Featured Article Activities
Hepatitis D
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) was discovered in 1977 in patients with chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Originally t ...
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Mood Disorder
The mood is defined as a pervasive and sustained feeling tone that is endured internally and which impacts nearly all as ...
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Electronic Vaping Delivery Of Cannabis And Nicotine
This activity outlines the current scientific literature and knowledge of the risks and benefits of inhaling nicotine th ...
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
The diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been surrounded by controversy over the last centur ...
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Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Vitamin B1 is one of the eight B vitamins, also known as thiamin (thiamine). Because thiamin can only be stored in the b ...
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Agitation
Agitation is a nonspecific constellation of relatively unrelated behaviors that can be seen in various clinical situatio ...
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NP-Addiction Activities
| Title | Description | Hours | Questions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,4-Methylenedioxy-Methamphetamine | This activity reviews the class 1 drug 3,4 - methylenedioxymethamphetamine, also known as MDMA, Ecstacy or Molly. The drug is known to promote a sens ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Abuse and Neglect | Abuse and neglect refer to the actions or inactions of an individual's caregiver or parent inflicting physical, sexual, or emotional harm on the indiv ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Acute Kidney Injury | Acute kidney injury, previously known as acute renal failure, denotes a sudden and often reversible reduction in the kidney function, as measured by ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 19 | Activity Info |
| Acute On Chronic Liver Failure | Acute on chronic liver failure is a clinical syndrome of sudden hepatic decompensation observed in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease. A ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Addiction | The laymen's definition of addiction is a "fact or condition of being addicted to a particular substance, thing, or activity." Medically it is a "chro ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Addiction Relapse Prevention | Individuals recovering from various forms of addiction frequently encounter relapses that have gained acceptance as an almost inevitable part of the r ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Aggression | Aggression has been treated by both medications and psychotherapy, but relapses are common. Aggressive patients frequently run into legal problems bec ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Agitation | Agitation is a nonspecific constellation of relatively unrelated behaviors that can be seen in various clinical situations, usually presenting with a ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Akathisia | Akathisia is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that can occur as an adverse effect of antipsychotic medications and manifests as psychomotor restlessness. I ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Alcohol Related Psychosis | Psychosis associated with alcohol can occur with acute intoxication, alcohol withdrawal, and chronic alcoholism. Alcohol-related psychosis is also kno ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Alcohol Use Disorder | Alcohol use disorder is very common in the United States. The cause of alcohol use disorder is not well understood, however, several factors are thou ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Alcohol Withdrawal | Alcohol withdrawal symptoms usually appear when an individual discontinues or reduces alcohol intake after a period of prolonged consumption. In most ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy | Alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a cardiac disease caused by chronic alcohol consumption. It is characterized by ventricular dilation and impairment ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Alcoholic Hepatitis | Alcoholic hepatitis is a severe syndrome related to alcoholic liver disease. It is characterized by rapid onset of jaundice, malaise, tender hepatomeg ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Alcoholic Liver Disease | The first stage of alcoholic liver disease is hepatic steatosis, which involves the accumulation of small fat droplets under liver cells approaching t ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Alcoholic Neuropathy | Alcoholic neuropathy is one of the most common adverse effects of chronic alcohol consumption. There is damage to the nerves due to the direct toxic e ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Alcoholic Pancreatitis | Pancreatitis is defined as inflammation of the pancreas, leading to damage and dysfunction of the retroperitoneal organ. It can be classified as Acute ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Alprazolam | Alprazolam, known by various trade names, is the most commonly prescribed psychotropic medication in the United States. Alprazolam is frequently presc ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Amphetamine | Amphetamine is a medication used in the management and treatment of ADHD and narcolepsy. It is classified as a central nervous system stimulant. This ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Amphetamine Related Psychiatric Disorders | Amphetamines belong to a class of compounds called phenethylamines which induce catecholaminergic effects in the CNS and peripheral circulation. Recre ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Amphetamine Toxicity | Amphetamine abuse is widespread, and overdose is associated with significant and negative impacts on the cardiovascular and neurological systems. Pati ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Anabolic Steroid Use Disorder | Androgen use has become a major public health concern due to the transition of use of androgens from strictly sports to a much wider spectrum of the ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Angina | Angina is the most common symptom of ischemic heart disease, which is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Approximately 9 million pa ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Anorexia Nervosa | Anorexia nervosa is defined by a restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, which leads to significantly low body weight. Patients with th ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 16 | Activity Info |
