NP-Urology CE
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NP-Urology Articles (233)
Featured Activities
NP-Urology Activities
| Title | Description | Hours | Questions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 Alpha Reductase Inhibitors | The 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (finasteride and dutasteride) are a class of medication used in the management and treatment of benign prostatic hype ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Acute Cystitis | Urinary tract infections are the most common bacterial infection in women, and result in roughly eight million emergency department or clinic visits a ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Acute Pyelonephritis | Acute pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection causing inflammation of the kidneys. Pyelonephritis occurs as a complication of an ascending urinary tra ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Acute Renal Colic | Acute renal colic is severe pain resulting from the presence of a stone in the urinary system. The stone can be present anywhere along the path betwee ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Acute Scrotum Pain | Acute scrotum pain is an umbrella term that includes a wide variety of unique disease processes. Patients may describe the rapid onset of symptoms wit ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Acute Transplantation Rejection | Acute transplant rejection occurs days to months after a transplant when the immune system identifies a grafted organ as foreign and attacks it. Acute ... Read the Article | 1 | 3 | Activity Info |
| Adrenal Adenoma | Adrenal adenomas are benign neoplasms of the adrenal cortex. Non-secreting adrenal adenomas secrete low levels of hormones, are usually asymptomatic a ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Adrenal Crisis | Adrenal crisis is an acute life-threatening condition precipitated by an internal or external process in the setting of known or unknown adrenal insuf ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Adrenal Metastasis | Adrenal metastases are the most common malignant lesions involving the adrenal gland and the second most common tumor of the adrenal gland after benig ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Adrenal Myelolipoma | Adrenal myelolipomas are benign adrenal neoplasm predominantly composed of mature adipose tissue and intermixed myeloid tissue. They comprise 6-16% of ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Adult Inguinal Hernia | An inguinal hernia is one of the most common surgical pathologies encountered by a general surgeon. Worldwide, there are more than 20 million inguinal ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Alpha Blockers | Alpha-blockers are medications used in the management and treatment of essential hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and pheochromocytom ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Alport Syndrome | Alport syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by kidney disease, loss of hearing, and eye abnormalities. It takes place due to an abnormality o ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Alprostadil | Alprostadil is a medication used in the management and treatment of erectile dysfunction in males and for temporary patency of ductus arteriosus in ne ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Ambiguous Genitalia And Disorders of Sexual Differentiation | Infants born with a disorder of sex development (DSD) prompt multiple medical, surgical, ethical, psychosocial, and physical issues for patients and t ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Anabolic Steroids | Anabolic steroids (also known as androgenic steroids) are synthetic derivatives of testosterone. Legal, as well as the illegal use of anabolic steroid ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome | Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a common etiology of sexual developmental disorders and results in varying phenotypes. These disorders of and ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Androgen Replacement | Testosterone is FDA-approved as replacement therapy in men who have low testosterone levels and those with symptoms of hypogonadism. It is essential t ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Appendix Testes Torsion | Torsion of testicular appendages is considered one of, if not the most common cause of acute scrotal pain in prepubertal children and should be includ ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Asymptomatic Bacteriuria | Asymptomatic bacteriuria is the presence of bacteria in the properly collected urine of a patient that has no signs or symptoms of a urinary tract inf ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Bacillus Calmette Guerin | Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the live attenuated vaccine form of Mycobacterium bovis used to prevent tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infecti ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Bacterial Acute Prostatitis | Bacterial prostatitis (BP) is an infection of the prostate gland occurring in a bimodal distribution in younger and older men. It can be acute (ABP) o ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Balanitis | Balanitis is an inflammation of the glans penis. Men with balanitis often present with penile pain and erythema. This activity explains the risk facto ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Balanitis Circumscripta Plasmacellularis | Balanitis circumscripta is a chronic idiopathic reactive balanoposthitis that can occur in uncircumcised men and is caused by a dysfunctional foreskin ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans | Balanitis xerotica obliterans, also known as lichen sclerosus, are white inflammatory patches that can affect both males and females. In males, the af ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Balanoposthitis | Balanoposthitis is a common disease process involving the glans penis and prepuce. It affects up to 12% to 20% of pediatric and adult males. This acti ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition encountered in aging men and a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms. Histological pre ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Bethanechol | Bethanechol is FDA approved to treat postoperative urinary retention, postpartum urinary retention, and overflow incontinence caused by neurogenic ato ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Biofeedback | Biofeedback is a technique to augment the normal sensory feedback and allow better control of body functions that are usually considered involuntary. ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Bladder Cancer | Bladder cancer is any neoplasm that arises from the urinary bladder. It is the most common urinary tract neoplasm, with urothelial carcinoma (UC) bein ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Bladder Catheterization | Bladder catheterization is a commonly performed procedure in all hospitals. It can be performed by external, urethral, and suprapubic techniques. It i ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Bladder Exstrophy | Bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by a spectrum of anomalies involving the ventral body wall, urinary tract, genitalia, bon ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Bladder Rupture | Bladder rupture is most commonly due to abdominal or pelvic trauma but may be spontaneous or iatrogenic in association with surgical or endoscopic pro ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Bladder Sphincter Dyssynergia | Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia is a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in a patient with spinal cord injury and various other neurological d ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Bladder Stones | Bladder stones are solid calculi that are primarily found in the urinary bladder. While often calcified, they may also be composed of non-calcific mat ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Bladder Trauma | Bladder injury is broadly divided into extraperitoneal and intraperitoneal injuries. Extraperitoneal bladder injuries generally occur with pelvic frac ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Blunt Force Trauma | Trauma is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients under 35-years of age and the sixth leading cause of death worldwide. The majority ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Bowenoid Papulosis | Bowenoid papulosis is an uncommon sexually transmitted condition that occurs in both males and females. It is characterized by multiple well-demarcate ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Cancer Screening | Cancer screening is pivotal in reducing the mortality and morbidity from cancer. Some of the screening methods, like a pap smear, has been successful ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Chancroid | Chancroid is an exceedingly rare sexually transmitted infection, both in the United States and globally. Knowledge regarding its true prevalence is ma ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Chlamydia | Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the greatest number of sexually transmitted infections and the majority of infection-related of blindness wor ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Chromaffin Cell Cancer | Pheochromocytoma is a tumor that arises from chromaffin cells present in the adrenal medulla or paraganglion cells. It can present with vague symptoms ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Chronic Kidney Transplant Rejection | Kidney transplantation is currently the definitive treatment for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Compared to dialysis, kidney transpla ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Chronic Pelvic Pain | Chronic pelvic pain can be a disabling, chronic, persistent pain, within the pelvis in women. Relatively common, chronic pelvic pain is associated wit ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Chronic Testicular Pain And Orchalgia | Chronic orchialgia is defined as 3 months of intermittent or constant testicular pain that is significantly bothersome to the patient. It is the cause ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Ciliary Dysfunction | The majority of newborns with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), formerly known as immotile cilia syndrome, develop neonatal respiratory distress with ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Circumcision | Male circumcision is the surgical removal of the prepuce, or foreskin, that covers the glans of the penis. Over the past decades, cultural changes and ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma | Among the genitourinary cancers, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the seventh most common cancer in men and has a high mortality rate. The prognosis of m ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Colovesicular Fistula | The most common cause of colovesicular fistulas is the sequelae of complicated diverticulitis and accounts for over two-thirds of cases. The second mo ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Complicated Urinary Tract Infections | Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common presenting causes of sepsis in hospitals, and urinary tract infections have a wide variety o ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Contrast Agent Toxicity | Contrast agents, also called contrast media, are substances used to enhance the radiodensity of a targeted tissue by altering the way that electromagn ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Crohn Disease | Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are two conditions commonly referred to as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). They are immunologically m ... Read the Article | 2.25 | 33 | Activity Info |
| Cryptorchidism | Cryptorchidism is the absence of at least one testicle from the scrotum. It is the most common birth defect involving the male genitalia. About 3% of ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 14 | Activity Info |
| Cyclosporine | Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive agent used to treat organ rejection post-transplant. It also has use in certain other autoimmune diseases, treatm ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Cystic Kidney Disease | Cystic kidney diseases are multisystemic disorders that can develop due to genetic or non-genetic causes in children and adults. These can be a seriou ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Cystinuria | Cystine stones are due to an inherited defect in the transport of the amino acid cystine leading to excessive excretion in the kidney causing cystinur ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Cystocele | Bladder prolapse (cystocele) is a chronic condition during which a bladder herniates to the anterior vaginal wall. Due to the condition's progressive ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Cystoscopy | Cystourethroscopy is one of the most common procedures performed by a urologic surgeon. It allows for direct visualization of the urethra, urethral sp ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Difficult