Anaphylaxis
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Anaphylaxis is an acute, life-threatening hypersensitivity disorder, defined as a generalized, rapidly evolving, multi-systemic allergic reaction. Ana ...
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2.25 |
36 |
Activity Info
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Anorexia and Cachexia
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Cachexia is a significant loss of muscle and adipose tissue. It occurs in patients with advanced cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chroni ...
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1 |
7 |
Activity Info
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Anorexia Nervosa
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Anorexia nervosa is defined by the restriction of nutrient intake relative to requirements, which leads to significantly low body weight. Patients wit ...
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1.75 |
23 |
Activity Info
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Behavior Modification
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Behavior modification is a psychotherapeutic intervention primarily used to eliminate or reduce maladaptive behavior in children or adults. While some ...
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2.25 |
35 |
Activity Info
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Biotin
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Biotin is an alternative medication used in the management and treatment of pathological hair conditions. It is in the vitamin class of drugs. This ac ...
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1 |
5 |
Activity Info
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Biotin Deficiency
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Biotin is a B-complex vitamin that serves as an essential coenzyme for five carboxylases: pyruvate carboxylase, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, prop ...
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1 |
6 |
Activity Info
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Body Image Distortion
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Body image is a complex construct. Body image distortion and body dissatisfaction are common in both clinical and nonclinical populations. Distortions ...
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1.25 |
5 |
Activity Info
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Bulimia Nervosa
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Bulimia nervosa is a disorder that is characterized by binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior to control weight with potentially dangero ...
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1.75 |
22 |
Activity Info
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Cachexia
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Cachexia is a complicated metabolic syndrome related to underlying illness and characterized by muscle mass loss with or without fat mass loss that is ...
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1.25 |
11 |
Activity Info
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Caffeine
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Caffeine is a naturally occurring central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class and is the most widely taken psychoactive stimula ...
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1 |
7 |
Activity Info
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Calcium Carbonate
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Calcium carbonate is an inorganic salt primarily used in the management and treatment of low calcium conditions, GERD, CKD, and various other indicate ...
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1 |
7 |
Activity Info
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Carotenemia
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First described in 1919 by Hess and Meyers, carotenemia is the medical terminology describing yellow-orange skin pigmentation due to high carotene lev ...
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1 |
7 |
Activity Info
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Celiac Disease
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Celiac disease, also known as gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is an autoimmune disease of the small intestine. Celiac disease is a condition in which th ...
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1.75 |
24 |
Activity Info
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Cheilitis
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Cheilitis is an inflammation of the lips. It may be acute or chronic, involving the vermilion and/or surrounding skin of one or both lips. It is a fre ...
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1 |
5 |
Activity Info
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Clear Liquid Diet
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A clear liquid diet is a specific dietary plan that only includes liquids that are fully transparent at room temperature. Some items that may be allow ...
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1 |
4 |
Activity Info
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Colon Diverticulitis
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Diverticulitis has increased in incidence over the past few decades and represents a significant healthcare burden in western countries. In the United ...
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1.25 |
12 |
Activity Info
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Constipation
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Functional constipation is a prevalent condition in childhood, about 29.6% worldwide. In the United States, represents 3% to 5% of pediatric visits an ...
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1.5 |
16 |
Activity Info
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Counseling Patients On Bariatric Surgery For Obesity
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Bariatric surgery is an effective intervention for the treatment of patients with obesity. It is major surgery, and therefore appropriate counseling i ...
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1 |
4 |
Activity Info
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Cow Milk Allergy
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Cow's milk allergy is an allergic reaction to the protein found in cow’s milk. Diagnosis can be difficult as it is primarily based on history and phys ...
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1.25 |
10 |
Activity Info
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Crohn Disease
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Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are two conditions commonly referred to as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). They are immunologically m ...
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2 |
30 |
Activity Info
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Cultural Competence in the Care of Muslim Patients and Their Families
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Muslims constitute large portions of populations in many countries, both Muslim-majority and otherwise. Muslims are considered to be the fastest-growi ...
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2 |
24 |
Activity Info
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Cystic Fibrosis
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Until relatively modern times, cystic fibrosis was poorly understood. In 1949, Lowe et al. postulated that cystic fibrosis must be caused by a geneti ...
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3 |
53 |
Activity Info
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Diabetes Mellitus
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease of inadequate control of blood levels of glucose. It has many subclassifications, including type 1, type 2, maturi ...
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2.25 |
31 |
Activity Info
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Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease that leads to the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. Insulin is an essen ...
