Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), including nonfatal cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction (MI), congestive heart failure (HF), or new cardiac ...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, plasma-like fluid that bathes the central nervous system (CNS). It occupies the central spinal canal, th ...

The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system came about to offer perioperative clinicians a simple categor ...

Urinary retention is the inability to void urine voluntarily. It can be acute or chronic. It is a common medical problem across the globe, and ...

Patients with the clinical and biochemical signs and symptoms of hypoperfusion secondary to cardiac failure or cardiac arrest carry high short-term ...

Airway management is of paramount importance in the operating room and critical care settings. Patients who are in respiratory distress or require ...