Foley Catheterization | Urinary catheterization is a common clinical intervention to ensure adequate urinary drainage when patients cannot void effectively. When a urinary ca ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Diverticulosis | Diverticulosis is a clinical condition in which multiple sac-like protrusions (diverticula) develop along the gastrointestinal tract. Though diverticu ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Dorsal Penile Nerve Block | The dorsal penile nerve block is an effective technique for gaining regional anesthesia of the penis with small volumes of a local anesthetic. The tec ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Doxazosin | Doxazosin is a medication used to manage and treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, hypertension, ureteral stones, and PTSD-associated nightmares. It is ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Enuresis | Enuresis is a common childhood disorder seen in outpatient settings. Enuresis can be promptly treated if cases are identified early. In this activity, ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Epididymitis | Epididymitis is an inflammation of the epididymis, a tubular structure on the testis where sperms mature. Epididymitis is a relatively common conditio ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Epispadias | Epispadias is a rare urogenital anomaly characterized by the failure of the urethral tube to tubularize on the dorsal aspect. Although commonly associ ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Erectile Dysfunction | Erectile dysfunction is a widespread condition in males over 40 years of age all over the world. It has a variety of causes and is often treatable. Le ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Escherichia Coli | Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a gram-negative bacillus that is a causative organism of many diarrheal illnesses, including traveler’s diarrhea and dys ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Female Urinary Retention | Urinary retention, or the inability to voluntarily void urine, is one of the most prevalent presenting urologic complaints in the emergency department ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Filarial Hydrocele | Filarial hydrocele is a scrotal swelling resulting from a parasitic infection with Wuchereria bancrofti, endemic to tropical regions around the world. ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Filariasis | Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected tropical disease that causes significant morbidity in the developing world. This activity reviews the evaluation, ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Finasteride | Finasteride is an FDA-approved pharmacologic agent for treating benign prostate hyperplasia and androgenic alopecia (male pattern hair loss) in men. F ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Flutamide | Flutamide is used in the management and treatment of androgen-dependent tumors like prostate cancer and conditions associated with hyperandrogenism li ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Fournier Gangrene | Fournier gangrene is a rapidly progressive, life-threatening infectious process that involves the genital and perineal areas. The disease is one of th ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Giant Condylomata Acuminata Of Buschke And Lowenstein | Giant condylomata acuminata of Bushke-Löwenstein (GCBL) is a rare, slow-growing verrucous tumor of the penis and anogenital region which can grow up t ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Glomus Cancer | Glomangioma or glomuvenous malformation is a rare cutaneous venous malformation that shows glomus cells (undifferentiated smooth muscle cells which ar ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Gonorrhea | Neisseria gonorrhoeae, an obligate human pathogen, is a sexually transmitted disease that causes consequential worldwide morbidity both in resource-ab ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 20 | Activity Info |
| Granuloma Inguinale | Donovanosis, also known as granuloma inguinale, is a bacterial infection of the genital region caused by Klebsiella granulomatis. It is chronic and pr ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Hematuria | Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine. Hematuria can be gross or microscopic; gross hematuria is visible blood in urine whereas microscopic ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Hemorrhoidectomy | Hemorrhoidal disease is a common disorder requiring surgical intervention in approximately 10% of cases. The overall prevalence is unknown because asy ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Horseshoe Kidney | Horseshoe kidneys are the most common fusion defect of the kidneys occurring in approximately 1:500 individuals. They are characterized by abnormaliti ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Human Papillomavirus | The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a non-enveloped, double-stranded, circular DNA virus that is responsible for causing multiple epithelial lesions and ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Hydrocele | A hydrocele is a collection of peritoneal fluid between the parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis, which directly surrounds the testis ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Hydronephrosis And Hydroureter | Hydronephrosis and hydroureter result from obstruction of urine flow in the urinary system at the renal pelvis and ureter level, respectively. This is ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Hyperaldosteronism | Hyperaldosteronism occurs due to the excess production of aldosterone from the adrenal gland. Hyperaldosteronism can initially present as essential an ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Hyperbaric Treatment Of Delayed Radiation Injury | There will be 1.2 million cases of invasive cancer diagnosed in the United States this year. Half of those patients will receive radiation therapy as ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Hypercalcemia | Calcium is the most abundant cation found in the human body and plays an integral role in neural transmission, enzyme activity, myocardial function, c ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 18 | Activity Info |
