Pharmacy-Critical Care CE
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Pharmacy-Critical Care Articles (700)
Featured Activities
Pharmacy-Critical Care Activities
| Title | Description | Hours | Questions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,4-Methylenedioxy-Methamphetamine | This activity reviews the class 1 drug 3,4 - methylenedioxymethamphetamine, also known as MDMA, Ecstacy or Molly. The drug is known to promote a sens ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Abacavir | Abacavir is an approved nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection in combination with ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Abciximab | Abciximab is widely used in interventional cardiology for the treatment of unstable angina and as an adjunct therapy following percutaneous coronary i ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Acetaminophen Toxicity | Acetaminophen toxicity is the second most common cause of liver transplantation worldwide and the most common cause of liver transplantation in the US ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Acetaminophen/Aspirin/Caffeine | The FDA recognized the combination of acetylsalicylic acid (250 mg), acetaminophen (250 mg), and caffeine (65 mg) as safe and effective in treating ac ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Toxicity | Nerve agents are some of the most deadly and easily employed chemical warfare agents. Given the global threat of terrorism, it is prudent to have a ba ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Acquired Hemophilia | Acquired hemophilia is an uncommon but severe bleeding disorder. It is caused by the development of autoantibodies directed against one of the antihem ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Antiretroviral Therapy | Human immunodeficiency virus infection is a significant health problem worldwide. Advances in treatment have made this disease not only manageable but ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Activated Charcoal | An oral suspension of activated charcoal should be considered in poisonings when gastrointestinal decontamination of an ingested toxin is indicated. A ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Acute Cholecystitis | Acute cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder that occurs due to occlusion of the cystic duct or impaired emptying of the gallbladder. Often ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 17 | Activity Info |
| Acute Hepatitis | Acute hepatitis is a term used to describe a wide variety of conditions characterized by acute inflammation of the hepatic parenchyma or injury to hep ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Acute Interstitial Pneumonia | Acute interstitial pneumonia is a form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with an acute onset and a rapidly progressive course that frequently leads ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Acute Kidney Injury | Acute kidney injury, previously known as acute renal failure, denotes a sudden and often reversible reduction in the kidney function, as measured by ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 16 | Activity Info |
| Acute Liver Failure | Acute liver failure is defined as severe acute liver injury for fewer than twenty six weeks duration with encephalopathy and impaired synthetic functi ... Read the Article | 1 | 3 | Activity Info |
| Acute Mastitis | Mastitis can be broken down into lactational and non-lactational causes. While non-lactational causes of mastitis are less common, lactational mastiti ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Acute Mesenteric Ischemia | Acute mesenteric ischemia is caused by a sudden decline in blood flow through the mesenteric vessels. Diagnosis can be difficult because symptoms are ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity Info |
| Acute Mountain Sickness | At higher altitudes, the decreased partial pressure of oxygen can cause several pathological presentations, including high altitude pulmonary edema, h ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Acute Myocardial Infarction | Acute myocardial infarctions are one of the leading causes of death in the developed world, with prevalence approaching three million people worldwide ... Read the Article | 2 | 27 | Activity Info |
| Acute On Chronic Liver Failure | Acute on chronic liver failure is a clinical syndrome of sudden hepatic decompensation observed in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease. A ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Acute Pancreatitis | Acute pancreatitis is the leading cause of gastrointestinal-related hospitalization in the United States, and its frequency continues to rise in the ... Read the Article | 2 | 28 | Activity Info |
| Acute Pulmonary Embolism | Acute pulmonary embolism is a common clinical condition with a variable clinical presentation, making its diagnosis challenging. This activity outline ... Read the Article | 2 | 27 | Activity Info |
| Acute Pyelonephritis | Acute pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection causing inflammation of the kidneys. Pyelonephritis occurs as a complication of an ascending urinary tra ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome | Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition characterized by poor oxygenation and non-compliant or "stiff" lungs. The d ... Read the Article | 2 | 30 | Activity Info |
| Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction | An acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction occurs due to occlusion of one or more coronary arteries, causing transmural myocardial ischemia which in ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Acute Stroke | Acute strokes, also known as cerebrovascular accidents, are broadly classified as either ischemic or hemorrhagic. Acute strokes result in loss of bloo ... Read the Article | 2 | 27 | Activity Info |
| Addisonian Crisis | An Addisonian crisis, or adrenal crisis, is a potentially life-threatening condition that results from an acute insufficiency of adrenal hormones (glu ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Adenosine | Adenosine has uses as both a diagnostic or therapeutic agent. As a diagnostic agent, adenosine can be utilized in myocardial perfusion stress imaging ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Adrenal Crisis | Adrenal crisis is an acute life-threatening condition precipitated by an internal or external process in the setting of known or unknown adrenal insuf ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Adrenal Insufficiency | Adrenal glands produce hormones necessary for normal body functioning; the deficiency of these hormones is called adrenal insufficiency. Adrenal insuf ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Adrenergic Drugs | Adrenergic drugs are a broad class of medications that bind to adrenergic receptors throughout the body. These receptors include: alpha-1, alpha-2, be ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Adult Dehydration | Dehydration is a common condition that affects patients of all ages. Dehydration may complicate other medical problems and may cause significant illne ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Adult Diabetic Ketoacidosis | Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is characterized by uncontrolled hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and increased body ketone concentration. It is a life- ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Agranulocytosis | Agranulocytosis is a condition in which the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is less than 100 neutrophils per microlitre of the blood. Agranulocytosis ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Albendazole | Albendazole has FDA approval for the treatment of cystic hydatid disease of the liver, lung, and peritoneum resulting from the larval form of the dog ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Albumin Colloid | Albumin is the most abundant protein in the blood and accounts for about 50 percent of all plasma proteins. It gets synthesized by the liver and secre ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Albuterol | Albuterol is used for the treatment and prevention of bronchospasm (acute or severe) in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease. It also h ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Alcohol Use Disorder | Alcohol use disorder is very common in the United States. The cause of alcohol use disorder is not well understood, however, several factors are thou ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Alcoholic Pancreatitis | Pancreatitis is defined as inflammation of the pancreas, leading to damage and dysfunction of the retroperitoneal organ. It can be classified as Acute ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Alkali Toxicity | Alkali toxicity, though rare, can lead to serious medical problems. Adult caustic ingestions are usually intentional, involving more substantial amou ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Allergic Interstitial Nephritis | Allergic interstitial nephritis (AIN) is the most common form of acute interstitial nephritis. It is most often caused by exposure to a drug. AIN is o ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Alosetron | Alosetron is a medication used to manage and treat severe diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). It is in the class of 5-HT receptor a ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Alprazolam | Alprazolam, known by various trade names, is the most commonly prescribed psychotropic medication in the United States. Alprazolam is frequently presc ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Alprostadil | Alprostadil is a medication used in the management and treatment of erectile dysfunction in males and for temporary patency of ductus arteriosus in ne ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Alteplase | Alteplase is a thrombolytic agent that is manufactured by recombinant DNA technology. It is FDA approved for use in acute ischemic stroke, pulmonary e ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Amantadine | Amantadine is an antiviral agent with mild antiparkinsonian activity. Amantadine was used in the early 2000s for Influenza A treatment. However, high ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Amebic Meningoencephalitis | Amebic encephalitis is a rare but lethal central nervous system infection caused by free-living amoebae found in freshwater, lakes, and rivers. There ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Amikacin | Amikacin is an antimicrobial with activity against more resistant gram-negative bacilli such as Acinetobacter baumanii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Amiloride | Amiloride is a medication used in the management and treatment of hypertension and heart failure. It is in the diuretic class of drugs. This activity ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Aminocaproic Acid | Aminocaproic acid, an antifibrinolytic agent, is a medication used to manage and treat acute bleeding disorders. This activity outlines the indication ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Amiodarone | Amiodarone is one of the most commonly used anti-arrhythmic drugs. While the United States FDA has labeled amiodarone for the treatment of life-threat ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Amitriptyline | Amitriptyline is FDA approved medication to treat depression in adults. The Non-FDA approved indications are anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Amphetamine | Amphetamine is a medication used in the management and treatment of ADHD and narcolepsy. It is classified as a central nervous system stimulant. This ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Amphetamine Related Psychiatric Disorders | Amphetamines belong to a class of compounds called phenethylamines which induce catecholaminergic effects in the CNS and peripheral circulation. Recre ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Amphetamine Toxicity | Amphetamine abuse is widespread, and overdose is associated with significant and negative impacts on the cardiovascular and neurological systems. Pati ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Ampicillin/Sulbactam | Ampicillin/sulbactam combination shows synergy to cover strains of bacteria resistant to ampicillin, thus providing broader coverage. This combo adds ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Anaphylaxis | Anaphylaxis is an acute, life-threatening hypersensitivity disorder, defined as a generalized, rapidly-evolving, multi-systemic allergic reaction. Ana ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 16 | Activity Info |
| Andexanet Alfa | Andexanet alfa is a recombinant modified Factor Xa protein approved by the FDA in May 2018 for the reversal of apixaban and rivaroxaban in patients wi ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Anemia Of Chronic Renal Disease | Anemia of chronic renal disease, also known as anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a form of normocytic, normochromic, hypoproliferative anemia ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Anesthetic Gases | Anesthetic gases (nitrous oxide, halothane, isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane), also known as inhaled anesthetics, are administered as primary thera ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Angina | Angina is the most common symptom of ischemic heart disease, which is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Approximately 9 million pa ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) | ACE inhibitors are medications used in the treatment and management of hypertension, which is a significant risk factor for coronary disease heart fai ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 24 | Activity Info |
| Angiotensin II | Angiotensin is a peptide endocrine hormone and an important part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, an inter-related endocrine system import ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Angular Chelitis | Angular cheilitis describes an inflammatory skin process of variable etiology occurring at the labial commissure, the angle of the mouth. It is usuall ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Anifrolumab | Anifrolumab is a novel investigational agent used in the management and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is a fully humanized IgG1k ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Anterior Cerebral Artery Stroke | Anterior cerebral artery stokes occur in the territory of the anterior cerebral artery which involve the superior and medial part of the parietal lobe ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Anthracycline Medications (Doxorubicin) | Doxorubicin is an anthracycline class medication used in the management and treatment of various types of malignancies and tumors. This activity will ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Anthracyclines | Anthracyclines are drugs extracted from Streptomyces spp and used in the treatment of various types of cancers. These agents are among the most effect ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Antiarrhythmic Medications | The antiarrhythmic medications have typically been categorized according to the Vaughan-Williams (VW) classification system. The system classifies the ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Anticholinergic Medications | Anticholinergic medications are used in the management and treatment of a wide range of diseases. This activity illustrates the indications, action, ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Anticholinergic Toxicity | Anticholinergic toxicity is commonly seen in the emergency department but is rarely fatal. According to the 2015 annual American Association of Poison ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Anticoagulation | This activity reviews the general principles in anticoagulation therapy, with highlights on the different types, indications, and perioperative impact ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Anticoagulation Safety | One class of drugs that has been implicated in serious adverse drugs reactions for many decades are the oral anticoagulants, especially warfarin. Ther ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Antiemetic Antimuscarinics | Scopolamine is a medication used in the management and treatment of motion sickness and postoperative nausea/vomiting. It is in the antimuscarinic cla ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Antiemetic Histamine H1 Receptor Blockers | First-generation antihistamines have several indications that primarily include nausea and vomiting secondary to motion sickness and vertigo, but seco ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Antiemetic Neurokinin-1 Receptor Blockers | Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonists are a new class of antiemetic drugs that possess unique anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antiemetic properties ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Antiemetic Serotonin-5-HT3 Receptor Blockers | Selective serotonin receptor (5-HT3) antagonists block serotonin both peripherally, on gastrointestinal (GI) vagal nerve terminals, and centrally in t ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Antilipemic Agent Bile Acid Sequestrants | Bile acid sequestrants are FDA approved to manage hypercholesterolemia. They can be used in combination with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) or ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis | Anti NMDAR encephalitis is a relatively common autoimmune encephalitis characterized by complex neuropsychiatric features and the presence of Immunogl ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis In Children | Anti NMDA receptor encephalitis is commonly confused with schizophrenia. Most of the available data on this illness is through published case reports. ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Antiphospholipid Syndrome | Antiphospholipid antibodies are autoantibodies that are directed against phospholipid-binding proteins. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS) is characteri ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Antiplatelet Medications | Over time, numerous antiplatelet agents have been developed with a multitude of indications. Antiplatelet medications divide into oral and parenteral ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Antisialagogues | Antisialagogues are medications often used in the management and treatment of patients with noisy breathing near the end of life. These medications ar ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Aprepitant | Aprepitant is a medication used in the management and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea and vomiti ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Argatroban | Argatroban is a medication used in the management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), which is a rare, life-threatening complication of hepari ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Arginase Deficiency | Argininemia is an autosomal recessive disorder causing hyperammonemia secondary to arginine accumulation. It is a disorder first noticed in children w ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Arsenic Toxicity | Arsenic poisoning is a global health issue affecting millions of people worldwide through environmental and occupational exposure, as well as intentio ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Ascites | Ascites is the pathologic accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity. It is the most common complication of cirrhosis and occurs in about 50% ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity Info |