| Anxiety | Fear is an automatic neurophysiological state of alarm characterized by a fight or flight response to a cognitive appraisal of present or imminent dan ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Anxiolytics and Sedative-Hypnotics Toxicity | Anxiolytics and sedative-hypnotics are widely consumed at home and in a hospital setting. This activity reviews the most commonly used agents of these ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Appendicitis in Pregnancy | Appendicitis during pregnancy is a condition in which the appendix becomes inflamed and infected. Its treatment consists of emergent surgery for the r ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Aromatic Toxicity | Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Toluene and benzene can be found in products such as gasoline, nail polis ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Ataxia | Ataxia is a neurological sign that manifests in a lack of coordination in the movement of different muscles in the body. It is a clinical finding and ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Atomoxetine | Atomoxetine is indicated for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults and children over the age of 6. Although atomo ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | The diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been surrounded by controversy over the last century. Over the past 30 years, how ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 22 | Activity Info |
| Auditory Hallucinations | Auditory hallucinations are the sensory perceptions of hearing voices without an external stimulus. This symptom is particularly associated with schiz ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Barbiturate Toxicity | Barbiturates are a class of sedative-hypnotic drugs. They are commonly used as antiepileptics (phenobarbital) and for the induction of general anesthe ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Benzodiazepine Toxicity | Since the 1960s, with the development of chlordiazepoxide and shortly thereafter diazepam, benzodiazepines quickly became popular medications secondar ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Benzodiazepines | Benzodiazepines are especially important in the cessation of seizure activity, as 1% to 2% of emergency department visits annually in the United State ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Binge Eating Disorder | Binge eating disorder is an eating disorder associated with various psychological and non-psychological issues with some degree of impairment of daily ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Bipolar Affective Disorder | The bipolar affective disorder is a chronic and complex disorder of mood that is characterized by a combination of manic (bipolar mania), hypomanic an ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Botulism Antitoxin | Botulinum antitoxin, also known as botulism antitoxin, is comprised of antibodies or antibody antigen-binding fragments that block the neurotoxin prod ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Brexanolone | Brexanolone is a medication used in the treatment of postpartum depression in adult women. It is in the GABA-A modulator class of medications. This ac ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Brief Psychotic Disorder | Brief psychotic disorder (BPD) according to DSM-5 is the sudden onset of psychotic behavior that lasts less than 1 month followed by complete remissio ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Buprenorphine | Buprenorphine, a synthetic opioid, treats pain and opioid use syndrome. It was developed in the late 1960s. It is a synthetic analog of thebaine, whic ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Bupropion | Bupropion is an antidepressant medication that is now also used in smoking cessation. Bupropion has been FDA-approved since 1985. The drug is FDA-appr ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Caffeine | Caffeine is a naturally occurring, central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class and is the most widely taken psychoactive stimul ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Caffeine Withdrawal | Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class and is one of the most widely used drugs in the world. Unlike other p ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome | Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a condition in which a patient experiences cyclical nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain after using cannabi ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Cannabinoid Toxicity | Cannabinoids are a collective group of compounds that act on cannabinoid receptors. They include plant-derived phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoi ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Cannabinoids | Cannabinoids are biologically active compounds used in the management and treatment of appetite/weight loss from HIV/AIDS and chemotherapy in addition ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Cannabis Use Disorder | Cannabis use can cause intoxication, withdrawal, and biopsychosocial issues. This activity describes the evaluation and management of cannabis use dis ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Cardiac Abscess | A cardiac abscess is a suppurative infection of the myocardium, endocardium, native or prosthetic valve tissue. Similar to other abscesses, it develop ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Chest Pain | Chest pain is a common complaint and encompasses a broad differential diagnosis that includes several life-threatening causes. A workup must focus on ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Child Abuse and Neglect | The World Health Organization (WHO) defines child maltreatment as “all forms of physical and emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect, and explo ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity Info |