| Hypercalciuria | Hypercalciuria is generally considered to be the most common identifiable metabolic risk factor for calcium nephrolithiasis. It also contributes to os ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Hyperuricosuria | Uric acid renal calculi are formed as a consequence of various metabolic abnormalities. Although rare, its prevalence is increasing with the change in ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Hypocitraturia And Renal Calculi | Renal calculi are one of the most common cases that physicians encounter. It's been estimated that half of all symptomatic kidney stones could be prev ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Hypospadias | Hypospadias is an anatomical congenital malformation of the male external genitalia. It is characterized by abnormal development of the urethral fold ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Hypospadias Urogenital Reconstruction | Hypospadias is one of the most common urogenital anomalies in newborn males. It is defined as the combination of the displacement of the urethral open ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Ileal Conduit | Urinary diversion involves the re-routing of urinary drainage to the outside of the body - either as a temporary or permanent solution. This activity ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Indinavir | Indinavir is an alpha-amino acid amide protease inhibitor used as a treatment therapy for Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, potentially l ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Inguinal Hernia | Inguinal hernia repair is an extremely common operation performed by surgeons. More than 800,000 repairs performed annually. These groin hernias can b ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Interstitial Cystitis | Interstitial cystitis is a chronic, non-infectious, inflammatory condition of poorly understood etiology that affects the urinary bladder. It is often ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Kidney Transplantation | Kidney transplantation is performed to prolong and improve the lives of those with end-stage renal disease. Open and laparoscopic surgery are the two ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 17 | Activity Info |
| Kidney Trauma | Renal trauma can result in injury to the parenchyma or the renal vasculature which can cause bleeding or injury to the collecting system with possible ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Klinefelter Syndrome | Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the result of 2 or more X chromosomes in a phenotypic male. The clinical phenotype of KS was first described in males wit ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 16 | Activity Info |
| Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair | Inguinal hernia repairs are one of the most common general surgical operations performed in the world. Diagnosis of inguinal hernias is typical perfor ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Left Renal Vein Obstruction | Left renal vein obstruction, also known as Nutcracker phenomenon (NCP), occurs due to the external compression of the left renal vein (LRV) in between ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Leukocytosis | Leukocytosis has a variety of etiologies with which clinicians of all backgrounds should be familiar. This activity outlines the evaluation of leukocy ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Leuprolide | Leuprolide is a medication used in the management and treatment of prostate cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, precocious puberty, and other sex ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Leydig Cell Cancer | Although testicular cancers are relatively rare, accounting for only 1% to 2% of worldwide male cancer diagnoses, it is the most common malignancy in ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Localized Prostate Cancer | The natural history of prostate cancer has been extensively studied in patients treated conservatively. Most localized prostate cancer represents an i ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Lower Genitourinary Trauma | Trauma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Trauma to the lower genitourinary tract presents unique challenges as there are u ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Malakoplakia | Malakoplakia is a rare inflammatory condition that typically occurs in immunocompromised individuals and is thought to be secondary to a bactericidal ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Male Infertility | Infertility is usually defined as the inability of a couple to conceive even after one year of unprotected, frequent sexual intercourse. The male is s ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Medication Dispensing Errors And Prevention | Close to 6,800 prescription medications and countless over-the-counter drugs are available in the United States. To further complicate a practitioner' ... Read the Article | 2.25 | 33 | Activity Info |
| Medullary Sponge Kidney | Medullary sponge kidney is a benign congenital abnormality that was first described in 1939. Anatomically it is characterized by cystic dilatation of ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Mesna | Mesna is a medication used in the management and treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis associated with chemotherapy. This activity outlines the indication ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Mixed Urinary Incontinence | Urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine. It ranges in its severity and in its impact on patients' quality of life. Symptoms may force ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Nephrolithiasis | Nephrolithiasis is the term employed for kidney stones, also known as renal calculi, and they are crystal concretions formed typically in the kidney. ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 14 | Activity Info |