| Aseptic Meningitis | Aseptic meningitis is an umbrella term for all of the causes of inflammation of the brain meninges that have negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bacter ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Aspergillosis | Aspergillosis is a disease caused by the fungus Aspergillus. It mostly occurs in the form of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), aspergilloma or al ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Aspergillus Fumigatus | Aspergillus is a ubiquitous saprophyte in nature found in air, soil and organic matter. Humans normally inhale the spore form of the fungi. However, t ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Aspiration Pneumonia | The infectious pulmonary process that occurs after abnormal entry of fluids into the lower respiratory tract is termed aspiration pneumonia. The aspir ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 18 | Activity Info |
| Asthma | Asthma is a chronic disease of the air passages characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways. Symptoms of asthma include shortness of br ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 19 | Activity Info |
| Asthma Medications | Asthma is a wide-reaching, chronic, inflammatory illness that impacts millions of people daily. It is frequently responsible for unscheduled healthcar ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Atenolol | Atenolol is a second-generation beta-1-selective adrenergic antagonist indicated in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and acute myocardi ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Atracurium | Atracurium is indicated as an addition to general anesthesia to facilitate endotracheal intubation and provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surge ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Atrial Fibrillation | Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia. It is the leading cardiac cause of stroke. Risk factors for atrial fibrillation inc ... Read the Article | 2 | 29 | Activity Info |
| Atrial Flutter | Atrial flutter, a supraventricular arrhythmia, is one of the most common rhythm disturbances of the heart. It is characterized by a fast atrial rate w ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Atrioventricular Block Second-Degree | A delay in conduction between the atria and ventricles results in an atrioventricular conduction block. This is indicated by a prolongation of the PR ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Atrioventricular Dissociation | Atrioventricular dissociation is a cardiac conduction defect where the atria and ventricles beat independently of each other. It can occur due to vari ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Atrioventricular Reciprocating Tachycardia | Atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) is a macroreentrant tachycardia that needs an accessory pathway to bypass the conventional conductio ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Atropine | Atropine or atropine sulfate carries FDA indications for anti-sialagogue/anti-vagal effect, organophosphate/muscarinic poisoning, and bradycardia. Atr ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Baclofen | Baclofen is used to treat muscle spasticity; it is FDA-approved for the management of reversible spasticity, particularly for the relief of flexor spa ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Bacteremia | Bacteremia, in the strictest sense, refers to viable bacteria in the blood. Asymptomatic bacteremia can occur in normal daily activities such as condu ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Bacterial Diarrhea | Diarrhea consists of the passage of watery and loose stools multiple times a day (usually more than 3), though specific definitions may vary when appl ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Bacterial Meningitis | Bacterial meningitis is an infection of the meninges that results in inflammation. It is a serious and life-threatening condition that requires prompt ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 16 | Activity Info |
| Bacterial Pneumonia | The word "pneumonia" originates from the ancient Greek word "pneumon," which means "lung," so the word "pneumonia" becomes "lung disease." Medically i ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 23 | Activity Info |
| Bacterial Tracheitis | Bacterial tracheitis, also known as bacterial croup, acute laryngotracheobronchitis, or membranous croup, is a potentially lethal infection of the sub ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Bacteriostatic Antibiotics | The term "bacteriostatic antibiotics" is used to describe medications whose mechanism of action stalls bacterial cellular activity without directly ca ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Bacteroides Fragilis | The human colon possesses the largest population of bacteria in the body, and the majority of these organisms are anaerobes; of these, about 25 percen ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Barbiturate Toxicity | Barbiturates are a class of sedative-hypnotic drugs. They are commonly used as antiepileptics (phenobarbital) and for the induction of general anesthe ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Bell Palsy | Bell palsy is the most common peripheral paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve with an onset that is rapid and unilateral. This is an idiopathic cond ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 14 | Activity Info |
| Benzathine Penicillin | Benzathine penicillin is formulated from two penicillin G molecules reacting with diphenylethylene diamine. It is active against gram-positive bacteri ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Benzocaine | Benzocaine is a local anesthetic used in the management of pain control. It is in the ester local anesthetic class of medications. This activity descr ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Benzodiazepine Toxicity | Since the 1960s, with the development of chlordiazepoxide and shortly thereafter diazepam, benzodiazepines quickly became popular medications secondar ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Benzodiazepines | Benzodiazepines are especially important in the cessation of seizure activity, as 1% to 2% of emergency department visits annually in the United State ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Benztropine | Benztropine is FDA approved as adjunctive therapy for all forms of parkinsonism. It is also used for drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms and the prev ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Beta 2 Agonists | Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists are a class of medications used in the frontline management and treatment of bronchial asthma and COPD. This activ ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Beta 2 Receptor Agonists/Antagonists | Beta-2 adrenergic receptors are cell-surface receptors clinically taken advantage of in the management of bronchospasm as in patients with bronchial a ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Beta Lactamase Inhibitors | Beta-lactamase inhibitors are drugs that are co-administered with beta-lactam antimicrobials to prevent antimicrobial resistance by inhibiting serine ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Beta-Blocker Toxicity | Beta-blockers antagonize beta-adrenergic receptors and are used mainly in the treatment of hypertension, heart failure, tachydysrhythmias, and angina ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Betaxolol | Betaxolol is a medication used mostly in the management and treatment of open-angle glaucoma, essential hypertension, post-myocardial infarction, and ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Bevacizumab | Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and is used for the treatment of several differen ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Bisoprolol | Bisoprolol is a medication used in the management and treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. It is in the selective beta-blocker clas ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Bivalirudin | Bivalirudin is a medication used in the management and treatment of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarc ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Blastomycosis | Blastomycosis is a fungal infection caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis. It presents as a pulmonary infection after the inhalation of spores, and it ma ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Bleeding Disorders | Hereditary bleeding disorders occur due to the absence or deficiency of specific clotting proteins. The three most common hereditary bleeding disorder ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Blister Agents | Sulfur mustard (dichlorethylsulphide) and nitrogen mustard are blistering agents, or vesicants, that have been used in chemical warfare since before t ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Bosentan | Pulmonary artery hypertension has proven to cause significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. The first-line treatment option for pulmonary artery ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Botulism | Botulism is a rare, potentially fatal syndrome of diffuse, flaccid paralysis caused by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) which is elaborated by the bacteriu ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 17 | Activity Info |
| Botulism Antitoxin | Botulinum antitoxin, also known as botulism antitoxin, is comprised of antibodies or antibody antigen-binding fragments that block the neurotoxin prod ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Brexanolone | Brexanolone is a medication used in the treatment of postpartum depression in adult women. It is in the GABA-A modulator class of medications. This ac ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Budesonide | Budesonide is a medication used in the management and treatment of the inflammatory diseases, mainly affecting the airways and gastrointestinal tract. ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Bumetanide | Bumetanide is FDA approved for the management of various edematous conditions secondary to cardiac failure, or hepatic or renal disease, including the ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Bupivacaine | Bupivacaine is a potent local anesthetic with unique characteristics from the amide group of local anesthetics. Local anesthetics are used in regional ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Caffeine | Caffeine is a naturally occurring, central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class and is the most widely taken psychoactive stimul ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Caffeine Toxicity | Caffeine is a stimulant that has been utilized globally for centuries secondary to its ability to improve mental alertness. As many as 85% of American ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Calcified Plaque | Coronary artery calcification is frequently encountered during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Calcified plaque poses numerous challenges t ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Calcium Gluconate | Calcium gluconate is a medication used in the management of hypocalcemia, cardiac arrest and cardiotoxicity due to hyperkalemia or hypermagnesemia. It ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease | Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) is a crystal deposition arthropathy involving the synovial and periarticular tissues. Its clinical pre ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Campylobacter | Campylobacter is a bacterial species that represent one of the most common causes of diarrheal illness worldwide. This infection is associated with th ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Candida Auris | Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen that is associated with nosocomial infections and is considered a serious global health threat. It has nu ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Cannabidiol (CBD) | CBD is a medication used in the management and treatment of the seizure disorders Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome. This activity describes ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Carbamazepine Toxicity | Carbamazepine is a commonly prescribed agent for focal epilepsy and other nonepileptic conditions such as neuropathic pain, schizophrenia, and bipolar ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae | Gram-negative bacterial resistance to antibiotics has decreased the physician’s ability to combat infection. Carbapenems are the most potent beta-lact ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors is a medication used in the management and treatment of glaucoma, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, altitude sicknes ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Carcinoid Syndrome | Carcinoid syndrome refers to a number of symptoms caused by the release of humoral factors such as polypeptides, prostaglandins, and biogenic amines. ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Cardiac Arrest | As defined by the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology, "(sudden) cardiac arrest is the sudden cessation of cardiac activ ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Cardioactive Steroid Toxicity | Cardioactive steroids (CAS) are medically important compounds historically used for conditions like edema and "dropsy." They are available in several ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema | Pulmonary edema refers to the accumulation of excessive fluid in the alveolar walls and alveolar spaces of the lungs. It can be a life-threatening con ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Cardiogenic Shock | Cardiogenic shock is a primary cardiac disorder characterized by a low cardiac output state of circulatory failure that results in end-organ hypoperfu ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity Info |
| Cardiorenal Syndrome | The cardiorenal syndrome includes multiple subtypes based on underlying pathology and chronicity. Each subtype involves unique pathophysiology, and th ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Carvedilol | Carvedilol is a non-selective adrenergic blocker indicated for the chronic therapy of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), hypertensi ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Caspofungin | Caspofungin is a drug in the echinocandins class of medications, used in the management and treatment of several medical conditions. These conditions ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Cefepime | Cefepime is a cephalosporin in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics used in the management and treatment of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Cellulitis | Cellulitis is a common bacterial skin infection, with over 14 million cases occurring in the United States annually. This activity educates the learne ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Centipede Envenomation | Centipede bites are uncommon but can be clinically significant in regards to patient discomfort, morbidity, and mortality. Prompt diagnosis and treat ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Central Pontine Myelinolysis | Central pontine myelinolysis is a rare neurologic condition most frequently caused by the rapid correction of hyponatremia. This activity reviews the ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Cephalexin | Cephalexin is an FDA approved antibiotic. Cephalexin is a first-generation cephalosporin utilized in the treatment of urinary tract infections, respir ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Cerebral Edema | The most basic definition of cerebral edema is swelling of the brain. It is a relatively common phenomenon with numerous etiologies. Cerebral edema c ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome | Cerebral salt wasting (CSW) is a potential cause of hyponatremia in the setting of disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Cerebral salt wasting ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Cerebral Venous Thrombosis | Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), which includes thrombosis of the cerebral veins and the dural sinuses, is a rare disorder that can lead to significa ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Cerebrovascular Disease | A stroke, or cerebrovascular accident, is an emergency medical condition characterized by an acute compromise of the cerebral perfusion or vasculature ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Cetuximab | Cetuximab is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor with the following FDA-approved indications: colorectal cancer, metastatic, KRAS wil ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Charcot Neuropathic Osteoarthropathy | Charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy is a destructive joint disorder initiated by trauma to a neuropathic extremity. It can lead to dislocations and f ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Chest Pain | Chest pain is a common complaint and encompasses a broad differential diagnosis that includes several life-threatening causes. A workup must focus on ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Chloramphenicol | Chloramphenicol is a medication used in the management and treatment of superficial eye infections such as bacterial conjunctivitis, and otitis extern ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Chlorpromazine | Chlorpromazine is a medication used in the management and treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and acute psychosis. It is in the category of ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Cholera | Cholera is an acute secretory diarrheal illness caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae. It is estimated to cause upwards of four million cases per yea ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Cholinergic Toxicity | Cholinergic toxicity is caused by substances that stimulate, enhance or mimic the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, the primary neurotransmitter of the ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Cholinesterase Inhibitors | Cholinesterase inhibitors function to decrease the breakdown of acetylcholine. They SEe use in the treatment of Alzheimer and dementia symptoms. This ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Chorioretinitis | Chorioretinitis is a type of uveitis affecting the posterior segment of the eye. It is a vision-threatening condition that is associated with many sys ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Chromaffin Cell Cancer | Pheochromocytoma is a tumor that arises from chromaffin cells present in the adrenal medulla or paraganglion cells. It can present with vague symptoms ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Chronic Emphysema | Pulmonary emphysema is a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that is defined as a pathological, permanent dilatation of distal airways (resp ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Chronic Liver Disease | Chronic liver disease is a progressive deterioration of liver functions. Liver functions include the production of clotting factors and other proteins ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Chronic Pain | Over one-quarter of United States citizens suffer from chronic pain. It is among the most common complaints seen in an outpatient clinic. The failure ... Read the Article | 2.75 | 43 | Activity Info |