| Chlordiazepoxide | Chlordiazepoxide is a long-acting benzodiazepine and is an FDA approved medication for adults with mild-moderate to severe anxiety, preoperative anxie ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Cholestatic Jaundice | Cholestasis is defined as stagnation, or at least a marked reduction, in bile secretion and flow. Cholestasis can be due to a functional impairment of ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Chronic Pain | Over one-quarter of United States citizens suffer from chronic pain. It is among the most common complaints seen in an outpatient clinic. The failure ... Read the Article | 2.5 | 41 | Activity Info |
| Chronic Pancreatitis | Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive inflammatory disorder that leads to irreversible destruction of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic parenchyma cau ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity Info |
| Clonus | Clonus is a rhythmic oscillating stretch reflex that is related to upper motor neuron lesions. Therefore, clonus is generally accompanied by hyperrefl ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Clostridium Difficile | Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive bacterium that is the cause most implicated in antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The emergence of a newer hyper ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 14 | Activity Info |
| Cocaine | Cocaine hydrochloride topical solution contains 4% cocaine. It is not FDA-approved but allowed for only the following indications: topical anesthesia ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Cocaine Toxicity | Cocaine abuse is a major worldwide health problem. Patients with acute cocaine toxicity may require urgent treatment for tachycardia, dysrhythmia, hyp ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Codeine | Codeine is a medication used in the management and treatment of chronic pain. It is in the opioid class of medications. This activity outlines the ind ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Conduct Disorder | Conduct disorder (CD) lies on a spectrum of disruptive behavioral disorders which also includes oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). In some cases, OD ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation | Congenital pulmonary airway malformation is a congenital lung disease that can present from the prenatal period to childhood. Though rare overall, it ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Congestive Heart Failure | Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the requirements of the body. It results from a ... Read the Article | 2.25 | 32 | Activity Info |
| Cultural Religious Competence In Clinical Practice | The diversity of religion within our world's population brings challenges for health care providers and systems to deliver culturally competent medica ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 14 | Activity Info |
| Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome | Cyclic vomiting syndrome is characterized by recurrent episodes of nausea and vomiting lasting from hours to days in the absence of identifiable patho ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Cyclothymic Disorder | Cyclothymia is an affective disorder characterized by mood instability and mood changes that do not fit the criteria for other mood disorders such as ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Defense Mechanisms | Anna Freud defined defense mechanisms as "unconscious resources used by the ego" to ultimately decrease internal stress. Patients often devise these u ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Delirium | Delirium, also known as the acute confusional state, is a clinical syndrome that usually develops in the elderly. It is characterized by an alteration ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Delirium Tremens | Alcohol abuse is a common condition that has been associated with severe impairments in social functioning and medical problems. As high as 20% of the ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Depression | Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic Stat ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Dextroamphetamine-Amphetamine | Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine belongs to a class of drugs known as central nervous system stimulants. The Drug Enforcement Administration/Food and Dru ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Dextromethorphan Toxicity | Dextromethorphan is a drug used in many over-the-counter cough and cold medicines for its antitussive effects. It comes in oral strips, lozenges, liqu ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Diazepam | Diazepam is a benzodiazepine medication that is FDA approved for the management of anxiety disorders, short-term relief of anxiety symptoms, spasticit ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Dilated Cardiomyopathy | Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of the heart muscle characterized by enlargement and dilation of one or both of the ventricles along with im ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Diphenhydramine Toxicity | Diphenhydramine is most often used for the treatment of nausea, vomiting, allergic rhinitis, mild to severe allergic reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis), an ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Diphenoxylate and Atropine | Diphenoxylate/atropine combination is a medication used in the management and treatment of diarrhea. It is in the antimotility class of drugs. This ac ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Disulfiram | Disulfiram is one of three drugs approved by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of alcohol dependence. It is a second-line option ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Domestic Violence | Family and domestic violence is a common problem in the United States, affecting an estimated 10 million people every year; as many as one in four wom ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 14 | Activity Info |