| Neurogenic Bladder | The micturition process is usually controlled by the central nervous system, which coordinates the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system acti ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Nocturia | Nocturia is defined as the need for patients to get up at night on a regular basis to urinate. A period of sleep must precede and follow the urinary e ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Nocturnal Enuresis | Enuresis refers to the involuntary loss of urine during sleep that occurs at least twice a week in children older than 5 years of age (or the developm ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Nongonococcal Urethritis | Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), inflammation of the urethra, is the most common sexually transmitted illness in men. Urethritis can be infectious or ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Nosocomial Infections | This article provides a review of the critical features of nosocomial infections. It provides an overall discussion on the significance of healthcare- ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Nutcracker Syndrome | Nutcracker syndrome is a venous compression syndrome involving the left renal vein. It is an uncommon, although possibly underdiagnosed, condition tha ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Obstructive Uropathy | Obstructive uropathy is a hindrance to normal urinary flow that can be caused by a variety of structural and functional etiologies. This is a common a ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Opioid-induced Endocrinopathy | Hormone replacement therapy is a mainstay of treatment for those suffering from opioid-induced endocrinopathy (OIE), which can have a significant impa ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Orchiectomy | Radical orchidectomy is not only a diagnostic procedure but a therapeutic one in patients with suspected testicular malignancy. This procedure outline ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Orchiopexy | This activity reviews the indications for orchiopexy and describes multiple techniques based on the location of the aberrant testis. It also highlight ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Orthostatic Hypotension | Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing from a sitting or supine position. Clinically, this is diagnosed b ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 17 | Activity Info |
| Oxybutynin | Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic medication that is indicated in patients with overactive bladder or symptoms of detrusor overactivity, including urin ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Paraphimosis | Paraphimosis is a common urologic emergency that occurs in uncircumcised males when the foreskin becomes trapped behind the corona of the glans penis. ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Patent Urachus | Patent urachus refers to a spectrum of umbilical disorders that result from the failure of involution of normal embryologic tissues that connect the d ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| PDE5 Inhibitors | The discovery of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5 inhibitors) for causing the erection of the penis was accidental, noticed as a side effect while ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Pearly Penile Papule | Pearly penile papules, also known as papillomatosis corona penis, corona capillitii, hirsuties coronae glandis, papillae coronis glandis, and hirsutoi ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Pelvic Exenteration | Pelvic exenteration is performed as a palliative or curative option for patients with recurrent or locally invasive pelvic cancer. Pelvic exenteration ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Pelvic Floor Dysfunction | Pelvic floor dysfunction involves the abnormal activity or function of the pelvic floor musculature. This activity reviews the anatomy of the pelvic f ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Pelvic Fracture | A pelvic fracture involves damage to the hip bones, sacrum, or coccyx - the bony structures forming the pelvic ring. Due to the inherent structural an ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 23 | Activity Info |
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease | Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is defined as an inflammation of the upper genital tract due to an infection in women. The disease affects the uteru ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 19 | Activity Info |
| Pelvic Kidney | The term pelvic kidney encompasses a range of anatomical abnormalities that occur when the kidney fails to rise from the pelvis in its metanephros sta ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Pelvic Organ Prolapse | Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a gynecological condition in which the pelvic organs herniate into the vagina due to ligament or muscular weakness. POP ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Penetrating Groin Trauma | Penetrating groin trauma is an infrequent yet complex injury that requires quick identification, evaluation, and treatment in the emergency department ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Penile Cancer | Penile cancer is an uncommon malignancy, but when diagnosed is psychologically devastating to the patient and can pose a difficult challenge to the tr ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Penile Injection And Aspiration | Penile injection and aspiration is a procedure used in the management of ischemic priapism to preserve erectile tissue. This procedure should be perfo ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Penile Zipper and Ring Injuries | Ring and zipper injuries that cause damage to the penis are uncommon. However, when they do occur, affected individuals often try to manage the condit ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Penis Fracture | Penis fracture is an uncommon but severe injury. Often the direct result of penile trauma during intercourse penis fractures has a deleterious effect ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Percutaneous Nephrostomy | This activity reviews salient details regarding accessing the renal collecting system via a puncture through the lumbar region of the back (percutaneo ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Perinephric Abscess | A perinephric abscess is usually a complication of urologic infection which results from fat necrosis. Before the era of antibiotics, perinephric absc ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Peyronie Disease | Peyronie disease (PD) is a non-malignant disorder causing curvature of the penis and painful erections. It is a disorder of wound healing of the tunic ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Phimosis | Phimosis is a term used to describe difficulty retracting the penile prepuce. There are both physiologic and pathologic forms of phimosis, which can c ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors | Phosphodiesterase inhibitors are class medications used in the management and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), erectile dysfu ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Polycystic Kidney Disease | Polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an autosomal dominant disorder. It is a multisystem and progressive disease with cysts formation and kidney enlar ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Polycystic Kidney Disease In Adults | Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is a