| Chronic Renal Failure | Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as the presence of kidney damage or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 ml/min per 1.7 ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 20 | Activity Info |
| Chronic Thrombo-Embolic Pulmonary Hypertension | Chronic pulmonary embolism (also known as chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension) is a potentially life-threatening condition and is associated ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Chronic Transplantation Rejection | Transplant rejection can be classified as hyperacute, acute, or chronic. Hyperacute rejection is usually caused by specific antibodies against the gra ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Cinacalcet | Cinacalcet is a medication used in the management and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (on dialysis population), primary hyperparathyroidism ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Clomipramine | The only FDA approved use for clomipramine is for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in ages 10 and older. For the treatment of OCD, clomipr ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Clonazepam | Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine drug used for the acute management of panic disorder, epilepsy, and non-convulsive status epilepticus. It also has many ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Clonidine | Clonidine is an antihypertensive medication that acts on alpha-adrenergic and imidazoline receptors agonists. Clonidine is an antihypertensive drug th ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Clostridium Difficile | Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive bacterium that is the cause most implicated in antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The emergence of a newer hyper ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity Info |
| Clotrimazole | Clotrimazole is a medication used in the management and treatment of fungal infections. It is in the imidazole class of drugs. This activity outlines ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Clozapine | Clozapine is an FDA-approved atypical antipsychotic medication for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Clozapine is not the first-line drug of choice d ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Cocaine | Cocaine hydrochloride topical solution contains 4% cocaine. It is not FDA-approved but allowed for only the following indications: topical anesthesia ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Cocaine Toxicity | Cocaine abuse is a major worldwide health problem. Patients with acute cocaine toxicity may require urgent treatment for tachycardia, dysrhythmia, hyp ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Codeine | Codeine is a medication used in the management and treatment of chronic pain. It is in the opioid class of medications. This activity outlines the ind ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Colon Diverticulitis | Diverticulitis has increased in incidence over the past few decades and represents a significant healthcare burden in western countries. In the United ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 17 | Activity Info |
| Common Variable Immunodeficiency | Common variable immunodeficiency is a disorder characterized by defective B cell function leading to impaired immunoglobulin production. It can presen ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Community-Acquired Pneumonia | Community-acquired pneumonia is a leading cause of hospitalization, mortality, and incurs significant health care costs. As disease presentation varie ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 19 | Activity Info |
| Complex Partial Seizure | Complex partial seizures, also known as focal impaired awareness seizures or focal onset impaired awareness seizures, refers to focal seizures that st ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Congenital Syphilis | Congenital syphilis (CS) is caused by transmission of the spirochete Treponema pallidum from mother to fetus, resulting in diverse clinical presentati ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Congestive Heart Failure | Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the requirements of the body. It results from a ... Read the Article | 2.25 | 36 | Activity Info |
| Contrast-Induced Nephropathy | Iodine contrast medium is essential in invasive and interventional cardiac procedures. Because of an increasing number of coronary angiography and cor ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Copper Toxicity | Copper metabolism plays an important role in physiologic homeostasis. Copper toxicity, however, induces several pathologic processes that are detrimen ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Coronary Artery Disease Prevention | In the United States, cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality, morbidity, and increased healthcare cost. According to the AHA ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Coronary Stents | Coronary stents (CS) are expandable tubular metallic devices which are introduced into coronary arteries that are clogged due to an underlying atheros ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Corticosteroid Induced Myopathy | Corticosteroid induced myopathy is an iatrogenic myopathy caused by chronic high to moderate systemic corticosteroid use. This is a common condition w ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Corticosteroids | Corticosteroids are drugs used in the management and treatment of almost all areas in medicine. This activity outlines the indications, action, and co ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Cough | Cough is one of the most common medical complaints accounting for as many as 30 million clinical visits per year. Up to 40% of these complaints result ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 12 | Activity Info |
| COX Inhibitors | COX inhibitors are medications used in the management and treatment of chronic pain syndromes. They are in the anti-inflammatory class of drugs. This ... Read the Article | 1 | 3 | Activity Info |
| Cromolyn Sodium | Cromolyn sodium is a medication used in the management of bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, and certain allergic eye conditions such as vernal conj ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Cryptococcal Meningitis | Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic infection that causes more than 100,000 HIV-related deaths each year. Although the infection is usually HIV-related ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 19 | Activity Info |
| Crystalloid Fluids | Crystalloid fluids are a subset of intravenous solutions that are frequently used in the clinical setting. Crystalloid fluids are the first choice for ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Cyanide Toxicity | Cyanide is a rapidly acting substance that is traditionally known as a poison. Hydrogen cyanide was first isolated from Prussian blue dye in 1786 and ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Cyanosis | Cyanosis is characterized by a blueish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes. Cyanosis is frequently encountered in clinical practice, and the ... Read the Article | 1 | 3 | Activity Info |
| Cystic Fibrosis | Until relatively modern times, cystic fibrosis was poorly understood. In 1949, Lowe et al. postulated that cystic fibrosis must be caused by a geneti ... Read the Article | 2.25 | 33 | Activity Info |
| Dantrolene | Dantrolene sodium is a postsynaptic muscle relaxant with multiple indications in the fields of anesthesiology and neurology. While there are many indi ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Daptomycin | Daptomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic derived from the organism Streptomyces roseosporus. Daptomycin is used for the treatment of various bact ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Daunorubicin | Daunorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic mainly used to treat various types of cancers, especially leukemias. It can be used to treat both acute an ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Deadly Single Dose Agents | Although the basics of evaluating and treating most unknown ingestants are well known, many overdoses require very specific treatment if the patient i ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Deep Vein Thrombosis | A deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms within the deep veins, usually of the leg, but can occur in the veins of the arms and the mese ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Delirium | Delirium, also known as the acute confusional state, is a clinical syndrome that usually develops in the elderly. It is characterized by an alteration ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity Info |
| Delirium Tremens | Alcohol abuse is a common condition that has been associated with severe impairments in social functioning and medical problems. As high as 20% of the ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs | Neuromuscular blocking agents are commonly used to paralyze patients requiring intubation whether in an emergency as a life-saving intervention or for ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Desflurane | The FDA-approved indications for desflurane are induction or maintenance of anesthesia in adults. It may also be used for maintenance of anesthesia in ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Dexmedetomidine | The FDA-approved indications for dexmedetomidine are sedation of intubated and mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), and ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Dextran | Dextran is a medication used in the management and treatment of various clinical conditions, including during hemorrhage, shock, surgical procedures, ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Dextromethorphan | Dextromethorphan received FDA approval in 1958 for its use as a cough suppressant. It is one of the most common compounds found in the majority of the ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 | Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. It may be due to impaired insulin secretion, resista ... Read the Article | 2 | 30 | Activity Info |
| Diabetic Nephropathy | Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in developed countries, including the United States. It is consider ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Diclofenac | Diclofenac is a medication used in the management and treatment of inflammatory conditions and pain. It is in the class of non-steroidal anti-inflamma ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Digoxin | Digoxin is a medication used in the management and treatment of heart failure and certain arrhythmias and abortion. It is in the cardiac glycoside cla ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 23 | Activity Info |
| Digoxin Immune Fab | Digoxin immune fab is a medication used in the management and treatment of digoxin toxicity. Most toxicity cases are seen in patients with a past medi ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Digoxin Toxicity | Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside derived from the foxglove plant (digitalis species). It has inotropic effects and is utilized in the management of syst ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Dilated Cardiomyopathy | Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of the heart muscle characterized by enlargement and dilation of one or both of the ventricles along with im ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Diltiazem | Diltiazem is an oral and parenteral non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is used in many clinical scenarios as an antihypertensive, anti-ar ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Dimercaprol | Dimercaprol is a medication used in the treatment of toxic exposure to arsenic, mercury, gold, and lead. It is in the chelating class of drugs. This a ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Diphenhydramine | Diphenhydramine, which is available as an over-the-counter medication, is a first-generation antihistamine that is used in a variety of conditions to ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Diphenhydramine Toxicity | Diphenhydramine is most often used for the treatment of nausea, vomiting, allergic rhinitis, mild to severe allergic reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis), an ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Diphenoxylate and Atropine | Diphenoxylate/atropine combination is a medication used in the management and treatment of diarrhea. It is in the antimotility class of drugs. This ac ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Disopyramide | Disopyramide is a medication used for the treatment of heart rhythm abnormalities, which can be life-threatening, such as ventricular tachycardia/fibr ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation | Disseminated intravascular coagulation can be defined is a widespread hypercoagulable state that can lead to both microvascular and macrovascular clot ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Disulfiram | Disulfiram is one of three drugs approved by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of alcohol dependence. It is a second-line option ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Dobutamine | The FDA approveD dobutamine for short-term use in patients with decreased contractility due to heart failure or cardiac surgical procedures leading to ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Dofetilide | Clinical uses of dofetilide include maintaining sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation. Dofetilide is indicated in adults for the conversio ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Dopamine | Dopamine is a peripheral vasostimulant used to treat low blood pressure, low heart rate, and cardiac arrest. Low infusion rates (0.5 to 2 micrograms/k ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Dopamine Agonists | Dopamine agonists are used in patients with Parkinson disease. Dopamine agonists such as ropinirole, are the first-line treatment for restless legs sy ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Doxepin | Doxepin is a medication used in the treatment of major depressive disorder, anxiety, insomnia as well as in the management of skin pruritus. It is in ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Doxylamine | Doxylamine is a medication used in the management and treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), allergic rhinitis, and insomnia. It is in t ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Drug and Alcohol Use | The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition includes 10 separate classes of drugs of abuse, which include alcohol, caffei ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Drug Induced Hepatotoxicity | Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is an acute or chronic liver injury secondary to drugs or herbal compounds. It is difficult to diagnose because the presen ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Drug Induced Valvular Heart Disease | Drug-induced valvular heart disease (DIVHD) is a condition involving changes in the morphology and functionality of valvular leaflets secondary to exp ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Drug Interactions In Palliative Care | Drug-drug interactions (DDI) are a significant cause of adverse drug events (ADE) in palliative care. This activity will highlight the mechanism of ac ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Drug Metabolism | Most drugs undergo chemical alteration by various bodily systems as a way to create compounds that are more easily excreted from the body. These chemi ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| ECG T Wave | Normally, the T wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) is representative of ventricular repolarization. Changes in T wave morphology can be indicative of ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Echinococcus Granulosus | Echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosis) is a zoonotic larval infection that infects humans globally. Patients with this condition may be asymptomatic ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Eclampsia | This article discusses preeclampsia and eclampsia, one of the four categories of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Eclampsia is a severe complicati ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Edoxaban | Edoxaban is a medication used in the management and treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE), deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and non-valvular atrial fibril ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Enalapril | Enalapril is a medication used in the management of hypertension and congestive heart failure. It is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. This ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Enalaprilat | Enalaprilat injection is used in the management of hypertension when oral therapy is not practical. Enalaprilat is the active metabolite of the oral p ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| End of Life Care | Unlike other conditions and life experiences, which only affect a certain percentage of the world’s population, the end-of-life is a stage in the proc ... Read the Article | 2.5 | 36 | Activity Info |
| Endocarditis | Infective endocarditis is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in children and adolescents despite new advantages in management and prophyla ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| End-Stage Renal Disease | More than 500,000 people in the United States live with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its progre ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Enoxaparin | Enoxaparin is low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and was first approved for medical use in 1993 and is derived from heparin. It has approval for the ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Enterococcus Infections | Enterococci are Gram-positive facultative anaerobic cocci in short and medium chains, which cause difficult to treat infections in the nosocomial sett ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Ephedrine | Ephedrine is a medication used in the management and treatment of clinically significant hypotension. It is in the sympathomimetic class of medication ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Epidural Morphine | Epidural morphine is a medication used for analgesia, as an adjunct to general anesthesia, or as a sole technique for surgical anesthesia. Morphine wa ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Epinephrine | Epinephrine is one of the most commonly used agents in a variety of settings as it functions as medication and hormone. It is currently FDA-approved f ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 17 | Activity Info |