| Dopamine | Dopamine is a peripheral vasostimulant used to treat low blood pressure, low heart rate, and cardiac arrest. Low infusion rates (0.5 to 2 micrograms/k ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Dronabinol | Dronabinol is synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol ('THC'), which obtained FDA approval in 1985 for the treatment of HIV/AIDs-induced anorexia and chemother ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Drug and Alcohol Use | The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition includes 10 separate classes of drugs of abuse, which include alcohol, caffei ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Drug Induced Valvular Heart Disease | Drug-induced valvular heart disease (DIVHD) is a condition involving changes in the morphology and functionality of valvular leaflets secondary to exp ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Drug Testing | Broadly defined, drug testing is the process of using a biological sample to detect the presence or absence of a drug or its metabolites. This process ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Electronic Vaping Delivery Of Cannabis And Nicotine | This activity outlines the current scientific literature and knowledge of the risks and benefits of inhaling nicotine through proprietary devices. It ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Esophageal Varices | Esophageal varices are dilated submucosal distal esophageal veins connecting the portal and systemic circulations. They form due to portal hypertensio ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 18 | Activity Info |
| Ethanol | Ethanol is an alcohol by chemical composition, used in the management and treatment of methanol/ethylene glycol toxicity. Ethanol has also been used e ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Ethanol Toxicity | Ethanol toxicity results from the ingestion of large amounts of ethanol, usually in the form of alcohol. It affects multiple organ systems in both the ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Fentanyl | Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid, which, similar to morphine, produces analgesia but to a greater extent. This robust pharmacologic agent is typi ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | Fetal alcohol syndrome is one of the five disorders that comprise fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). These fetal alcohol spectrum disorders clas ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Flucytosine | Flucytosine is a medication used in the management and treatment of systemic and severe candida and cryptococcus infections. It is in the antimetaboli ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Flumazenil | Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist. The primary FDA-approved clinical uses for flumazenil include reversal agent for benzodiazepine overdose an ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Fluoxetine | Fluoxetine is FDA-approved for major depressive disorder (age eight and older), obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, bulimia, binge eating d ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate Toxicity | Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is pharmaceutically manufactured as sodium oxybate for the treatment of narcolepsy. This formulation is considered a Sched ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | Generalized anxiety disorder is a mental health disorder that produces fear, worry, and a constant feeling of being overwhelmed. It is characterized b ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Group Therapy | Group therapy is the treatment of multiple patients at once by one or more healthcare providers. It can be used to treat a variety of conditions inclu ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Heart Transplantation | A heart transplant is performed in patients with refractory acute and chronic heart failure. An orthotopic heart transplant is the most commonly utili ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Hepatic Cirrhosis | Cirrhosis is characterized by fibrosis and nodule formation of the liver secondary to chronic injury, leading to alteration of the normal lobular orga ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 20 | Activity Info |
| Hepatic Encephalopathy | Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) is a reversible syndrome observed in patients with advanced liver dysfunction. This syndrome is characterized by a wide sp ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 18 | Activity Info |
| Hepatic Failure | Acute liver failure (ALF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by coagulopathy, elevated liver biochemistry, and hepatic encephalopathy withou ... Read the Article | 1 | 3 | Activity Info |
| Hepatitis C | Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health problem affecting 185 million people worldwide. The percentage of people who are seropositive for ant ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 22 | Activity Info |
| Hepatitis D | Hepatitis D virus (HDV) was discovered in 1977 in patients with chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Originally thought to be an unrecognized H ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Heroin | Heroin, also known as diacetylmorphine, is derived from the opium poppy plant. Professionals initially touted morphine as a substitute with less misus ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Heroin Toxicity | Heroin, also known as diacetylmorphine, is a very efficient prodrug and more potent than Morphine. Many deaths are caused by heroin overdoses througho ... Read the Article | 1 | 3 | Activity Info |
| HIV Prevention | This activity reviews the risk factors for HIV transmission and methods of reducing risk of transmission. Although HIV infections are overall decreasi ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Holiday Heart Syndrome | The holiday heart syndrome is a common cause of cardiac disease predominantly in the United States of America. The Holiday heart syndrome, also referr ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Hydrocodone | Hydrocodone is a schedule II semi-synthetic opioid medication used to treat pain. Hydrocodone is also an antitussive indicated for cough in adults. In ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Hydrocodone and Acetaminophen | Hydrocodone is one of the most common pain medications prescribed by clinicians and one of the most abused by the patients. It is a relatively potent ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Hyperbaric Treatment Of Clostridial Myositis And Myonecrosis | Clostridial myonecrosis, also called gas gangrene, can rapidly cause death if not immediately detected and treated. It is caused by the anaerobic spor ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Hypercortisolism | Hypercortisolism refers to the clinical state resulting from excess tissue exposure to cortisol and/or other glucocorticoids. When such exposure is su ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Hyperesthesia | Hyperesthesia occurs as a symptom of neuropathic pain and can