disorder in which there is an enlargement of the kidneys with multiple cyst formation. There is a de ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Polycystic Kidney Disease Of Childhood | There are two inherited varieties of polycystic kidney disease (PKD): autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive pol ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Posterior Urethral Valve | This article contains a synopsis of the anatomy, embryology, and classification of posterior urethral valves with a brief discussion of the theories a ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Postobstructive Diuresis | Urinary retention is a relatively common urological problem encountered in both inpatient and outpatient settings. It should be high on the differenti ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Post-op Urinary Retention | Postoperative urinary retention is the inability to urinate after a surgical procedure despite having a full bladder. It is a relatively common compli ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Postoperative Fever | Postoperative fever is defined as a temperature higher than 38 C (or greater than 100.4 F) on two consecutive postoperative days or higher than 39 C ( ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Postoperative Wound Infection | Postoperative wound infection is a common problem. The process of wound infection is complex and involves an interplay between several biological path ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Postpartum Care Of The New Mother | The postpartum period begins soon after the delivery of the baby and usually lasts six to eight weeks and ends when the mother’s body has nearly retur ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Prevention of Inappropriate Self-Extraction of Foley Catheters | Prevention of painful, traumatic Foley catheter removals and early identification of catheter mal-positioning can minimize pain, urinary tract infecti ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Priapism | Priapism is a disorder in which the penis maintains a prolonged erection in the absence of appropriate stimulation. Three broad categories exist for t ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Primary Hyperaldosteronism | Primary hyperaldosteronism (PA) is an underdiagnosed cause of hypertension. The classic presentation of PA includes hypertension and hypokalemia. Howe ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Primary Polydipsia | Primary polydipsia can be categorized into two types. They are psychogenic polydipsia and dipsogenic polydipsia. Psychogenic polydipsia is a condition ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Prostate Abscess | A prostate abscess is a complication resulting from the acute infectious process of the prostate. This activity outlines the pathogenesis and evaluati ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Prostate Cancer | Worldwide, prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the sixth leading cause of cancer death in men. In 2012, this amounted to 1,1 ... Read the Article | 2.25 | 23 | Activity Info |
| Proteus Mirabilis Infections | Proteus mirabilis is a gram-negative facultative anaerobe with swarming motility and an ability to self-elongate and secrete a polysaccharide which al ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Prune Belly Syndrome | Prune belly syndrome is a rare congenitally acquired disorder primarily characterized by the clinical triad of deficient abdominal musculature, crypto ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Pudendal Neuralgia | Pudendal neuralgia (PN) is a chronic pelvic pain syndrome that originates from damage or irritation to the pudendal nerve. Few providers examine speci ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Pyelonephritis Xanthogranulomatous | Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare and aggressive variant of chronic pyelonephritis. It usually occurs due to chronic nephrolithiasis and in ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Radiation Cystitis And Hyperbaric Management | Radiation cystitis describes the inflammation and resultant cellular destruction of the bladder that occurs as an adverse effect of the radiation used ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Radionuclide Cystography | Abnormalities of the urinary collecting system and bladder are common, particularly in the pediatric population. Early diagnosis and treatment of comm ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Reactive Arthritis | Reactive arthritis (ReA) is inflammatory arthritis that manifests several days to weeks after a gastrointestinal or genitourinary infection. It is als ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 16 | Activity Info |
| Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections | Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common cause of morbidity, especially in young women. However, with appropriate care, they can be easi ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Renal Artery Stenosis | Renal artery stenosis is narrowing of the one or both of renal arteries. It is the major cause of hypertension and according to some reports is the ca ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Renal Biopsy | This activity reviews the process of obtaining kidney tissue samples for analysis of both focal renal lesions and diffuse renal diseases via needle pu ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Renal Calculi | Renal calculi are a common cause of blood in the urine (hematuria) and pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. They occur in one in 11 people at some ti ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Renal Cancer | Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the kidney and constitutes over 90 percent of all renal malignancies. RCC may be spor ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Renal Cell Cancer | Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), which originate within the renal cortex, are responsible for 80% to 85% of all primary renal neoplasms. Transitional cel ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Renal Cyst | Renal cysts are the most common lesion of the kidney and are seen in approximately 40 percent of patients that undergo imaging studies involving the a ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Renal Extracorporeal Lithotripsy | Renal extracorporeal lithotripsy is a procedure that utilizes shockwaves to fragment kidney stones that can then pass through the urinary tract and be ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Renal Failure | The term renal failure denotes