| Eptifibatide | Eptifibatide is a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa class platelet inhibitor drug used to reduce ischemic cardiac events in specific patient populations. This act ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Erythropoietin | Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone, naturally produced by the peritubular cells of the kidney, that stimulates red blood cell production. ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Escitalopram | Escitalopram is a medication used in the management and treatment of major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. It is in the selectiv ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Esmolol | Esmolol (esmolol hydrochloride) is an intravenous cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist. Esmolol is used in various settings including urgent c ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Esophagitis | Esophagitis refers to inflammation or injury to the esophageal mucosa. One of the most common causes is gastroesophageal reflux, which can lead to ero ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Essential Hypertension | The current definition of hypertension (HTN) is systolic blood pressure (SBP) values of 130mmHg or more and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) more tha ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 19 | Activity Info |
| Ethacrynic Acid | Ethacrynic acid is a medication used in the management and treatment of chronic heart failure. It is in the loop diuretic class of drugs. This activit ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a medication used in the management and treatment of heavy metal toxicity. It is in the chelating class of d ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Etomidate | Etomidate is an ultrashort-acting, non-barbiturate hypnotic intravenous anesthetic agent. It is administered only by intravenous route. Etomidate has ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis | Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EDKA) is an uncommon diabetic complication associated with several risk factors such as fasting, surgery, pregnancy, ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Evaluation And Management of Perioperative Hypertension | This activity reviews the role of the interprofessional team involved in the perioperative care of patients with hypertension (HTN). These providers i ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Exenatide | Exenatide is FDA-indicated to improve glycemic control in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus when used as an adjunct to diet and exercise. I ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Factitious Hypoglycemia | Factitious hypoglycemia is the intentional attempt to induce low blood glucose levels and remains one of the diagnostic challenges that face endocrino ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Famotidine | Famotidine decreases the production of stomach acid, and its pharmacologic activity is used in the treatment of acid-related gastrointestinal conditio ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Fenoldopam | Fenoldopam is used primarily for the lowering of blood pressure during episodes of severe hypertension. Fenoldopam has a unique mechanism of action co ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Fibrinogen | Fibrinogen is a 340kDa hexameric plasma glycoprotein synthesized by the liver and is the major structural component of a clot. The type of fibrinogen ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Filgrastim | Filgrastim is a medication used for the management and treatment of neutropenia in patients with myelosuppression from chemotherapy or radiation, whic ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Fire Ant Bites | Fire ants tend to be an aggressive insect that will sting causing very painful reactions. There are two types of fire ants which belong to the Soleno ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Flucytosine | Flucytosine is a medication used in the management and treatment of systemic and severe candida and cryptococcus infections. It is in the antimetaboli ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Flumazenil | Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist. The primary FDA-approved clinical uses for flumazenil include reversal agent for benzodiazepine overdose an ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Fluorescein | Fluorescein is a diagnostic contrast agent particularly used in various ophthalmic procedures, such as checking for any corneal or vessel abnormalitie ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Fluorouracil | 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a medication used for the treatment of various neoplasms. It is in the chemotherapy class of medications. This activity outli ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Fluoxetine | Fluoxetine is FDA-approved for major depressive disorder (age eight and older), obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, bulimia, binge eating d ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Foscarnet | Foscarnet is a medication used to manage and treat CMV, HSV, and VZV viral infections in AIDS and immunocompromised patients. It is in the antiviral c ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Fosphenytoin | Fosphenytoin is a medication used in the management and prevention of seizures. It is a water-soluble phenytoin prodrug with the capability to be used ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) | Fresh frozen plasma is indicated for the deficiency of coagulation factors with abnormal coagulation tests in the presence of active bleeding. Fresh f ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Fungal Endocarditis | Endocarditis is the inflammation of the endocardium, the innermost lining of the heart. Endocarditis may be due to infective or non-infective etiologi ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Fungal Endophthalmitis | Fungal endophthalmitis is a rare disease of ocular inflammation caused by fungal infections from either endogenous or exogenous sources. Because the c ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Gabapentin | Gabapentin is an anticonvulsive medication that originally saw use as a muscle relaxer and anti-spasmodic medication, but later it was discovered it h ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Gastric Ulcer | Gastric ulcers are a break in the mucosa of the stomach lining that penetrates through the muscularis mucosa and extends more than 5 mm in diameter. W ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Gemfibrozil | Gemfibrozil is an FDA approved fibric acid agent (fibrate) for the management of hypertriglyceridemia (particularly in type IV and V hyperlipidemia). ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure | This activity reviews generalized tonic-clonic seizures. A generalized tonic-clonic seizure, formerly known as grand mal seizure, is defined as a seiz ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Gentamicin | Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used in the treatment of several gram-negative infections. This activity aims to review the indications, ac ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Ginkgo Biloba | Ginkgo biloba is one of the most commonly used herbal supplements used in the world. This activity reviews the potential indications, action, and cont ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Glargine Insulin | Insulin glargine is used in the management and treatment of hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is a long-acting in ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Glucagon | Glucagon is a medication used in the management and treatment of hypoglycemia, as an antidote to beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker overdose, an ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors | Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) inhibitors prevent platelet aggregation by blocking glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors on their platelet's plasma mem ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Glycopyrrolate | Glycopyrrolate, also known as glycopyrronium, is an anticholinergic drug. Glycopyrrolate has been widely used as a preoperative medication to inhibit ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Gonococcal Arthritis | Gonococcal arthritis is arthritis that results from the bacteremic spread of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a sexually transmitted pathogen. It comprises loca ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Gout | Gout is one of the most common causes of chronic inflammatory arthritis in the United States, which is characterized by monosodium urate (MSU) monohyd ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 16 | Activity Info |
| Graft Versus Host Disease | Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurs due to the presence of immunocompetent T lymphocytes in the graft attacking the immunodeficient recipient tiss ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Graves Disease | Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is a disorder with systemic manifestations that primarily affect heart, skeletal muscl ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Gray Baby Syndrome | Gray baby syndrome is an adverse reaction to chloramphenicol that is characterized by abdominal distention, hemodynamic collapse, and ashen-gray skin ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Group B Coxsackie Virus | Coxsackie B virus belongs to the Picornavirus family and can cause a variety of diseases, including gastrointestinal illness, myocarditis, pneumonia, ... Read the Article | 1 | 2 | Activity Info |
| Guillain Barre Syndrome | Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a rare but serious post-infectious immune-mediated neuropathy. It results from the autoimmune destruction of nerves i ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 17 | Activity Info |
| H2 Blockers | H2 receptor blockers, or H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), are a class of gastric acid-suppressing agents frequently used in various gastric conditions ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Haloperidol | Haloperidol is a first-generation (typical) antipsychotic that is a commonly used drug worldwide. Haloperidol is used for positive symptoms of schizop ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Halothane Toxicity | Halothane is a medication previously used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. After its large impact on medicine and anesthesia speci ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Hematuria | Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine. Hematuria can be gross or microscopic; gross hematuria is visible blood in urine whereas microscopic ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Hemiplegic Migraine | A hemiplegic migraine is a rare form of migraine in which the migraine headache attack is accompanied by unilateral weakness. Typically, migraine aura ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Hemochromatosis | Hemochromatosis is a disorder that causes excess iron deposition and, in turn, multiple organ dysfunction. Organs affected by hemochromatosis include ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 23 | Activity Info |
| Hemodialysis | Dialysis is a form of renal replacement therapy. The kidney’s role of filtration of the blood is supplemented by artificial equipment for the removal ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction | Hemolytic transfusion reactions are one possible complication from transfusions. Hemolysis is the rupture of red blood cells, and can occur intravascu ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Hemophilia A | Hemophilia encompasses a group of inherited disorders that alter blood coagulation. Classical hemophilia, also known as hemophilia A, is a hereditary ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Hemorrhagic Shock | Shock refers to the inadequate perfusion of tissues due to the imbalance between oxygen demand of tissues and the body’s ability to supply it. Classic ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Heparin | Unfractionated heparin is an anticoagulant indicated for both the prevention and treatment of thrombotic events such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia | Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a severe complication that can occur in patients exposed to any form or amount of heparin products. A fall i ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 16 | Activity Info |
| Hepatic Cirrhosis | Cirrhosis is characterized by fibrosis and nodule formation of the liver secondary to chronic injury, leading to alteration of the normal lobular orga ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 18 | Activity Info |
| Hepatic Encephalopathy | Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) is a reversible syndrome observed in patients with advanced liver dysfunction. This syndrome is characterized by a wide sp ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 16 | Activity Info |
| Hepatitis B | Hepatitis B infection is a serious global healthcare problem. Often transmitted via body fluids like blood, semen, and vaginal secretions, the hepatit ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 24 | Activity Info |
| Herpes Simplex Encephalitis | Herpes simplex encephalitis is caused by Herpes Simplex Virus type 1(HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2). HSV-1 causes encephalitis in children beyond the neonat ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 17 | Activity Info |
| Herpes Zoster | Herpes zoster, also known as shingles, is a viral syndrome caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus. After an episode of varicella (chicke ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Histamine Toxicity | Scombroid poisoning results from eating fish that have been improperly stored. The primary toxic agent implicated in scombroid toxicity is histidine, ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity Info |
| HIV Disease Current Practice | The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an enveloped retrovirus that contains 2 copies of a single-stranded RNA genome. It causes the acquired immun ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 16 | Activity Info |
| HIV-1 Associated Toxoplasmosis | Toxoplasmosis is a common cause of central nervous system (CNS) infection in patients with HIV/AIDS who do not take appropriate prophylaxis. Cerebral ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are lipid-lowering medications used in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. This act ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Hospital Acquired Infections | Hospital-acquired infections (healthcare-associated infections) are nosocomially acquired infections that are not present or incubating at the time of ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Human Insulin | The management of type 1 diabetes mellitus entails replacing the actions of the beta cells of the pancreatic islet to detect the needs of insulin and ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Hydralazine | Hydralazine is used orally as a therapeutic agent to treat essential hypertension and intravenously to lower blood pressure urgently or emergently. FD ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Hydrofluoric Acid Burns | Hydrofluoric (HF) acid is an extremely powerful inorganic acid and a vigorous dehydrating agent that is used in many industrial branches. Domestic con ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Hydromorphone | Hydromorphone is a medication used in the management and treatment of moderate to severe acute pain as well as severe chronic pain. It is in the opioi ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Hydroxocobalamin | Hydroxocobalamin is a medication used in the management and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency and acute cyanide toxicity. It is in the anti-anemic c ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Hymenoptera Stings | The Hymenoptera order includes over 150,000 different species of flying and non-flying insects. Some species within this order have modified oviposito ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Hyperaldosteronism | Hyperaldosteronism occurs due to the excess production of aldosterone from the adrenal gland. Hyperaldosteronism can initially present as essential an ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Hypercalcemia | Calcium is the most abundant cation found in the human body and plays an integral role in neural transmission, enzyme activity, myocardial function, c ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 18 | Activity Info |
| Hyperchloremic Acidosis | Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis is a pathological state that results from bicarbonate loss, rather than acid production or retention. Bicarbonate lo ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Hypercortisolism | Hypercortisolism refers to the clinical state resulting from excess tissue exposure to cortisol and/or other glucocorticoids. When such exposure is su ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Hyperkalemia | Hyperkalemia is defined as a serum or plasma potassium level above the upper limits of normal, usually greater than 5.0 mEq/L to 5.5 mEq/L. While mild ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis | Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) classified as an interstitial lung disease is characterized by a complex immunological reaction of the lung parenchy ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Hypertensive Urgency | Hypertensive urgency is a marked elevation in blood pressure without evidence of target organ damage, such as pulmonary edema, cardiac ischemia, neuro ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Hyperthyroidism | The thyroid gland is a bilobed structure located in the anterior aspect of the trachea between the cricoid cartilage and the suprasternal notch. Each ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 23 | Activity Info |
| Hypertonic Fluids | Clinicians use hypertonic fluids to increase intravascular fluid volume. Hypertonic saline can be utilized in the treatment of hyponatremia. Hypertoni ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Hyperuricemia | Hyperuricemia is a common disorder that affects patients of all ages and genders. The most common manifestation of hyperuricemia is gout, which can be ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Hypocalcemia | Disorders of calcium metabolism are frequently encountered. Though hypocalcemia is encountered as frequently as hypercalcemia, it can be potentially l ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Hypocarbia | Hypocarbia, also known as hypocapnia, is a decrease in alveolar and blood carbon dioxide (CO2) levels below the normal reference range of 35 mm Hg. CO ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Hypokalemia | One of the most common electrolyte disturbances seen in clinical practice is hypokalemia. Hypokalemia is more prevalent than hyperkalemia, and most ca ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Hyponatremia | Hyponatremia is defined as a serum sodium concentration of less than 135 mEq/L but can vary to a small extent in different laboratories. Hyponatremia ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Hypotension | Hypotension is a decrease in systemic blood pressure below accepted low values. While there is not an accepted standard hypotensive value, pressures l ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Hypothermia | Accidental hypothermia occurs when the body dissipates more heat than it absorbs or creates, leaving the body unable to generate sufficient heat to ma ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 16 | Activity Info |
| Hypothyroidism | Hypothyroidism results from low levels of thyroid hormone with varied etiology and manifestations. The drug of choice for the treatment of hypothyroid ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 20 | Activity Info |
