	1	6	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
NICKS Procedure	Nicks procedure is performed to avoid patient prosthesis mismatch in patients with the small aortic annulus. The main goal is to implant a prosthetic ... Read the Article	1	7	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Nitric Oxide	Nitric oxide is a medication used in the management and treatment of hypoxic respiratory failure or persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn ( ... Read the Article	1	8	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Nitrous Oxide	Nitrous oxide is an odorless, colorless, non-flammable gas. While nitrous oxide is not flammable, it will support combustion to the same extent as ox ... Read the Article	1	10	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a group of malignant neoplasms originating from the lymphoid tissues, mainly the lymph nodes. These tumors may result due to c ... Read the Article	1.25	10	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Norepinephrine	Untreated hypotension can be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Norepinephrine is a first-line agent for hypotension that does not respon ... Read the Article	0.75	6	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Orbital Atherectomy	Orbital atherectomy (OA) is an adjunctive therapy used for lesion preparation of calcified plaque with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and pe ... Read the Article	1	6	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Pacemaker Indications	Pacemakers are electronic devices that stimulate the heart with electrical impulses to maintain or restore a functional heartbeat. Pacemakers were ini ... Read the Article	1	7	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Pacemaker Mediated Tachycardia	Pacemaker mediated tachycardia is a type of arrhythmia that happens in patients with dual-chamber pacemakers due to reentry. Patients who develop this ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Percutaneously Inserted Ventricular Assist Device	There are now percutaneous inserted ventricular assist devices available. This device is a non-pulsatile axial flow pump that is placed across the aor ... Read the Article	1	9	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy	Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare cause of cardiomyopathy that occurs during late pregnancy or in the early postpartum period. It is characte ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Porcelain Aorta	Porcelain aorta (PA) is a structural aortic wall disease characterized by extensive heavy calcification of the ascending thoracic aorta extending to t ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Post Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders	Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a well-known, life-threatening complication of organ transplantation, predominantly occurring a ... Read the Article	1	7	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Postpartum Cardiomyopathy	Postpartum cardiomyopathy, also known as peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), is defined as new onset heart failure between the last month of pregnancy a ... Read the Article	0.75	6	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Pulmonary Artery Catheterization	Pulmonary artery catheterization is a diagnostic procedure in which an intravascular catheter is inserted through a central vein, such as the femoral, ... Read the Article	1	7	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure	Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) is frequently used to assess left ventricular filling, represent left atrial pressure, and assess mitral val ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Pulmonary Edema	Pulmonary edema is defined as an abnormal accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung parenchyma. Two main types are cardiogenic and noncardiogen ... Read the Article	1.25	13	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Pulsus Alternans	Pulsus alternans is an arterial pulse with alternating strong and weak beats. It is found in the setting of severe ventricular dysfunction and other f ... Read the Article	0.75	6	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
QT Prolonging Drugs	The heart has an electrical system that allows it to contract in a rhythm. A key aspect of this electrical system is depolarization and repolarization ... Read the Article	0.75	6	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Radionuclide Ventriculography	The radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) scan is a non-invasive way of assessing the ventricular function and intracardiac hemodynamics. It assesses th ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Ranolazine	Ranolazine was FDA approved in 2006 for the treatment of chronic angina. Angina is characterized by chest discomfort that occurs due to ischemia. Stab ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy	Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is characterized by diastolic dysfunction of a non-dilated ventricle. Multiple types of restrictive cardiomyopathies ... Read the Article	1	10	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Retrograde Cardioplegia	To ensure the protection of the heart during cardiopulmonary bypass, administration and even distribution of cardioplegia solution to the myocardium i ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Right Heart Failure	Heart failure is a condition in which the heart loses its ability to pump blood efficiently to the rest of the body. Right heart failure is most commo ... Read the Article	1.25	11	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Sacubitril/Valsartan	Sacubitril/valsartan is the first agent to be approved in a new class of drugs called angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI). The medication ... Read the Article	1	7	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Scleroderma And Primary Myocardial Disease	Systemic scleroderma is a connective tissue disease that can affect internal organs. Cardiac manifestations of the disease can be a result of the prim ... Read the Article	1	11	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Single Ventricle	A single ventricle is an uncommon occurrence in embryogenesis, which results in the anatomical or functional loss of a ventricular cavity. These malfo ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Sodium Nitroprusside	Sodium nitroprusside is a medication used in the management of acute hypertension. It is a potent vasodilator and is administered as an IV infusion wi ... Read the Article	1.25	15	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Stentless Autograft/Homograft Aortic Valve Replacement	Aortic valve replacement is indicated when aortic stenosis or regurgitation disturbs the flow of blood out of the heart. Homograft valve and pulmonary ... Read the Article	0.75	6	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Sudden Cardiac Death	Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is death due to a cardiovascular cause that occurs within one hour of the onset of symptoms. A sudden cardiac arrest occurs ... Read the Article	0.75	6	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Synchronized Electrical Cardioversion	When tachycardic rhythms fail to respond to pharmacologic treatment, or present with or deteriorate into unstable manifestations, synchronized cardiov ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Transluminal Extraction Coronary Atherectomy	Transluminal coronary atherectomy is performed on heavily calcified and stubborn coronary lesions otherwise not amenable to a conventional percutaneou ... Read the Article	0.75	6	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Transmyocardial Laser Extravascular Angiogenesis	Transmyocardial laser extravascular angiogenesis (TMLR) has emerged as an option in patients suffering from chronic refractory angina that can improve ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Trastuzumab	Trastuzumab is a biologic antineoplastic agent that, at the time of its FDA approval in 1998, was among the first available targeted chemotherapies. I ... Read the Article	0.75	6	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Treadmill Stress Testing	Exercise testing is a form of cardiovascular stress testing that typically utilizes electrocardiography along with blood pressure monitoring and exerc ... Read the Article	1	12	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Tricuspid Valve Repair	Tricuspid valve repair is almost always performed due to tricuspid regurgitation and in conjunction with left-sided valve surgery or coronary artery b ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Ultrafiltration in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure	Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) associated with volume overload is responsible for an increasing number of hospital admissions. The volume ov ... Read the Article	0.75	5	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Ventricular Aneurysm	A left ventricular aneurysm is one of the worst complications after acute myocardial infarction. The natural course leading to the formation of a vent ... Read the Article	1	8	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Ventricular Fibrillation	Arrhythmias originating from the ventricular myocardium or His-Purkinje system are grouped under ventricular arrhythmia (VA). This includes a subset o ... Read the Article	1	9	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Ventricular Premature Complexes	Ventricular premature beats (VPBs), or premature ventricular complexes/contractions (PVCs), are ectopic beats that arise from within the ventricles. T ... Read the Article	1	10	Activity MD/PA Activity DO
Wide QRS Complex Tachycardia	Wide complex tachycardia is a dysrhythmia with a long list of potential causes that ranges from various arrhythmias, structural heart abnormalities, e ... Read the Article	1	6	Activity MD/PA Activity DO

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Cardiology-Failure Transplant