be present in any disease process that affects the somatosensory nervous system. Treatme ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Hyperhidrosis | Hyperhidrosis is a disorder of excessive sweating due to over-stimulation of cholinergic receptors on eccrine glands. This pathologic disorder is char ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Hypomagnesemia | Magnesium is an important electrolyte. It is a key part of many reactions that occur in the human body, affecting cellular function, nerve conduction, ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Hypothalamic Dysfunction | The hypothalamus is the central command center for hormonal regulation, and its effects are primarily carried out by the hormones released from the hy ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Intrathecal Catheter | The placement of an intrathecal catheter is a minimally invasive procedure aimed at releasing drugs directly into the subarachnoid space for the contr ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Ketamine | Ketamine (ketamine hydrochloride) has been approved for use in general anesthesia either alone or in combination with other medications. It is a super ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Ketamine In Acute and Chronic Pain Management | Acute and chronic pain remain important health problems both in the United States and worldwide. With the rise in the prevalence of many chronic degen ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Ketamine Toxicity | Ketamine is a structural analog of the dissociative anesthetic and recreational drug phencyclidine (PCP). Similar to phencyclidine, ketamine causes an ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Ketogenic Diet | Despite continuous advances in the medical world, obesity continues to remain a major worldwide health hazard with adult mortality as high as 2.8 mill ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Korsakoff Syndrome | Korsakoff syndrome is a chronic neuropsychiatric syndrome that is caused by the deficiency of thiamine, also known as vitamin B1. This deficiency lead ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Learning Disability | Learning disabilities (LDs) refer to a number of disorders that may affect the acquisition, organization, retention, comprehension, or the use of both ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Leukocytosis | Leukocytosis has a variety of etiologies with which clinicians of all backgrounds should be familiar. This activity outlines the evaluation of leukocy ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Lhermitte Sign | Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, predominantly immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system. Neuropathic pain in MS is poorly understood ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Lithium | Despite the availability of newer mood stabilizers, lithium continues to be a first-line treatment for bipolar disorder. It is often underutilized bec ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Lithium Toxicity | The drug of choice for recurrent bipolar illness management remains to be lithium. Lithium, a monovalent cation similar to sodium with an unknown mech ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Lorazepam | Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine medication commonly used as the sedative and anxiolytic of choice in the inpatient setting owing to its fast (1 to 3 min ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Lung Abscess | A lung abscess is a microbial infection of the lung that results in necrosis of the pulmonary parenchyma. Depending on the duration, it can be classif ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 19 | Activity Info |
| Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) | Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a classical hallucinogen. No approved indications for LSD-assisted therapy exist today. It has been used in the pa ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Toxicity | D-lysergic acid diethylamide, or LSD, is a prominent hallucinogenic drug of abuse that can produce profound, dose-dependent subjective effects in thos ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Major Depressive Disorder | Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been ranked as the third cause of the burden of disease worldwide in 2008 by WHO, which has projected that this di ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Malingering | Malingering is falsification or profound exaggeration of illness (physical or mental) to gain external benefits such as avoiding work or responsibilit ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Mallory Weiss Syndrome | Mallory-Weiss syndrome is one of the common causes of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding and is characterized by the presence of longitudinal super ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| MAO Inhibitors | Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO Inhibitors) are medications used in the management and treatment of depression, among other neurological and psychia ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Marchiafava Bignami Disease | Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a very rare disorder characterized by demyelination and necrosis of the corpus callosum. The adjacent subcortical ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Marijuana | Cannabis, also known as marijuana, is commonly sought out by patients for various conditions. Conversely, many providers are uncomfortable prescribing ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Marijuana Toxicity | The term "marijuana" typically refers to the tobacco-like preparations of the leaves and flowers of the plant cannabis sativa. The active ingredient i ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Methadone | Methadone is a medication used in the management and treatment of opioid use disorder and as an analgesic in chronic pain. It is a synthetic long-term ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Methamphetamine | Methamphetamine is one of the powerful stimulants of the central nervous system (CNS). It is sometimes a second-line treatment for attention deficit h ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Methamphetamine Toxicity | Methamphetamine is a highly addictive psychostimulant drug that is a derivative of amphetamine. Methamphetamine can produce euphoria and stimulant eff ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Methylphenidate | Methylphenidate is FDA-approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults and as a second-line treat ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor Toxicity | Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of antidepressants. The use of MAOIs has declined in the past few decades due to the introduction of ... Read the Article | 0.75 | 2 | Activity Info |