| Hypovolemia | Hypovolemia refers to a state of low extracellular fluid volume, generally secondary to combined sodium and water loss. All living organisms must main ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| ICU Delirium | Delirium is defined by DSM-5 criteria as an impairment in attention and awareness that develops over a relatively short time interval that is associat ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis | Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lung disorder where there is scarring of the lungs from an unknown cause. It is usually a progressive disease ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis | Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare disease characterized by repeated episodes of a diffuse alveolar hemorrhage resulting in the accumu ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Idioventricular Rhythm | Idioventricular rhythm is a slow regular ventricular rhythm with a rate of less than 50 bpm, absence of P waves, and a prolonged QRS interval. When th ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Imipramine | Imipramine is a medication used in the treatment of depression and anxiety. It is a tertiary amine tricyclic antidepressant. This activity reviews the ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Inamrinone | Inamrinone is a medication used in the short-term management and treatment of congestive heart failure. It is a phosphodiesterase-III inhibitor, which ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Increased Intracranial Pressure | The pressure in the cranial vault is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and is normally less than 20 mm Hg. The cranium is a rigid structure ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Indinavir | Indinavir is an alpha-amino acid amide protease inhibitor used as a treatment therapy for Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, which can lea ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Inferior Myocardial Infarction | Without timely treatment, coronary artery occlusion results in decreased perfusion to the myocardium, resulting in myocardial ischemia followed by my ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Infliximab | Infliximab is a biologic, monoclonal-antibody drug. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Infliximab for moderate to sever ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Inhalational Anesthetic | Inhalation anesthetics (nitrous oxide, halothane, isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane most commonly used agents in practice today) are used for induct ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Inotropes And Vasopressors | Vasopressors and inotropes are medications used to create vasoconstriction or increase cardiac contractility, respectively, in patients with shock. Th ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Insulin Resistance | Insulin resistance is identified as an impaired biologic response to insulin stimulation of target tissues, primarily the liver, muscle, and adipose t ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Interstitial Lung Disease | Interstitial lung disease (diffused parenchymal diseases) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by fibrosis (scarring) of the lungs. Th ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Intracranial Hypertension | Intracranial hypertension is a spectrum of neurological disorders where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure within the skull is elevated. Normal CSF pr ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Intubation Endotracheal Tube Medications | Mastering the skill of endotracheal intubation to secure airway plays a critical role in many settings such as pre-hospital environments, emergency ro ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Iontophoresis Analgesic Medications | Analgesic iontophoresis is the administration of analgesic medications via iontophoresis used in the management and treatment of pain. The technique m ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Iron | Iron is a mineral essential to the human body. It is administered for the treatment of iron deficiency. It is available in many formulations that belo ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Iron Dextran | Iron dextran is an injectable medication used in the management of iron deficiency anemia, particularly in patients who are unable to tolerate iron by ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Ischemic Stroke | Cerebrovascular accidents, commonly known as strokes, are prevalent across patient populations and can be a significant cause of morbidity and mortali ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Isoniazid Toxicity | Isoniazid (INH) is a potent bactericidal antibiotic used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Treatment with INH therapy has a risk of toxicity, which ca ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Isoproterenol | Isoproterenol is a beta-1, and beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist indicated primarily for bradydysrhythmias. The administration and subsequent post-ad ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Isosorbide | Isosorbide is a medication used in the treatment and prevention of angina pectoris in patients with coronary heart disease. It is in the nitrate class ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| ITP-Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura | Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune pathology characterized by a low platelet count, purpura, and hemorrhagic episodes caused by an ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Jarisch Herxheimer Reaction | Jarisch Herxheimer reaction (JHR) is a transient clinical phenomenon that occurs in patients infected by spirochetes who undergo antibiotic treatment. ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia | Junctional ectopic tachycardia is an arrhythmia usually present in infants but has been seen in older children as well. It can be congenital or postop ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Junctional Rhythm | The sinoatrial node is the natural cardiac pacemaker located in the upper right atrium. The atrioventricular node is a separate cardiac pacemaker loca ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Ketamine | Ketamine (ketamine hydrochloride) has been approved for general anesthesia either alone or in combination with other medications. It is a superb drug ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Ketamine In Acute and Chronic Pain Management | Acute and chronic pain remain important health problems both in the United States and worldwide. With the rise in the prevalence of many chronic degen ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Ketamine Toxicity | Ketamine is a structural analog of the dissociative anesthetic and recreational drug phencyclidine (PCP). Similar to phencyclidine, ketamine causes an ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Kidney Transplantation | Kidney transplantation is performed to prolong and improve the lives of those with end-stage renal disease. Open and laparoscopic surgery are the two ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity Info |
| Kingella Kingae | This activity reviews the microbiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology and the clinical manifestations of Kingella kingae infection. It also highlights ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Klebsiella Pneumonia | In 1882, Carl Friedlander first described Klebsiella pneumoniae as an encapsulated bacillus after isolating the bacterium from the lungs of those who ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Kwashiorkor | Kwashiorkor is a disease marked by severe protein malnutrition and bilateral extremity swelling. It usually affects infants and children, most often a ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Labetalol | Due to their negative inotropic and chronotropic actions, beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists are typically indicated in individuals with chronic car ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Lactulose | Lactulose is used in preventing and treating clinical portal-systemic encephalopathy. Its chief mechanism of action is by decreasing the intestinal pr ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Lamotrigine | Lamotrigine can be used to treat the following partial seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, bipolar I disorder maintenance and Lennox- ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Laryngotracheobronchitis | Laryngotracheobronchitis, as the name implies, refers to inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Cases of laryngotracheobronchitis can be mo ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Lead Toxicity | Lead became a common occupational toxin with the birth of the Industrial Revolution, by the end of the 19-century childhood lead poisoning secondary t ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 14 | Activity Info |
| Left Atrial Enlargement | Left atrial enlargement (LAE) is an anatomic variation of the left atria and is a result of increased left atrial pressure for a prolonged period. Lef ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Left Ventricular Hypertrophy | Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a condition in which an increase in left ventricular mass occurs secondary to an increase in wall thickness, an ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Left Ventricular Non-compaction Cardiomyopathy | Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a very rare congenital cardiomyopathy. It is a disease of endomyocardial trabeculations that increase in num ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Leishmaniasis | Leishmaniasis is a protozoan disease transmitted by sandflies that is most commonly seen in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Latin America. As travel pattern ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Leptospirosis | Leptospirosis, also called Weil disease, is the most common zoonotic infection in the world. Leptospirosis is caused by an infection with the spiroche ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Levodopa (L-Dopa) | Levodopa is the precursor to dopamine. Most commonly, clinicians use levodopa as a dopamine replacement agent for the treatment of Parkinson's disease ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Levofloxacin | Levofloxacin is FDA-approved for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia, community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, acute bacterial ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Levothyroxine | Oral levothyroxine is primarily indicated for the treatment of primary, secondary, and tertiary hypothyroidism. Primary hypothyroidism is when the pro ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Lidocaine | Lidocaine is a local anesthetic agent that is commonly used for local and topic anesthesia, but which also has antiarrhythmic and analgesic uses and c ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Linezolid | Linezolid is a synthetic oxazolidinone antimicrobial drug. It is indicated for gram-positive infections and approved for the treatment of bacterial pn ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Lipid Emulsion Therapy | Lipid emulsion therapy is a medication used in the management and treatment of Local anesthetic toxicity. This activity reviews the indications, actio ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Lipid Lowering Drug Therapy | Patients at an increased risk of having a cardiovascular event (cardiovascular death, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or uns ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Lisinopril | Lisinopril is classified as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and has been available for nearly three decades. Lisinopril has some key featur ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Listeria Monocytogenes | Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative, intracellular, gram-positive rod that is responsible for causing the infection listeriosis. Listeria causes s ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Lithium Toxicity | The drug of choice for recurrent bipolar illness management remains to be lithium. Lithium, a monovalent cation similar to sodium with an unknown mech ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Local Anesthetic Toxicity | Local anesthetics are commonly used in most medical and dental practice. While adverse effects are rare, the rising prevalence of local anesthetics in ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Long QT Syndrome | The QT interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the duration of the ventricular action potential, and this physiologically correlates with th ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Loop Diuretics | Loop diuretics are medications used in the management and treatment of fluid overload conditions such as heart failure, nephrotic syndrome or cirrhosi ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Loperamide | Loperamide is a medication used in the treatment of diarrhea. It classifies as an anti-diarrheal agent. The use of loperamide in high doses has been a ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Losartan | Losartan is FDA approved for the treatment of several medical conditions, which include the following: hypertension, diabetic nephropathy. ARBs are kn ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) | Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), for example, dalteparin, enoxaparin, among others, are anticoagulants. These drugs are used in the prophylaxis ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Luspatercept | Luspatercept is a medication used in the management and treatment of anemia in myelodysplastic syndromes, primary myelofibrosis, and beta-thalassemia. ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Lymphogranuloma Venereum | Lymphogranuloma venereum is an ulcerative sexually transmitted infection of the genital area caused by Chlamydia trachomatis that is transmittable by ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Macrolides | Macrolides are a class of drugs used in the management and treatment of various bacterial infections. This activity reviews the mechanism of action, i ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Magnesium Sulfate | Magnesium sulfate is a medication used in the management and treatment of multiple clinical conditions and holds several on and off label uses. This ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Magnesium Toxicity | Magnesium toxicity is commonly caused by the overuse of magnesium-containing medication or under-excretion of magnesium by the kidneys. Early recognit ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Malaria | Malaria is a parasitic infection transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito that leads to acute life-threatening disease and poses a significant global hea ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Malignancy-Related Hypercalcemia | Hypercalcemia is a common metabolic abnormality seen in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Depending on the serum calcium levels, hypercalcemia i ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Malignant Hypertension | Malignant hypertension is a term that has been used to describe patients with elevated blood pressure (BP) and multiple complications with poor progno ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Malignant Hyperthermia | Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a hereditary disorder of skeletal muscle that classically presents as a hypermetabolic response to halogenated anesthet ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Management of Antithrombotics Around Gastrointestinal Procedures | Antiplatelets and anticoagulants are used to reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients at high risk. However, when these patients need ga ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Mannitol | Mannitol can be used for the reduction of intracranial pressure and brain mass, to reduce intraocular pressure if this is not achievable by other mean ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| MAO Inhibitors | Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO Inhibitors) are medications used in the management and treatment of depression, among other neurological and psychia ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Marfan Syndrome | One of the most common inherited disorders affecting connective tissue, Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant condition with a reported incid ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Mean Corpuscular Volume | Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is a measure used to determine anemia etiologies. This activity illustrates the categories of anemia with varying MCVs, ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Medication Dispensing Errors And Prevention | Close to 6,800 prescription medications and countless over-the-counter drugs are available in the United States. To further complicate a practitioner' ... Read the Article | 2.25 | 33 | Activity Info |
| Meningitis | In spite of breakthroughs in diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination, in 2015 there were 8.7 million reported cases of meningitis worldwide with 379,000 ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Meningococcal Meningitis | Meningitis is an infection/inflammation of the membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord known as the meninges. Meningococcal meningitis is the ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Mercaptopurine | Mercaptopurine is a medication used in the management and treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It is in the class of medications known as purine ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Metabolic Acidosis | Acid-base disorders are disturbances in the homeostasis of hydrogen ion concentration in the plasma. Any process that increases the serum hydrogen ion ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity Info |
| Metformin | Metformin, FDA-approved in 1994, is an antidiabetic agent used in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin comes in both immediate-release and extended-rel ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Methamphetamine Toxicity | Methamphetamine is a highly addictive psychostimulant drug that is a derivative of amphetamine. Methamphetamine can produce euphoria and stimulant eff ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Methanol Toxicity | Methanol (CH3OH) is a toxic alcohol that is found in various household and industrial agents. Methanol exposure can be extremely dangerous, with signi ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 23 | Activity Info |