inability of the kidneys to perform excretory function leading to retention of nitrogenous waste products from the bloo ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Renal Mass | Renal mass is an abnormal growth in the kidney. The majority of renal masses are benign; however, a significant number of them require further interve ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Renal Oncocytoma | Renal oncocytomas are common benign kidney neoplasms that account for 3 to 7 percent of renal neoplasms. They usually occur in adults, most frequently ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Renal Vein Thrombosis | Renal vein thrombosis (RVT), the presence of thrombus in the major renal veins or its tributaries, is a rare clinical entity. It can present acutely o ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Retroperitoneal Fibrosis | Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a relatively rare condition that is characterized by a chronic inflammatory and fibrosis in the retroperitoneum that ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a primitive pediatric malignant soft tissue sarcoma of skeletal muscle phenotype that originates from a primitive mesenchyma ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Sacral Neuromodulation | Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is performed because millions of people are affected by overactive bladder and are refractory to behavioral modifications ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Schistosomiasis | Schistosomiasis (Schistosoma haematobium), more specifically known as urogenital schistosomiasis, is an endemic disease to many countries in Africa an ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Seminoma | Seminoma is a malignant germ cell tumor that involves most commonly the testicle or less frequently the mediastinum, the retroperitoneum, or other ext ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Septic Shock | Sepsis syndromes span a clinical continuum with variable prognoses. Septic shock, the most severe complication of sepsis, carries a high mortality. Se ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 20 | Activity Info |
| Sertoli-Cell-Only Syndrome | Sertoli cell-only syndrome, also known as del Castillo syndrome or germ cell aplasia, typically occurs in males between the age of 20 and 40. In this ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Sex Cord Stromal Testicular Tumor | Testicular cancer is included in the list of curable cancers that have an excellent prognosis. Hence, proper diagnosis and treatment are of paramount ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Sexual Assault Infectious Disease Prophylaxis | Patients presenting for medical treatment after a sexual assault may be concerned about the possibility of acquiring an infectious disease. For many t ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Sildenafil | Sildenafil is a medication used in the management and treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. It is in the phosphodiest ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Simple Renal Cyst | A simple kidney cyst is the most common type of renal cyst. It is a fluid-filled sac that originates from the surface of the kidney. One or more simpl ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Spinal Cord Compression | Spinal cord compression can result from a myriad of both atraumatic and traumatic causes. The spinal column is vulnerable to a variety of compressive ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Spinal Metastasis | Spinal metastases are the most common tumors of the spine. These are more commonly found as bone metastasis and may present with symptoms of spinal ca ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Staphylococcus Saprophyticus | Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a Gram-positive bacterium that is a common cause of uncomplicated urinary tract infections, especially in young sexual ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Stress Incontinence | Stress urinary incontinence is the sudden, involuntary loss of urine secondary to increased intraabdominal pressure that is affecting the patient’s qu ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity Info |
| Suprapubic Aspiration | Suprapubic aspiration is a procedure performed to obtain a urine sample. It is often done when a urinary catheter cannot be placed. It is commonly per ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Suprapubic Bladder Catheterization | Suprapubic catheterization refers to the placement of a drainage tube into the urinary bladder just above the pubic symphysis. This is typically perfo ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion | Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ADH release (SIADH) is a condition defined by the unsuppressed release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) fr ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Syphilis | Syphilis is a systemic, bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. Due to its many protean clinical manifestations, it has been ... Read the Article | 2.75 | 45 | Activity Info |
| Terazosin | Terazosin is a medication used in the management and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and essential hypertension. Terazosin is a long-acting, ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Testicle Cancer | Testicular cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men aged 15 to 45 years. Etiology is multifactorial, comprising various genetic and enviro ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Testicular Seminoma | Testicular seminomas are cancers that can usually be managed with surgical resection, although radiation is added for advanced-stage disease. Stage 1 ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Testicular Teratoma | Testicular teratoma is a neoplasm derived from germ cells of the testicle. It can display diverse biological behavior with an aggressive nature at tim ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Testicular Torsion | Scrotal complaints are relatively common both in primary care and in the emergency department and comprise at least 0.5 percent of all emergency depar ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 18 | Activity Info |