| Mood Disorder | The mood is defined as a pervasive and sustained feeling tone that is endured internally and which impacts nearly all aspects of a person’s behavior i ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Morphine | FDA-approved usage of morphine sulfate includes moderate to severe pain that may be acute or chronic. Most commonly used in pain management, morphine ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 14 | Activity Info |
| Moyamoya Disease | Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an isolated chronic, usually bilateral, vasculopathy of undetermined etiology characterized by progressive narrowing of the ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Mushroom Toxicity | The term mushroom refers to the fungal fruiting body. Anatomically, the prototypical mushroom comprises the stem and a cap with gills on the underside ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Nalbuphine | Nalbuphine is FDA indicated for moderate to severe pain in which an opioid agent is required when other alternative treatments have been insufficient. ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Naloxone | Over the past two decades, the rate of overdose from opiates has increased significantly. Opiate misuse is associated with enormous morbidity and mort ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Naltrexone | Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist used to treat alcohol use disorder and opioid dependence. It is FDA-approved for alcohol misuse and opioid dependen ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Narcotic Bowel Syndrome | It is estimated that anywhere from 25% to 45% of the adult population suffers from long-term pain, which results in a poor quality of life, loss of pr ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome | Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is a spectrum of clinical manifestations seen in neonates due to withdrawal from intrauterine drug exposure. It is ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome | Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a life-threatening syndrome associated with the use of dopamine-receptor antagonist medications or with rapid ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 11 | Activity Info |
| Neurological Sequelae Of Endocarditis | Endocarditis is inflammation or infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of cardiac valves and cardiac muscle. It most commonly results from bac ... Read the Article | 1 | 3 | Activity Info |
| Nevirapine | Nevirapine is a drug used in the management and treatment of HIV. It is in the NNRTI class of medications. This activity outlines the indications, act ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Nicotine | Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is for those who want to quit smoking, as abruptly quitting can cause withdrawals and cravings. Nicotine withdrawal ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Nicotine Addiction | Nicotine addiction is a complex disorder with no easy cure. Habitual use of tobacco and tobacco products continues to be a significant contributor to ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Nocturnal Cough | A cough is an essential protective and defensive reflex that the body uses to remove mucus, noxious substances, and irritants from the larynx, trachea ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Opioid Addiction | Opioid use disorder and opioid addiction remain at epidemic levels in the US and worldwide. Three million US citizens and 16 million individuals world ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Opioid Analgesics | Opioids are a class of medication used in the management and treatment of pain. This activity outlines the indications, action, and contraindications ... Read the Article | 1 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Opioid Anesthesia | Opioids have had a wide range of uses in medicine throughout history. However, they have fallen under scrutiny in recent history due to the opioid cri ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Opioid Antagonists | Opioid receptor antagonists block one or more of the opioid receptors in the central or peripheral nervous system. Opioid receptors are specific trans ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Opioid Equivalency | Opioids are often prescribed for cancer-related pain and moderate-to-severe chronic pain, especially pain that is inadequately controlled with non-opi ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Opioid Overdose | One very common reason why patients seek medical care is for pain. Today, there are many ways to relieve pain, and one of them is with the use of opia ... Read the Article | 1 | 3 | Activity Info |
| Opioid Toxicity | Opioids and opiates together comprise a class of medications widely used primarily to control severe pain. If first-line agents are not effective in c ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Opioid Use Disorder | Opioid use disorder has a significant impact on the quality of life. It is an epidemic in the United States. The persistent use of opioids should be d ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Opioid Withdrawal | Opioid withdrawal syndrome is a life-threatening condition resulting from opioid dependence. Opioids are a group of drugs used to manage severe pain a ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Opioid-induced Endocrinopathy | Hormone replacement therapy is a mainstay of treatment for those suffering from opioid-induced endocrinopathy (OIE), which can have a significant impa ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Optic Atrophy | Optic atrophy is the hallmark of damage to the visual pathway. It appears as a pale disc on fundus examination. This clinical appearance is not a dise ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Osteoid Osteoma | An osteoid osteoma is a benign bone-forming tumor that has no potential to become malignant. It classically causes severe pain at night and is relieve ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Osteomyelitis | Osteomyelitis is a serious infection of the bone that can be either acute or chronic. It is an inflammatory process involving the bone and its structu ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 18 | Activity Info |