| Methemoglobinemia | Methemoglobinemia is a condition with life-threatening potential in which diminution of the oxygen-carrying capacity of circulating hemoglobin occurs ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus | Based on the antibiotic susceptibilities, Methicillin resistance in S. aureus is defined as an oxacillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gre ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Methohexital | Methohexital is a medication used in anesthesia for sedation. It is in the barbiturate class of medications. This activity outlines the indications, a ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Methyldopa | Methyldopa is a medication used in the management and treatment of hypertension. It is in the centrally acting anti-hypertensive class of drugs. This ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Methylene Blue | Methylene blue is a medication used in the management and treatment of methemoglobinemia, a condition in which hemoglobin decreases its ability to car ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Mexiletine | Mexiletine is largely used to suppress ventricular arrhythmias but also has a role in peripheral neuropathy and chronic pain, although the use for eit ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Midazolam | Intravenous midazolam is used for the induction of anesthesia and also in the management of acute seizures. Because of its water-soluble nature, midaz ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Milk Thistle | Herbal products have become increasingly popular, especially among those with chronic disease. Milk thistle has been used for hundreds of years by her ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Milrinone | Milrinone is a medication indicated for cardiac support in patients with acute heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, or chronic heart failure. It fun ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Mitral Regurgitation | Mitral regurgitation (MR) is caused by the retrograde flow of blood from the left ventricle (LV) into the left atrium (LA) through the mitral valve (M ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Morphine | FDA-approved usage of morphine sulfate includes moderate to severe pain that may be acute or chronic. Most commonly used in pain management, morphine ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia | Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) is a supraventricular tachycardia resulting in a rapid, irregular atrial rhythm that is caused by multiple ectopic ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Muscarinic Agonists | Muscarinic agonists are parasympathomimetic drugs and are indicated for ileus, urinary retention, glaucoma, Alzheimer disease, and other symptoms. Thi ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Mycoplasma Pneumonia | Mycoplasma pneumonia is a bacteria that can infect humans. It usually causes upper respiratory tract infections but can also cause pneumonia, and it i ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Myelophthisic Anemia | Myelophthisic anemia is categorized under the normocytic type of anemia. Myelophthisic anemia is anemia characterized by the presence of immature eryt ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Myxedema | Myxedema coma is a rare fatal condition as a result of long-standing hypothyroidism with loss of the adaptive mechanism to maintain homeostasis. Hypot ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Nadolol | Nadolol is a medication used in the treatment of angina and hypertension, which are significant risk factors for the development of coronary artery di ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Naegleria | Naegleria fowleri, a member of the genus Percolozoa, is also known as the "brain-eating amoeba." It is a eukaryotic, free-living, amoeba named after M ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Nalbuphine | Nalbuphine is FDA indicated for moderate to severe pain in which an opioid agent is required when other alternative treatments have been insufficient. ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Naloxone | Over the past two decades, the rate of overdose from opiates has increased significantly. Opiate misuse is associated with enormous morbidity and mort ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Naltrexone | Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist used to treat alcohol use disorder and opioid dependence. It is FDA-approved for alcohol misuse and opioid dependen ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Narcotic Bowel Syndrome | It is estimated that anywhere from 25% to 45% of the adult population suffers from long-term pain, which results in a poor quality of life, loss of pr ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Nebivolol | Nebivolol is a medication used in the management and treatment of hypertension. It is in the beta-blocker class of drugs. This activity describes the ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Neisseria Meningitidis | Meningococcal infections are an important disease caused by the bacterium, Neisseria meningitidis. It affects people of all ages and can even infect h ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Neostigmine | Neostigmine is water-soluble, an ionized compound that reversibly inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Its FDA indication is for the reversal of ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Nephrotoxic Medications | Numerous drugs used in the management and treatment of multiple diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, and other pathologies, are nephrotoxic. Th ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Nerve Agents | Nerve agents represent a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in toxicology and emergency medicine. Patients affected by nerve agents pr ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Neuromuscular Blocking Agents | The widespread use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) was a significant milestone in the development of anesthesia. Before the introduction of N ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Neutropenia | Neutrophils play an essential role in immune defenses because they ingest, kill, and digest invading microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria. Fai ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Nevirapine | Nevirapine is a drug used in the management and treatment of HIV. It is in the NNRTI class of medications. This activity outlines the indications, act ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Nicotinic Ganglionic Blocker | Mecamylamine is a medication used in the management and treatment of hypertension. It is in the nicotinic ganglion blocker class of drugs. This activi ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Nimodipine | Nimodipine is a second-generation 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It was initially invented for the management of systemic hypertension. ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Nisoldipine | Nisoldipine is a medication used in the management of hypertension. It falls under the class of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. This activit ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Nitric Oxide | Nitric oxide is a medication used in the management and treatment of hypoxic respiratory failure or persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn ( ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Nitroglycerin | Nitroglycerin is a vasodilatory drug used primarily to provide relief from anginal chest pain. It is currently FDA approved for the acute relief of a ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Non ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction | Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) can be divided into subgroups of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers | Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers (nNMBs) are administered as primary therapy in facilitating endotracheal intubations and adjuvant therapy in t ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Nondepolarizing Paralytics | Non-depolarizing, neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs) work by competing with acetylcholine (Ach) for binding sites on nicotinic alpha subunits. They ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a group of malignant neoplasms originating from the lymphoid tissues, mainly the lymph nodes. These tumors may result due to c ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Nonviral Myocarditis | Myocarditis is a significant cause of sudden death and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, especially in the young. It has a very diverse and sometime ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Norepinephrine | Untreated hypotension can be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Norepinephrine is a first-line agent for hypotension that does not respon ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Normal Saline | Fluid therapy is a critical component of the clinical management of patients. It consists of colloid therapy as well as crystalloid therapy. The most ... Read the Article | 1 | 3 | Activity Info |
| Nosocomial Pneumonia | Nosocomial pneumonia or hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is defined as pneumonia that occurs 48 hours or more after hospital admission and not incuba ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| NPH Insulin | NPH (neutral protamine Hagedorn) insulin is a medication used in the treatment and management of diabetes mellitus, which is a significant risk factor ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Obstructive Uropathy | Obstructive uropathy is a hindrance to normal urinary flow that can be caused by a variety of structural and functional etiologies. This is a common a ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Ofloxacin | Ofloxacin is a medication in the fluoroquinolone class used in the treatment of multiple gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections. This ac ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Ondansetron | Ondansetron is one of the medications most commonly used for empiric treatment. Ondansetron has extreme utility as an antiemetic drug, and it is effec ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Opioid Analgesics | Opioids are a class of medication used in the management and treatment of pain. This activity outlines the indications, action, and contraindications ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Opioid Anesthesia | Opioids have had a wide range of uses in medicine throughout history. However, they have fallen under scrutiny in recent history due to the opioid cri ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Opioid Antagonists | Opioid receptor antagonists block one or more of the opioid receptors in the central or peripheral nervous system. Opioid receptors are specific trans ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Opioid Equivalency | Opioids are often prescribed for cancer-related pain and moderate-to-severe chronic pain, especially pain that is inadequately controlled with non-opi ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Opioid Toxicity | Opioids and opiates together comprise a class of medications widely used primarily to control severe pain. If first-line agents are not effective in c ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 14 | Activity Info |
| Opioid Withdrawal | Opioid withdrawal syndrome is a life-threatening condition resulting from opioid dependence. Opioids are a group of drugs used to manage severe pain a ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Oral Transmucosal Fentanyl | Oral transmucosal fentanyl is a medication used in the management and treatment of breakthrough pain. It is in the class of short-acting synthetic opi ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Organophosphate Toxicity | Most patients exposed to organophosphates come into contact with insecticides. The first organophosphate insecticide was created in the mid-1800s but ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Orthostatic Hypotension | Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing from a sitting or supine position. Clinically, this is diagnosed b ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 16 | Activity Info |
| Osteomyelitis | Osteomyelitis is a serious infection of the bone that can be either acute or chronic. It is an inflammatory process involving the bone and its structu ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 20 | Activity Info |
| Oxcarbazepine | Oxcarbazepine is a medication used in the treatment of partial seizures. It is in the anticonvulsant drug classification. This activity reviews the in ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Pamidronate | Pamidronate is a medication used in the management and treatment of moderate or severe hypercalcemia of malignancy, moderate to severe Paget disease o ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Pancrelipase Therapy | Pancrelipase, which is a combination of lipase, protease, and amylase, has been shown to benefit patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Pancuronium | Pancuronium bromide is a long-acting, bis-quaternary aminosteroid, non-depolarizing, neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD), which was first synthesized i ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Panic Disorder | Panic disorder is fairly common in the general population. Among all anxiety disorders, it has the highest number of medical visits and serves as a ve ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Parasympathomimetic Medications | Parasympathomimetics are a class of medications that activate the parasympathetic nervous system by mimicking or modifying the effects of acetylcholin ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Parkinson Disease | Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that mostly presents in later life with generalized slowing of movements (bradykinesia) and at least ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 19 | Activity Info |
| Parotitis | Parotitis is caused by duct obstruction (such as sialolithiasis), infectious organisms (viruses or bacteria), or inflammatory conditions (such as Sjog ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Paroxetine | Paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). It is used to treat several diseases, including major depressive disorder, obsessive-co ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia | Atrial tachycardia is a form of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) usually seen in patients with structural heart abnormalities but also seen in patie ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria | Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare disease that presents clinically with a variety of nonspecific symptoms. It causes complications m ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Patient Controlled Analgesia | Patient-controlled analgesia is used to treat acute, chronic, postoperative, and labor pain. A variety of medications can be used for patient-controll ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Peanut Allergy | Most primary care clinicians will encounter patients with a food allergy. Food items that account for 90% of hypersensitivity reactions include cows, ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Pediatric Asthma | Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, characterized by recurrent episodes of airflow obstruction resulting from edema, bronchospasm ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 17 | Activity Info |
| Pediatric Bronchospasm | Bronchospasm involves the constriction of the smooth muscle layers of the small airways. If left untreated, bronchospasm can progress to respiratory d ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Pediatric Dehydration | The World Health Organization defines dehydration as a condition that results from excessive loss of body water. The most common causes of dehydration ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Pediatric Fluid Management | Dehydration occurs commonly in children and many times requires resuscitation. Fluid resuscitation is essential in the management of critically ill ch ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Penicillin | Penicillin is a medication used in the management and treatment of a wide range of infections. It is in the beta-lactam antibiotic class of drugs. Thi ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Pentobarbital | Pentobarbital is a medication used in the management and treatment of several medical conditions including seizures, intracranial pressure control, in ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Pericarditis | Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardial sac and is the most common pathologic process involving the pericardium. Temporally, it may be further ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity Info |
| Perinatal Drug Abuse And Neonatal Drug Withdrawal | Drug abuse and addiction have significantly increased over the last few decades; specifically, opioid abuse and dependence have increased to epidemic ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Perioperative Anticoagulation Management | Management of perioperative anticoagulation requires an interprofessional approach to determine the duration and discontinuation of temporary interrup ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Peripheral Arterial Disease | Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a circulatory problem causing a reduced blood flow through the arteries. This typically reduces blood flow to the ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 25 | Activity Info |
| Perirectal Abscess | The anorectal abscess can vary on the spectrum of complexity based on the location and involvement of surrounding tissue. A thorough knowledge of the ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Peritonsillar Abscess | Peritonsillar abscesses are localized collections of pus in peritonsillar space between the tonsillar capsule and superior constrictor muscle. Since t ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Pernicious Anemia | Pernicious anemia (PA) is megaloblastic anemia resulting from a deficiency of cobalamin (vitamin B12), which in turn is caused by a lack of intrinsic ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 20 | Activity Info |
| Pharmacological Cardioversion | Cardioversion is the process of converting an abnormal and potentially dangerous heart rhythm into a normal sinus rhythm. The normal heart rate comes ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Phencyclidine Toxicity | Phencyclidine (PCP) is a dissociative anesthetic that is a commonly used recreational drug. PCP is a crystalline powder that can be ingested orally, i ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Phenol Toxicity | Phenol is a historical disinfectant with continued use in industry, laboratories, and some health care settings. Phenol is a protoplasmic poison that ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Phenothiazine | Phenothiazines are termed first-generation heterocyclic anti-psychotic medications which display antagonistic activity towards dopamine receptors as w ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Phenylephrine | The FDA-approved indication for intravenous (IV) phenylephrine hydrochloride is for increasing blood pressure in adults with clinically significant hy ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Phenytoin | Phenytoin is a medication used in the management and treatment of epilepsy, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, complex partial seizures, and status ep ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 21 | Activity Info |
| Phenytoin Toxicity | Phenytoin has become one of the most well-studied anticonvulsants. With an average monthly cost of $30, it has also become one of the most widely used ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Physostigmine | Physostigmine is a medication most commonly used in the management and treatment of antimuscarinic toxicity as well as glaucoma. This article will hig ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Phytonadione (Vitamin K1) | Phytonadione (vitamin K1) is a medication used in the treatment and management of vitamin k deficiency, which is a significant risk factor for intracr ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Pituitary Adenoma | Pituitary adenomas are tumors of the anterior pituitary. Most pituitary tumors are slow-growing and benign. They are classified based on size or cell ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia | Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP), now referred to as Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia is a fungal infection that most commonly affects the immunoc ... Read the Article | 2.25 | 35 | Activity Info |
