Kayser-Fleischer Ring

Overview

4.8 out of 5 (6 Reviews)

Credits

1.00

Post Assessment Questions

5

Start Date

1 Sep 2023

Last Review Date

25 Jan 2024

Expiration Date

31 Aug 2026

Estimated Time To Finish

60 Minutes


 
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Activity Description

Kayser-Fleischer rings are a common ophthalmological finding in patients with Wilson disease—a genetic disorder that affects copper metabolism in the body. Usually evident in late childhood or early adolescence, these rings develop due to excess copper deposition on the inner surface of the cornea within the Descemet membrane. Occasionally, Kayser-Fleischer rings may manifest in patients with other conditions, such as primary biliary cholangitis, neonatal cholestasis, and liver disease. Additional complications include psychiatric illnesses, neurological symptoms, cardiomyopathy, infertility, and hemolytic anemia. Without proper treatment, Wilson disease can progress to cirrhosis and liver failure, ultimately resulting in death.

Kayser-Fleischer rings are not specific to Wilson disease, and they can be found in patients with primary biliary cholangitis and children with neonatal cholestasis. These rings do not typically cause visual impairment and can be resolved through treatment. However, they may reappear with disease progression, serving as valuable indicators of the patient's response to therapy and adherence to treatment. A slit-lamp examination is essential to diagnose Kayser-Fleischer rings, especially in the early stages, unless the rings are visible to the naked eye in conditions of severe copper overload. Prompt recognition of Kayser-Fleischer rings, evaluation of the underlying cause, and management of excess copper levels are crucial in reducing patient morbidity and mortality. This activity reviews the etiology, pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of Kayser-Fleischer rings, highlighting the critical roles of the interprofessional healthcare team in ensuring the timely evaluation of the condition and treatment of affected individuals.


Target Audience

This activity has been designed to meet the educational needs of physicians, physician associates, nurses, pharmacists, and nurse practitioners.

Learning Objectives

At the conclusion of this activity, the learner will be better able to:

  • Identify Kayser–Fleischer rings during ocular examinations and understand their potential occurrence in conditions such as Wilson disease, primary biliary cholangitis, neonatal cholestasis, and liver disease.

  • Implement a slit-lamp examination to diagnose Kayser-Fleischer rings, especially in early stages or severe copper overload.

  • Apply knowledge of the broader implications of Kayser-Fleischer rings, including associated complications and outcomes.

  • Collaborate with interprofessional healthcare teams to ensure comprehensive evaluation and treatment of patients with Kayser–Fleischer rings.

Disclosures

StatPearls, LLC requires everyone who influences the content of an educational activity to disclose relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies that have occurred within the past 24 months. Ineligible companies are organizations whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. All relevant conflict(s) of interest have been mitigated. Hover over contributor names for financial disclosures. Others involved in planning this educational activity have no relevant financial relationships to disclose.

Commercial Support: This activity has received NO commercial support.

Continuing Education Accreditation Information

In support of improving patient care, StatPearls, LLC is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.

 

Physicians and Physician Associates: StatPearls, LLC designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.00 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)TM. Physicians and PAs should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

American Board of Internal Medicine: Successful completion of this CME activity, which includes participation in the evaluation component, enables the participant to earn up to 1.00 MOC points in the American Board of Internal Medicine’s (ABIM) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program. It is the CME activity provider’s responsibility to submit participant completion information to ACCME for the purpose of granting ABIM MOC credit.

American Board of Pathology: Successful completion of this Continuing Certification activity, which includes participation in the evaluation component, enables the participant to earn up to 1.00 Lifelong Learning (CME) credits in the American Board of Pathology’s Continuing Certification Program.

American Board of Pediatrics: Successful completion of this CME activity, which includes participation in the evaluation component, enables the learner to earn up to 1.00 MOC points in the American Board of Pediatrics’ (ABP) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program. It is the CME activity provider’s responsibility to submit learner completion information to ACCME for the purpose of granting ABP MOC credit.

Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada: Through an agreement between the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, medical practitioners participating in the Royal College MOC Program may record completion of accredited activities registered under the ACCME’s “CME in Support of MOC” program in Section 3 of the Royal College’s MOC Program.

Please consult your professional licensing board for information on the applicability and acceptance of continuing education credit for this activity.

Method of Participation and Credit

  1. Register for the activity.    
  2. Review the target audience, learning objectives, and disclosure information.
  3. Study the educational content of the enduring material.
  4. Choose the best answer to each activity test question. To receive credit and a certificate, you must pass the test questions with a minimum score of 100%.
  5. Complete the post-activity assessment survey.

If you have concerns regarding the CE/CME system, please contact support@statpearls.com.

Disclaimer

This educational activity was planned and produced in accordance with the ACCME Standards for Integrity and Independence in Accredited Continuing Education. Faculty may discuss investigational products or off-label uses of products regulated by the FDA. Readers should verify all information before employing any therapies described in this educational activity.

The information provided for this activity is for continuing education purposes only and is not meant to substitute for the independent medical/clinical judgment of a healthcare provider relative to diagnostic and treatment options of a specific patient’s medical condition. The information presented does not necessarily reflect the views of StatPearls or any commercial supporters of educational activities on statpearls.com. StatPearls expressly disclaims responsibility for any adverse consequences resulting directly or indirectly from information in the course, for undetected error, or through a participant's misunderstanding of the content.

Unapproved Uses of Drugs/Devices: In accordance with FDA requirements, the audience is advised that information presented in this continuing education activity may contain references to unlabeled or unapproved uses of drugs or devices. Please refer to the FDA-approved package insert for each drug/device for full prescribing/utilization information.

Cancellation Policy: Please see the cancellation policy. StatPearls, LLC reserves the right to cancel any course due to unforeseen circumstances.

 

 
 

Reviews

Diane P. on 12/6/2021

courtney m. on 8/9/2022

Adriana S. on 9/10/2022

Scott S. on 11/3/2022

James L. on 4/17/2023

Scott S. on 3/25/2024

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