| Oxazepam | Oxazepam is a short-acting benzodiazepine used for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal, management of anxiety disorders, and tension. This activity w ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Pain Assessment | There are multiple tools used to help assess a patient's pain. These tools can be used to assess multiple types of pain, ranging from nociceptive pain ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Panic Disorder | Panic disorder is fairly common in the general population. Among all anxiety disorders, it has the highest number of medical visits and serves as a ve ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity Info |
| Parkinsonism | Parkinsonism is a motor syndrome that manifests as rigidity, tremors, and bradykinesia. Parkinsonism is caused by Parkinson disease in about eighty pe ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Patient Restraint and Seclusion | Patient restraint and seclusion is a controversial yet necessary aspect of medicine. Restraint encompasses both physical and chemical procedures. This ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Pediatric Preoperative Management | The preoperative management of anesthesia in children differs from that in adults. These differences include employing cognitive and age-appropriate l ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Perinatal Drug Abuse And Neonatal Drug Withdrawal | Drug abuse and addiction have significantly increased over the last few decades; specifically, opioid abuse and dependence have increased to epidemic ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Personality Disorder | Personality disorders are pervasive, maladaptive, and chronic patterns of behavior, cognition, and mood. Persons who have personality disorders experi ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Phencyclidine Toxicity | Phencyclidine (PCP) is a dissociative anesthetic that is a commonly used recreational drug. PCP is a crystalline powder that can be ingested orally, i ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Phenytoin | Phenytoin is a medication used in the management and treatment of epilepsy, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, complex partial seizures, and status ep ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 17 | Activity Info |
| Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy | Portosystemic or hepatic encephalopathy is defined as a neuropsychiatric syndrome due to a portosystemic shunt. The causative factor is increased ammo ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Post-op Urinary Retention | Postoperative urinary retention is the inability to urinate after a surgical procedure despite having a full bladder. It is a relatively common compli ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Postoperative Delirium | Post-operative delirium (POD) can occur from anywhere between 10 minutes after anesthesia up until discharge from the hospital. It is commonly recogni ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Postoperative Pain Control | Postoperative pain is experienced by the vast majority of patients who undergo surgical procedures. Control of postoperative pain plays an essential r ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disabling psychiatric disorder that results from being exposed to real or threatened injury, death, and sexu ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Prescription of Controlled Substances: Benefits and Risks | One of the single most difficult challenges for any prescriber is to distinguish between the legitimate prescription of controlled substances versus t ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Prochlorperazine | Prochlorperazine is a first-generation antipsychotic. FDA indications include schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and other conditions presenting with sym ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Propofol Toxicity | Propofol is a phenol derivative administered intravenously that is commonly used for sedation and in general anesthesia. The most common formulation ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Propranolol | Propranolol can be used to ameliorate the sympathetic response in angina, tachyarrhythmias, prevention of acute ischemic attacks, migraine prophylaxis ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Psychosis | Psychosis is a loose description of an amalgamation of psychological symptoms resulting in a loss of contact with reality. It is thought that although ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Recognizing Alcohol and Drug Impairment in the Workplace in Florida | Drug and alcohol impairment in the workplace are a common problem, especially in healthcare settings. Given the high prevalence of drug and alcohol im ... Read the Article | 2.25 | 27 | Activity Info |
| Rhino-orbital Cerebral Mucormycosis | Rhino-orbital cerebral mucormycosis in an uncommon infection caused by the angiotropic fungus belonging to the order Mucorales and has high morbidity ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Schizoid Personality Disorder | Schizoid personality disorder is one of three disorders that make up cluster A personality disorder. Those afflicted with schizoid personality disorde ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of medications that are most commonly prescribed for the treatment of depression. They are ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Serotonin Syndrome | Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening condition precipitated by the use of serotonergic drugs. It may be a consequence of therapeutic m ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 15 | Activity Info |
| Sertraline | Sertraline is a medication used to manage and treat major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress di ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Short Term Insomnia | Sleep is becoming an increasingly precious commodity as more and more people are reporting issues with sleep in our busy society. Issues with sleep ha ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Simethicone | Simethicone is a medication used in the management and treatment of flatulence. This activity describes the indications, mechanism of action, and cont ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Sleep Apnea Syndrome | Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a condition in which there is a dynamic collapse of upper airway tissues during sleep. This may result in recurren ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 10 | Activity Info |