| Pneumonia In An Immunocompromised Patient | Pneumonia is a common clinical condition. It results from an infectious inflammatory process that involves the lung parenchyma and results in impairme ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Polycystic Kidney Disease | Polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an autosomal dominant disorder. It is a multisystem and progressive disease with cysts formation and kidney enlar ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Polycythemia | Polycythemia, also called erythrocytosis, refers to an increase in red blood cell mass, noted on laboratory evaluation as increased hemoglobin and hem ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Polygenic Hypercholesterolemia | Hypercholesterolemia causes atherosclerotic vascular disease leading to the development of coronary artery disease, transient ischemic attack, stroke, ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Polymyxin | Polymyxins are a class of medications used in the management and treatment of systemic infections caused by susceptible strains of multidrug-resistant ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Polypharmacy | The term polypharmacy refers to the use of 5 or more medications, based on a review of current data. Aging places individuals at risk of multi-morbidi ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy | Portosystemic or hepatic encephalopathy is defined as a neuropsychiatric syndrome due to a portosystemic shunt. The causative factor is increased ammo ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Posterior Myocardial Ischemia | Posterior myocardial infarction (PMI) accounts for a substantial number of cases of acute coronary syndrome (ACS); however, true PMI is often under-re ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Postoperative Delirium | Post-operative delirium (POD) can occur from anywhere between 10 minutes after anesthesia up until discharge from the hospital. It is commonly recogni ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Postoperative Pain Control | Postoperative pain is experienced by the vast majority of patients who undergo surgical procedures. Control of postoperative pain plays an essential r ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Potassium | Potassium is an essential mineral constituent of the human body and is the chief cation found within the intracellular fluid of all cells. The chief i ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Potassium Chloride | Potassium chloride is a medication used in the management and treatment of hypokalemia. It is in the electrolyte supplement class of medications. This ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Potassium Iodide | Potassium Iodide (KI) has effects in the production of thyroid hormone and is useful in treating conditions related to thyroid hormone, especially sev ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Pralidoxime | Pralidoxime is a medication used in the management and treatment of organophosphate poisoning. It is in the oxime class of drugs. This activity outlin ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Prasugrel | Prasugrel is a medication used in the management and treatment of acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous intervention. Prasugrel is a thienop ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Prednisone | Prednisone is a synthetic, anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid that derives from cortisone. It is biologically inert and converted to prednisolone in the ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Premature Ventricular Contraction | During a premature ventricular contraction (PVC), the heartbeat is initiated by the Purkinje fibers rather than the SA node. Given that a PVC occurs b ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Preoperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis | Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis is administering antibiotics before performing surgery to help decrease the risk of postoperative infections. The ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Primary Biliary Cholangitis | Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), formerly termed primary biliary cirrhosis, is an autoimmune disorder that leads to the gradual destruction of intra ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Primary Lung Tuberculosis | Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death from an infectious agent worldwide, causing even more deaths in HIV/AIDS patients. A third of the world's p ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Primary Polydipsia | Primary polydipsia can be categorized into two types. They are psychogenic polydipsia and dipsogenic polydipsia. Psychogenic polydipsia is a condition ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Prinzmetal Angina | Prinzmetal angina (vasospastic angina or variant angina) is a known clinical condition characterized by chest discomfort or pain at rest with transien ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Procainamide | Procainamide is a medication used in the management and treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, supraventricular arrhythmias, atrial flutter/fibrillatio ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Procaine | Procaine is a medication used for analgesia before a procedural intervention. It is in the local anesthetics class of drugs. This activity reviews the ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Procaine Penicillin | Procaine penicillin is a combination of injectable antibiotic and local anesthetic. Indications for use are quite varied but include the treatment of ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Promethazine | Promethazine is a medication used in the management and treatment of allergic conditions, nausea and vomiting, motion sickness, and sedation. It also ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Propofol | Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic that is used for procedural sedation, during monitored anesthesia care, or as an induction agent for general ane ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Propranolol | Propranolol can be used to ameliorate the sympathetic response in angina, tachyarrhythmias, prevention of acute ischemic attacks, migraine prophylaxis ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Propylthiouracil (PTU) | Propylthiouracil is an anti-thyroid drug used in the management of Graves disease and hyperthyroidism. This activity will highlight the mechanism of a ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Prostaglandin E1 | Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) is a medication used in the management of erectile dysfunction as well as ductus arteriosus in neonates. It is a smooth muscle ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Prostaglandins | Prostaglandins are a group of endogenously produced compounds that play essential roles in regulating human physiology. Synthetically derived prostagl ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Protamine | Protamine is a medication used to reverse and neutralize the anticoagulant effects of heparin. Protamine is the specific antagonist that neutralizes ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Prothrombin Complex Concentrate | Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) comes from the process of ion-exchange chromatography from the cryoprecipitate supernatant of large plasma pools ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) | Proton pump inhibitors represent a class of medications used to treat a wide variety of pathologies related to the stomach's acid production. This act ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Pseudomonas Aeruginosa | Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming rod that is capable of causing a variety of infections in both immunocompetent a ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Psychosis | Psychosis is a loose description of an amalgamation of psychological symptoms resulting in a loss of contact with reality. It is thought that although ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Pulmonary Edema | Pulmonary edema is defined as an abnormal accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung parenchyma. Two main types are cardiogenic and noncardiogen ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Pulseless Electrical Activity | Pulseless electrical activity (PEA), also known as electromechanical dissociation, is a clinical condition characterized by unresponsiveness and impal ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia | Pulseless ventricular tachycardia is a serious condition with high mortality and morbidity that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. This activity ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Pulsus Paradoxus | Pulsus paradoxus refers to a systolic pressure drop greater than 10mmHg during inspiration. Pulsus paradoxus results from alterations in the mechanica ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Quinapril | Quinapril is a medication utilized in the management of hypertension, which is a significant risk factor for coronary heart disease. This activity rev ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Quinidine | Quinidine is one of the oldest known antiarrhythmics; an interprofessional approach is necessary when using this drug, including specialties such as c ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Raloxifene | Raloxifene is a medication used in the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis and the risk reduction of invasive breast cancer in post-menopausal w ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Red Man Syndrome | Red man syndrome (RMS) is an anaphylactoid reaction caused by the rapid infusion of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin. RMS consists of a pruritic ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Reentrant Arrhythmias | Reentrant arrhythmias are a diverse group of cardiac conduction defects that can manifest in a wide range of presentations. Proper diagnosis is crucia ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Renal Failure | The term renal failure denotes inability of the kidneys to perform excretory function leading to retention of nitrogenous waste products from the bloo ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Renal Tubular Acidosis | Kidneys play a pivotal role in maintaining the acid-base balance of body along with lungs, and they do so by reabsorbing filtered bicarbonate and remo ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Respiratory Failure | Respiratory failure happens when the respiratory system fails to maintain gas exchange and is classified into type 1 and type 2 according to blood gas ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection | Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common viruses to infect children worldwide and increasingly is recognized as an important ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Retinopathy | Retinopathy refers to pathological alterations to the retina resulting from a variety of causes, including environmental conditions and genetic factor ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Retroperitoneal Fibrosis | Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a relatively rare condition that is characterized by a chronic inflammatory and fibrosis in the retroperitoneum that ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Retroperitoneal Hematoma | Retroperitoneal hematoma describes a heterogeneous condition that may arise spontaneously, as a result of trauma or iatrogenically. It is associated w ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Rhabdomyolysis | Rhabdomyolysis is a state of muscle injury that can lead to several forms of systemic insult, with the most important being acute kidney injury, elect ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Rheumatic Heart Disease | Rheumatic heart disease is a systemic immune condition that occurs as a complication of rheumatic fever. This occurs after a beta-hemolytic streptococ ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 14 | Activity Info |
| Rifampin | Rifampin is a medication used in the management and treatment of various mycobacterial and gram-positive bacterial infections. It belongs to the antim ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Risperidone | The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved indications for oral risperidone (tablets, oral solution, and M-TABs) include the treatment of schizop ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Rivaroxaban | Rivaroxaban is used for treatment and management venous thromboembolism as a postoperative thromboprophylaxis for patients undergoing orthopedic surge ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Rivastigmine | Rivastigmine is a medication used in the management and treatment of neurodegenerative disease, specifically dementia in Alzheimer patients and Parkin ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Rocuronium | Rocuronium is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker which is widely used to produce muscle relaxation to help facilitate surgery and ventilation of ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Rodenticide Toxicity | Rodenticides or “rat poisons” are mixed compounds used to eradicate rodents. They are one of the most toxic agents commonly found in households. Histo ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Ropivacaine | Ropivacaine is FDA-approved for surgical anesthesia and acute pain management. It is used in an epidural block for surgery—such as cesarean sections. ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Salicylates Toxicity | Salicylate toxicity is a medical emergency. Intentional ingestion or accidental overdose can cause severe metabolic derangements, making treatment dif ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Salicylic Acid (Aspirin) | Salicylates have been available since the early 1900s. This activity outlines the indications, mechanism of action, methods of administration, importa ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 18 | Activity Info |
| Salmeterol | Salmeterol is a medication used in the management and treatment of asthma and COPD. It is in the beta-2 adrenergic agonist class medications. This act ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Scleroderma And Primary Myocardial Disease | Systemic scleroderma is a connective tissue disease that can affect internal organs. Cardiac manifestations of the disease can be a result of the prim ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Scopolamine | Scopolamine is a medication used in the management and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and motion sickness. It is in the anticho ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Scrofula | Scrofula (historically known as the king's evil) is the tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis caused by hematogenous or lymphatic dissemination of pulmon ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Seizure | A seizure represents the uncontrolled, abnormal electrical activity of the brain that may cause changes in the level of consciousness, behavior, memor ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity Info |
| Seizure Medications | The mainstay treatment strategy for seizures is medication management. However, much like the prescription of any other pharmaceutical agent, a clinic ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity Info |
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Toxicity | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed antidepressants. Other clinical indications for SSRI use include anxiety disor ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of medications that are most commonly prescribed for the treatment of depression. They are ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Septic Emboli | Septic embolism is an obstruction of a blood vessel, typically by an infected thrombus that has traveled through the bloodstream from a distant infect ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Septic Shock | Sepsis syndromes span a clinical continuum with variable prognosis. Septic shock, the most severe complication of sepsis, carries a high mortality. Se ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity Info |
| Serotonin Syndrome | Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening condition precipitated by the use of serotonergic drugs. It may be a consequence of therapeutic m ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity Info |
| Serum Sickness | Serum sickness is a rare but important cause of fever, arthritis, and rash in both children and adults. This activity reviews the differences between ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome | A new and rapidly progressive respiratory syndrome termed severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was identified by the World Health Organization (WH ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Shock | Shock is a life-threatening manifestation of circulatory failure. Circulatory shock leads to cellular and tissue hypoxia resulting in cellular death ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Sickle Cell Anemia | Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder of erythrocytes caused by an abnormality in hemoglobin. Hemoglobin in most healthy individuals is present ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Sickle Cell Crisis | Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders affecting about 1 in 500 African American children and 1 in 36,000 Hispanic ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Sildenafil | Sildenafil is a medication used in the management and treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. It is in the phosphodiest ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Silver Sulfadiazine | Silver sulfadiazine is a medication used in the prevention, management, and treatment of burn wound infections. It is a heavy metal topical agent with ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Simvastatin | Simvastatin is an oral HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor indicated as an adjunct to diet. It is a semi-synthetic derivative of lovastatin, the first FDA-app ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Sinus Tachycardia | Sinus tachycardia is a regular cardiac rhythm in which the heart beats faster than normal. While it is common to have tachycardia as a physiological r ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Sjogren Syndrome | Primary Sjogren syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disorder commonly presenting with dryness involving the eyes and mouth due to inflammation and resul ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 20 | Activity Info |
