[1]
Johnson RM, Hart DL, Simmons EF, Ramsby GR, Southwick WO. Cervical orthoses. A study comparing their effectiveness in restricting cervical motion in normal subjects. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume. 1977 Apr:59(3):332-9
[PubMed PMID: 849944]
[2]
PERRY J, NICKEL VL. Total cervicalspine fusion for neck paralysis. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume. 1959 Jan:41-A(1):37-60
[PubMed PMID: 13620686]
[3]
van Middendorp JJ, Hosman AJ. Re: Evaluation of morbidity, mortality and outcome following cervical spine injuries in elderly patients. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 2008 Nov:17(11):1538-9. doi: 10.1007/s00586-008-0774-y. Epub 2008 Sep 16
[PubMed PMID: 18795345]
[4]
Bransford RJ, Stevens DW, Uyeji S, Bellabarba C, Chapman JR. Halo vest treatment of cervical spine injuries: a success and survivorship analysis. Spine. 2009 Jul 1:34(15):1561-6. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a9702d. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 19521274]
[5]
Bono CM. The halo fixator. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2007 Dec:15(12):728-37
[PubMed PMID: 18063713]
[6]
Caird MS, Hensinger RN, Weiss N, Farley FA. Complications and problems in halo treatment of toddlers: limited ambulation is recommended. Journal of pediatric orthopedics. 2006 Nov-Dec:26(6):750-2
[PubMed PMID: 17065939]
[7]
Knize DM. A study of the supraorbital nerve. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 1995 Sep:96(3):564-9
[PubMed PMID: 7638280]
[8]
Kang M, Vives MJ, Vaccaro AR. The halo vest: principles of application and management of complications. The journal of spinal cord medicine. 2003 Fall:26(3):186-92
[PubMed PMID: 14997956]
[9]
Theodore N, Aarabi B, Dhall SS, Gelb DE, Hurlbert RJ, Rozzelle CJ, Ryken TC, Walters BC, Hadley MN. Occipital condyle fractures. Neurosurgery. 2013 Mar:72 Suppl 2():106-13. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e3182775527. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 23417183]
[10]
Musbahi O, Khan AHA, Anwar MO, Chaudery H, Ali AM, Montgomery AS. Immobilisation in occipital condyle fractures: A systematic review. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery. 2018 Oct:173():130-139. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.08.013. Epub 2018 Aug 9
[PubMed PMID: 30125835]
Level 1 (high-level) evidence
[11]
Horn EM, Feiz-Erfan I, Lekovic GP, Dickman CA, Sonntag VK, Theodore N. Survivors of occipitoatlantal dislocation injuries: imaging and clinical correlates. Journal of neurosurgery. Spine. 2007 Feb:6(2):113-20
[PubMed PMID: 17330577]
[12]
Ryken TC, Aarabi B, Dhall SS, Gelb DE, Hurlbert RJ, Rozzelle CJ, Theodore N, Walters BC, Hadley MN. Management of isolated fractures of the atlas in adults. Neurosurgery. 2013 Mar:72 Suppl 2():127-31. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e318276ee2a. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 23417185]
[13]
Ekong CE, Schwartz ML, Tator CH, Rowed DW, Edmonds VE. Odontoid fracture: management with early mobilization using the halo device. Neurosurgery. 1981 Dec:9(6):631-7
[PubMed PMID: 7322328]
[14]
Ryken TC, Hadley MN, Aarabi B, Dhall SS, Gelb DE, Hurlbert RJ, Rozzelle CJ, Theodore N, Walters BC. Management of isolated fractures of the axis in adults. Neurosurgery. 2013 Mar:72 Suppl 2():132-50. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e318276ee40. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 23417186]
[15]
Banat M, Vychopen M, Wach J, Salemdawod A, Scorzin J, Vatter H. Use of halo fixation therapy for traumatic cranio-cervical instability in children: a systematic review. European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society. 2022 Oct:48(5):3505-3511. doi: 10.1007/s00068-021-01849-z. Epub 2021 Dec 9
[PubMed PMID: 34881392]
Level 1 (high-level) evidence
[16]
Verhofste BP, Glotzbecker MP, Birch CM, O'Neill NP, Hedequist DJ. Halo-gravity traction for the treatment of pediatric cervical spine disorders. Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics. 2019 Dec 27:():1-10. doi: 10.3171/2019.10.PEDS19513. Epub 2019 Dec 27