| Tolterodine | Tolterodine is a medication used in the management and treatment of overactive bladder. It is in the antimuscarinic class of medications. This activit ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Transurethral Resection Of The Prostate | Transurethral resection of the prostate is a procedure used in the management of bladder outlet obstruction caused by prostatic hypertrophy and prosta ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Trauma Organ Procurement | Organ transplantation is defined as removal of organ from one person ( donor) to placement into another person who is called recipient.Transplantation ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Trauma Secondary Survey | The secondary survey is a rapid but thorough head to toe examination assessment to identify potential injuries. It should be performed after the prima ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole | Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, also known as co-trimoxazole and can be abbreviated in the following ways: SXT, TMP-SMX, TMP-SMZ, or TMP-Sulfa. It is a ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Ulcerative Colitis | Ulcerative colitis is an idiopathic inflammatory condition of the colon which results in diffuse friability and superficial erosions on the colonic wa ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 25 | Activity Info |
| Ultrasound of the Urinary Tract | The most common indication for a point-of-care ultrasound of the urinary tract in the emergency department is flank pain, which is responsible for app ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Ultrasound Therapy | Ultrasound has expanded from the diagnostic realm into alternative therapies for breast, uterine, and even cardiac soft tissue abnormalities. Understa ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Ureteral Injury | Overall, a ureteral injury is rare. The most common cause is iatrogenic trauma during open surgery, laparoscopic, or endoscopic procedures. Penetratin ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Ureterolithiasis | Ureterolithiasis is a painful condition that affects millions of Americans each year. To avoid the high morbidity and mortality associated with this c ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction | Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is one of the most common causes of hydronephrosis in children. If it is left untreated, it might cause loss ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Ureteroscopy | Ureteroscopy is one of the most commonly performed procedures by urologists. It is primarily performed for urinary stone disease of the ureters or re ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Urethral Injury | Urethral Injuries are a relatively rare process that is often associated with severe trauma, childbirth, and improper catheterization. This activity o ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Urethral Strictures | Urethral strictures cause obstructive urinary symptoms, which can be severe and affect the quality of life. They can be caused by many etiologies and ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Urethritis | Urethritis is a lower urinary tract infection causing inflammation of the urethra, a fibromuscular tube through which urine exits the body in both mal ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Urge Incontinence | Urge incontinence is a type of urinary incontinence in adults, which involves sudden compelling urges to void and results in involuntary leakage of ur ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Uric Acid Nephrolithiasis | Uric acid nephrolithiasis is commonly seen with certain conditions like metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Increasing a ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Urinary Diversions And Neobladders | The urinary bladder is designed both to facilitate low-pressure filling and to efficiently expel urine using coordinated contractions. As the bladder ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Urinary Incontinence | Urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine. This condition is prevalent in elderly adults, impacting both health and quality of life, bu ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Urinary Tract Infection | Forty percent of women in the United States will develop a urinary tract infection (UTI) at some point in her lifetime, making this one of the most co ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 16 | Activity Info |
| Urinary Tract Infection In Pregnancy | Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are frequently encountered in pregnant women. Pyelonephritis is the most common serious medical condition seen in preg ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Urolithiasis | Urolithiasis is a common condition, and it accounts for a large number of hospital visits. It is frequently preventable by modification of risk factor ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Vaginal Hysterectomy | Hysterectomy is the most common nonobstetric surgical procedure among women. As such, it is imperative to continue evaluating trends in the performanc ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Valsalva Maneuver | The Valsalva maneuver is forced expiration against a closed glottis. It mimics many normal and in some cases routine activities, such as straining dur ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Varicocele | A varicocele is abnormal dilation and enlargement of the scrotal venous pampiniform plexus which drains blood from each testicle. While usually painle ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Vasectomy | Vasectomy is a definitive, male sterilization procedure that involves disrupting the flow of sperm from the proximal to the distal end of the vas defe ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Vesicoureteral Reflux | Retrograde urine flow from the bladder to the upper urinary tract is known as vesicoureteric reflux. This article illustrates the anatomy and pathophy ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Vesicovaginal Fistula | Vesicovaginal fistula is an anomalous communication between the bladder and vagina, resulting in continuous urine leakage through the vagina. This con ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Wilms Tumor | Wilms tumor, or nephroblastoma, is the most common pediatric renal cancer, the most common pediatric abdominal cancer, and the fourth most common pedi ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Yolk Sac Tumors | Yolk sac tumors (also known as endodermal sinus tumors) are malignant primitive germ cell tumors; they are histologically similar to the mesenchyma of ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Young Syndrome | Young syndrome, also known as sinusitis-infertility syndrome, is a rare inherited syndrome similar to Kartagener syndrome. Individuals born with this ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
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