| Smoking Cessation | Tobacco use, primarily as cigarette smoking, is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States. Assisting patients with smoki ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Somatic Syndrome Disorders | According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), somatic symptom disorder (SSD) involves one or mo ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 8 | Activity Info |
| Specific Phobia | Patients with specific phobias experience anxiety and panic attacks along with unreasonable fear of exposure or anticipated exposure to a feared stimu ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Spinal Cord Injuries | Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious medical condition, which often results in severe morbidity and permanent disability. It occurs when the axons of ... Read the Article | 1.75 | 22 | Activity Info |
| Spinal Opioids In Anesthetic Practice | Spinal opioids for use in anesthesia offers several advantages to systemic pain management. This occurs mainly through the mechanism of action when pl ... Read the Article | 1.5 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Stimulants | The term stimulants cover a broad class of drugs that increase the activity of the central nervous system. These drugs are used by a very high percent ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Substance Induced Mood Disorders | Substance-induced disorders include, among other disorders, substance/medication-induced mental disorders. Substance/medication-induced mental disorde ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Substance Use In Pregnancy | Substance use disorder (SUD) in pregnancy is a growing concern in the United States. Patients with substance use disorders in the peripartum period fa ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Suicide Risk | Suicide is the tenth most common cause of death in the United States, but it can often be prevented with appropriate intervention. This activity re ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Sympathomimetic Toxicity | Stimulants have been abused for hundreds, if not thousands, of years because they can increase a person's ability to maintain focus and work for longe ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Sympathomimetics | Sympathomimetics are a classification of medication used in the management and treatment of cardiovascular pathology, hypersensitivity, COPD, and glau ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Tachypnea | Tachypnea is defined as a breathing rate that is higher than the normal breathing rate. This condition is seen in both the physiologic state as well a ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) | THC or Tetrahydrocannabinol is the major psychoactive component and one of the 113 cannabinoids recognized in cannabis. A synthetic formulation of THC ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Transient Global Amnesia | Transient global amnesia (TGA) is acute onset anterograde amnesia that is temporary and usually occurs in middle-aged and older individuals. It is oft ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Tricyclic Antidepressant Toxicity | Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were introduced in the late 1950s for the treatment of depression. With the advent of selective serotonin reuptake in ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 12 | Activity Info |
| Vaping Associated Pulmonary Injury | Vaping associated pulmonary injury (VAPI), also called e-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury (EVALI), is an acute or subacute respi ... Read the Article | 1 | 4 | Activity Info |
| Varenicline | Smoking is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the human population and poses as one of the most modifiable risk factors towards preventing ... Read the Article | 1 | 6 | Activity Info |
| Venlafaxine | Venlafaxine is FDA approved to treat and manage symptoms of depression, social anxiety disorder, and cataplexy. Off-label, venlafaxine can be used f ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Violent Patients | Violence in healthcare is a worldwide and critical issue. In 2017, the Bureau of Labor and Statistics reported that healthcare workers are five times ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Viral Encephalitis | Viral encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by a virus. It is the most common type of encephalitis and often coexists with viral ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Viral Hepatitis | Viral hepatitis is a form of hepatitis that can be acute or chronic. It has various presentations and different outcomes, depending on the specific ca ... Read the Article | 1 | 7 | Activity Info |
| Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) | Vitamin B1 is one of the eight B vitamins, also known as thiamin (thiamine). Because thiamin can only be stored in the body for a short time before it ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Vitamin B1 Thiamine Deficiency | Thiamine, or vitamin B1, was the first vitamin identified to be identified. It functions as a catalyst in the generation of energy through decarboxyla ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Wernicke Encephalopathy | Wernicke encephalopathy is an acute neurological condition characterized by a clinical triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and confusion. This disease i ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 9 | Activity Info |
| Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome | Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a condition caused by a deficiency of thiamine or vitamin B1. Patients classically present with a clinical triad of oph ... Read the Article | 1.25 | 13 | Activity Info |
| Withdrawal Syndromes | Withdrawal from drugs and alcohol is a common medical problem. Presentation may vary based on the frequency, duration, and quantity that was typically ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |
| Zinc | Zinc is a medication used in the management and treatment of diarrhea. It is in the mineral and supplemental class of drugs. This activity outlines th ... Read the Article | 1 | 5 | Activity Info |