[PubMed PMID: 31881541]
[17]
Limpaphayom N, Skaggs DL, McComb G, Krieger M, Tolo VT. Complications of halo use in children. Spine. 2009 Apr 15:34(8):779-84. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31819e2d90. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 19337133]
[18]
Tashjian RZ, Majercik S, Biffl WL, Palumbo MA, Cioffi WG. Halo-vest immobilization increases early morbidity and mortality in elderly odontoid fractures. The Journal of trauma. 2006 Jan:60(1):199-203
[PubMed PMID: 16456456]
[19]
Botte MJ, Byrne TP, Abrams RA, Garfin SR. Halo Skeletal Fixation: Techniques of Application and Prevention of Complications. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 1996 Jan:4(1):44-53
[PubMed PMID: 10795038]
[20]
Menon KV, Al Rawi AE, Taif S, Al Ghafri K, Mollahalli KK. Orbital roof fracture and orbital cellulitis secondary to halo pin penetration: case report. Global spine journal. 2015 Feb:5(1):63-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1384818. Epub 2014 Jul 26
[PubMed PMID: 25648519]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[21]
Lopes A, Andrade A, Silva I, Paiva W, Brock R, Teixeira M. Brain Abscess After Halo Fixation for the Cervical Spine. World neurosurgery. 2017 Aug:104():1047.e7-1047.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.05.033. Epub 2017 May 15
[PubMed PMID: 28522382]
[22]
Dill SR, Cobbs CG, McDonald CK. Subdural empyema: analysis of 32 cases and review. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 1995 Feb:20(2):372-86
[PubMed PMID: 7742444]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[23]
Malik SA, Murphy M, Connolly P, O'Byrne J. Evaluation of morbidity, mortality and outcome following cervical spine injuries in elderly patients. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 2008 Apr:17(4):585-91. doi: 10.1007/s00586-008-0603-3. Epub 2008 Jan 15
[PubMed PMID: 18196293]
[24]
Miyagi M, Takahashi H, Tsuchiya K, Sekiya H, Ebihara S. Role of O-C2 angle in the development of dysphagia in patients with halo-vest fixation. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2020 Feb 28:21(1):131. doi: 10.1186/s12891-020-3155-2. Epub 2020 Feb 28
[PubMed PMID: 32111198]
[25]
Cheong ML, Chan CY, Saw LB, Kwan MK. Pneumocranium secondary to halo vest pin penetration through an enlarged frontal sinus. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 2009 Jul:18 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):269-71. doi: 10.1007/s00586-009-1004-y. Epub 2009 Apr 24
[PubMed PMID: 19390875]
[26]
Ivancic PC, Telles CJ. Neck motion due to the halo-vest in prone and supine positions. Spine. 2010 May 1:35(10):E400-6. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181bb4d2c. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 20118835]
[27]
Horn EM, Theodore N, Feiz-Erfan I, Lekovic GP, Dickman CA, Sonntag VK. Complications of halo fixation in the elderly. Journal of neurosurgery. Spine. 2006 Jul:5(1):46-9
[PubMed PMID: 16850955]
[28]
Alzahrani MM, Aljurayyan AN, Ouellet J. Incisor Diastasis Associated With Halo Traction in an Osteogenesis Imperfecta Patient: Case Report. Spine deformity. 2015 May:3(3):281-285. doi: 10.1016/j.jspd.2014.09.053. Epub 2015 Apr 23
[PubMed PMID: 27927472]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[29]
Joestl J, Lang NW, Tiefenboeck TM, Hajdu S, Platzer P. Management and Outcome of Dens Fracture Nonunions in Geriatric Patients. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume. 2016 Feb 3:98(3):193-8. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.O.00101. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 26842409]
[30]
van Middendorp JJ, Slooff WB, Nellestein WR, Oner FC. Incidence of and risk factors for complications associated with halo-vest immobilization: a prospective, descriptive cohort study of 239 patients. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume. 2009 Jan:91(1):71-9. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.G.01347. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 19122081]