| Sodium Bicarbonate | Sodium bicarbonate is a medication used in the management and treatment of multiple disease pathologies. It is a general chemical compound by classifi ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Sodium Nitroprusside | Sodium nitroprusside is a medication used in the management of acute hypertension. It is a potent vasodilator and is administered as an IV infusion wi ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate | Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is a medication used in the management and treatment of hyperkalemia. This activity outlines and reviews the indications, ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Sotalol | Sotalol has the following are the FDA and non-FDA indications: premature ventricular contractions, hemodynamically stable ventricular tachycardia, pha ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Spinal Cord Abscess | Intramedullary spinal cord abscess (ISCA) is a rare central nervous system infection associated with high mortality and neurological morbidity. A qui ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Spironolactone | Spironolactone is a medication used in the management and treatment of hypertension and heart failure with some indications aside from cardiovascular ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Splanchnic Venous Thrombosis | Blood clotting within the splanchnic veinous systems leads to splanchnic vein thrombosis. It includes thrombosis in the splenic vein, mesenteric vein, ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Squamous Cell Lung Cancer | Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung, also known as squamous cell lung cancer, is a type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Squamous cell lun ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| St. John's Wort | St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) is an invasive, flowering plant native to Europe and Asia. It is also known as Amber, Goatweed, Hardhay, and o ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Stable Angina | Angina affects 10 million people in the United States. Providers must be able to differentiate between stable angina and other causes of chest pain to ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Staphylococcal Pneumonia | Staphylococcal pneumonia is a disease process that requires prompt diagnosis, as sequelae can lead to complications such as severe necrotizing pneumon ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Staphylococcus Aureus | Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacteria that cause a wide variety of clinical diseases. Infections caused by this pathogen are common both i ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Status Asthmaticus | One of the most common causes of emergency room visits in the United States is status asthmaticus, an acute, emergent episode of bronchial asthma that ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Status Epilepticus | Status epilepticus is a neurological emergency requiring immediate evaluation and management to prevent significant morbidity or mortality. Previously ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Stevens Johnson Syndrome | Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are acute, rare and potentially fatal skin reactions involving loss of skin and in some cases ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 14 | Activity Info |
| Streptococcal Meningitis | Streptococcal meningitis is an acute, purulent inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord caused by bacteria from the Strepto ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Streptokinase | Streptokinase can be useful in the management and treatment of acute ST-segment myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, arter ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Streptomycin | Streptomycin is the first discovered aminoglycoside antibiotic, originally isolated from the bacteria Streptomyces griseus. It is now primarily used a ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Stroke Prevention | There is a significant overlap between the risk factors accounting for cardiovascular events and cerebrovascular events. The INTERHEART study looked a ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Strychnine Toxicity | Strychnine has been used for years as a medicinal remedy for a broad range of complaints. Strychnine is responsible for inhibiting postsynaptic glycin ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Subacute Necrotizing Encephalomyelopathy | Subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (SNE) is primarily a disease of childhood that affects the central nervous system. This is a rare condition t ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Subarachnoid Hemorrhage | Subarachnoid hemorrhages are life-threatening and result from the accumulation of blood between the arachnoid and pia mater. The incidence of subarach ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 23 | Activity Info |
| Subdural Hematoma | A subdural hematoma, as its name implies, forms because of an abnormal collection of blood under the dura mater. This is one of the intracranial injur ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity Info |
| Succinylcholine Chloride | Succinylcholine chloride is a short-acting depolarizing neuromuscular blockade that is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Sugammadex | Sugammadex is a modified gamma-cyclodextrin that is used to reverse steroidal nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs rocuronium and vecuronium. ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Superficial Thrombophlebitis | Superficial thrombophlebitis, increasingly known as superficial venous thrombosis, is no longer considered a benign entity. It is often associated wit ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Supraventricular Tachycardia | Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a dysrhythmia originating at or above the atrioventricular (AV) node and is defined by a narrow complex (QRS < ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 16 | Activity Info |
| Sympathomimetics | Sympathomimetics are a classification of medication used in the management and treatment of cardiovascular pathology, hypersensitivity, COPD, and glau ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Syncope And Related Paroxysmal Spells | Paroxysmal spells are non-epileptic events that may mimic epileptic seizures but are not associated with rhythmic discharges of cortical neurons typic ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion | Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ADH release (SIADH) is a condition defined by the unsuppressed release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) fr ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome | Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an exaggerated defense response of the body to a noxious stressor (infection, trauma, surgery, acute ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Systolic Hypertension | Isolated systolic hypertension is the predominant form of hypertension in the elderly population. Traditionally it has been defined as a systolic bloo ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy | Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as Gebrochenes-Herz syndrome, transient apical ballooning syndrome, apical ballooning cardiomyopathy, stress-indu ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Tetanus | Tetanus is an infection characterized by muscle spasms and lockjaw, also called trismus. Toxins produced by Clostridium tetani are responsible for the ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 16 | Activity Info |
| Tetanus Toxoid | The tetanus toxoid is a vaccine used in the management and treatment of tetanus. It is in the vaccine class of medications. This activity reviews the ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) | THC or Tetrahydrocannabinol is the major psychoactive component and one of the 113 cannabinoids recognized in cannabis. A synthetic formulation of THC ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Thallium Toxicity | Thallium is a tasteless, odorless, and water-soluble chemical element for which both accidental intoxication and criminal poisoning have been reported ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Theophylline | Theophylline is a medication used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a second-line drug. It is a bronchodilator. ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Theophylline Toxicity | Around the world, theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine) is primarily used as a bronchodilator for patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Therapeutic Uses Of Diuretic Agents | Diuretics are a medication used in the management and treatment of edematous and other non-edematous disease conditions. Diuretics are a class of drug ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Thermal Burns | Thermal burns are skin injuries caused by excessive heat, typically from contact with hot surfaces, hot liquids, steam, or flame. Most burns are minor ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Third Generation Cephalosporins | Third-generation cephalosporins are medications used in the management and treatment of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. They are in the bet ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Thoracic Empyema | Thoracic empyema is an infectious process defined by frank pus in the pleural space. Due to the high mortality associated with this condition, health ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Thrombin | Thrombin is a topical hemostatic agent used to control and minimize blood loss during surgical procedures, is utilized in conjunction or as an alterna ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Thrombocytopenia | Thrombocytopenia is a platelet count below the lower limit of normal, i.e., 150000/microliter (for adults). This activity reviews the etiology, evalua ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 14 | Activity Info |
| Thrombocytopenia in Pregnancy | Thrombocytopenia, defined as a platelet count of under 150 x 10^9/L, is the second most common hematological abnormality in pregnancy. This CME activi ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Thrombolytic Therapy | Thrombolytics or fibrinolytics are a group of medications used in the management and treatment of dissolving intravascular clots. They are in the plas ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Thrombosis | Thrombosis is a blood clot within blood vessels that limits the flow of blood. Acute venous and arterial thromboses are the most common cause of death ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Tissue Plasminogen Activator | Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is classified as a serine protease (enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins). It is thus one of the essential ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Tizanidine | Tizanidine is a myotonolytic agent FDA-approved for the management of spasticity, which may be caused by multiple sclerosis, an acquired brain injury, ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome | Tolosa Hunt syndrome (THS), also known as painful ophthalmoplegia, recurrent ophthalmoplegia, or ophthalmoplegia syndrome, is described as severe and ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Topical, Local, and Regional Anesthesia and Anesthetics | Nerve impulse transmission occurs when voltage-gated sodium channels on the neuronal membrane open, allowing a massive influx of sodium. This causes m ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Topiramate | Topiramate is a medication used in the management and treatment of epilepsy and migraine. It is in the second-generation anti-epileptic drugs class of ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Torsade de Pointes | Torsades de Pointes is a type of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia characterized on electrocardiogram by oscillatory changes in amplitude of the QRS ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 14 | Activity Info |
| Total Parenteral Nutrition | Total parenteral nutrition is a medication used in the management and treatment of malnourishment. It is in the nutrition class of drugs. This activit ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 19 | Activity Info |
| Toxoplasmosis | Toxoplasmosis is caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan. Although many people are infected worldwide, the disea ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 14 | Activity Info |
| Tracheal Intubation Medications | Endotracheal intubation is indicated in many clinical settings, such as impending respiratory failure and when protecting the patient airway. The foll ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Tranexamic Acid | The only FDA-approved usage for tranexamic acid (TXA) is for heavy menstrual bleeding and short-term prevention in patients with hemophilia.; this inc ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Transfusion Reactions | Transfusion reactions are adverse events associated with the transfusion of whole blood or one of its components. They range in severity from minor to ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity Info |
| Tricyclic Antidepressant Toxicity | Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were introduced in the late 1950s for the treatment of depression. With the advent of selective serotonin reuptake in ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Trypanosomiasis | Trypanosomiasis is generally used to refer to African human trypanosomiasis, also known as African sleeping sickness. African sleeping sickness is an ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Tuberculous Meningitis | Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) manifests extrapulmonary tuberculosis caused by the seeding of the meninges with the bacilli of Mycobacterium tuberculosi ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Tuberous Sclerosis | Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder that affects multiple systems. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion and is characte ... Read the Article | 2 | 30 | Activity Info |
| Tumor Lysis Syndrome | Tumor lysis syndrome is the most common oncologic emergency. This condition is prevalent in both adult and pediatric oncology patients undergoing chem ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors | Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors, including etanercept (E), infliximab (I), adalimumab (A), certolizumab pegol (C) and golimumab (G), are ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Typhoid Fever | Typhoid fever is an enteric fever characterized by systemic illness along with abdominal pain and fever in a “step-ladder” pattern. The organism respo ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Unstable Angina | Unstable angina is chest discomfort or pain caused by an insufficient flow of blood and oxygen to the heart. It is part of the acute coronary syndrome ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Ursodeoxycholic Acid | Ursodeoxycholic acid is a medication used in the management and treatment of cholestatic liver disease. This activity reviews the indications, action, ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Vancomycin | Vancomycin is a medication used in the treatment of serious Gram-positive bacterial infections. It is in the cell wall synthesis inhibitor class of an ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci | Antimicrobial resistance is becoming an increasingly common clinical dilemma for medical providers. In particular, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus ( ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Vasodilators | Vasodilators are useful in the management of hypertension, angina, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and more. This activity reviews the indicatio ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Vecuronium | Vecuronium bromide is an FDA approved peripherally acting, monoquarternary, steroidal, non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker with an intermediate dur ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Venous Sinus Thrombosis | Venous sinus thromboses are venous blood clots of the major veins of the brain. They can be provoked or unprovoked, and the signs and symptoms thereof ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Ventricular Fibrillation | Arrhythmias originating from the ventricular myocardium or His-Purkinje system are grouped under ventricular arrhythmia (VA). This includes a subset o ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Verapamil | The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved indications for verapamil include angina (chronic stable, vasospastic or Prinzmetal variant), unstable ... Read the Article | 2 | 27 | Activity Info |
| Vinca Alkaloid Toxicity | Vinca alkaloids, which belong to a class of cell cycle phase M specific anti-tubulin agents are one of the first plant alkaloids to be developed for u ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Viral Myocarditis | Myocarditis is an inflammatory process of the myocardium. It can present in the acute, subacute, or chronic phase with either focal or diffuse involve ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Vitamin B12 Deficiency | Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that is derived from animal products such as red meat, dairy, and eggs. Intrinsic fac ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 22 | Activity Info |
| Vitamin D Deficiency | Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin used by the body for normal bone development and maintenance by increasing the absorption of calcium, magnesium, an ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Vitamin K | Vitamin K is a medication used in the management and treatment of bleeding due to the coagulation disorder caused by warfarin and vitamin K deficiency ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Warfarin | Warfarin is a medication used in the prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis and thromboembolic events. It is in the anticoagulant class of dru ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 25 | Activity Info |
| Warfarin Drug Interactions | Warfarin has FDA approval for the prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis and its complications, such as a pulmonary embolus. It is also indica ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Warfarin Toxicity | Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist used as an anticoagulant used for treatment and prevention of a variety of coagulopathic and thromboembolic disorde ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 14 | Activity Info |
| Water Toxicity | Water toxicity can occur due to numerous etiologies but it is challenging to diagnose as it presents with vague symptoms of altered mental status, dis ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Withdrawal Syndromes | Withdrawal from drugs and alcohol is a common medical problem. Presentation may vary based on the frequency, duration, and quantity that was typically ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Zinc Toxicity | Zinc is an important cofactor in the body and is essential for normal function; however, increased levels of zinc can become toxic. There are three ty ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Ziprasidone | Ziprasidone is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar mania, and acute agitation in schizophrenic patients. Because it antagon ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Zolmitriptan | Zolmitriptan is a medication used in the management and treatment of acute migraine. It is in the triptan class of drugs. This activity describes the ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Zonisamide | Zonisamide is a sulfonamide antiepileptic drug that is a 1,2 benzisoxazole derivative and is the first compound from this group of chemicals to be use ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
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