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1.5 |
16 |
Activity Info
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Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. It may be due to impaired insulin secretion, resista ...
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2.5 |
40 |
Activity Info
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Diabetic Gastroparesis
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Gastroparesis is defined by objective delaying of gastric emptying without any evidence of mechanical obstruction. Diabetic gastroparesis is a potenti ...
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1 |
7 |
Activity Info
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Diet and Nutrition To Prevent Dental Problems
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Dental caries is a dynamic process that involves susceptible tooth surfaces, cariogenic bacteria like Streptococcus mutans or Lactobacillus and a ferm ...
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1 |
6 |
Activity Info
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Dietary Approaches To Obesity Treatment
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Obesity is an emerging epidemic in the modern world, and lifestyle modification remains the first line of therapy for weight management. Dietary inter ...
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1 |
4 |
Activity Info
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Dietary Calcium
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Adequate calcium intake, from either direct food sources or calcium supplements, is essential for nutrition in patients of all ages. This article will ...
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1.25 |
9 |
Activity Info
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Diverticulosis
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Diverticulosis is a clinical condition in which multiple sac-like protrusions (diverticula) develop along the gastrointestinal tract. Though diverticu ...
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1 |
5 |
Activity Info
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Dumping Syndrome
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Dumping syndrome can occur after a variety of gastric procedures and occurs due to the rapid movement of hyperosmolar chyme from the stomach into the ...
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1 |
8 |
Activity Info
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Dyslipidemia
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Dyslipidemia is the imbalance of lipids such as cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, (LDL-C), triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein ...
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1 |
6 |
Activity Info
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Eating Disorders
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Eating disorders disrupt eating behavior with excessive concern about body weight that impairs physical health or psychosocial functioning. To avoid t ...
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1.25 |
10 |
Activity Info
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Egg Allergy
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Egg allergy is IgE-mediated and healthy individuals are capable of generating antigen-specific IgE upon exposure to egg allergens. It is believed tha ...
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1 |
5 |
Activity Info
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Female Athlete Triad
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Female athletes often complain of low energy availability, which is defined as energy from oral nutrition less energy used for exercise. As such, low ...
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1 |
5 |
Activity Info
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Folic Acid
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Folic acid has FDA approval for the treatment of megaloblastic and macrocytic anemias due to folic deficiency. Folic acid is a water-soluble vitamin ...
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1 |
5 |
Activity Info
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Folic Acid Deficiency
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Folate is an essential water-soluble vitamin, naturally present in food, especially in fruits, green leafy vegetables, and liver. Folic acid is the s ...
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1.25 |
8 |
Activity Info
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Gestational Diabetes
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The definition of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. GDM can c ...
|
2 |
29 |
Activity Info
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Glucose Intolerance
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Glucose intolerance (GI) is a metabolic condition that results from hyperglycemia. It can be defined as dysglycemia that includes both prediabetes and ...
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1 |
7 |
Activity Info
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Gluten Associated Medical Problems
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Gluten is a recent topic of significant interest and research. It has become a media darling over the past few years for a variety of medical and non- ...
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1 |
4 |
Activity Info
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Gout
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Gout is one of the most common causes of chronic inflammatory arthritis in the United States, characterized by monosodium urate (MSU) monohydrate crys ...
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1.75 |
18 |
Activity Info
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Hypercholesterolemia
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Lipoprotein disorders are clinically important due to the of the role of lipoproteins in atherogenesis and the associated risk of atherosclerotic card ...
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1.25 |
8 |
Activity Info
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Hyperglycemia
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The term "hyperglycemia" is derived from the Greek hyper (high) + glykys (sweet/sugar) + haima (blood). Hyperglycemia is blood glucose greater than 12 ...
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1 |
6 |
Activity Info
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Hyperlipidemia
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Hyperlipidemia is a term that encompasses various genetic and acquired disorders that describe elevated lipid levels within the body. It is a very com ...
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1.5 |
13 |
Activity Info
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Hypertriglyceridemia
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Hypertriglyceridemia in many cases is multifactorial, resulting from the combination of genetic factors and other causes of increased production and o ...
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1.25 |
8 |
Activity Info
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Hypoglycemia
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Hypoglycemia is often defined by a plasma glucose concentration below 70 mg/dL; however, signs and symptoms may not occur until plasma glucose concent ...
|
2 |
30 |
Activity Info
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Infant Nutrition Requirements and Options
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Infancy is a period of rapid growth second only to the fetal period, with a pressing need to optimize nutrition to ensure adequate growth and organ de ...
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1.75 |
19 |
Activity Info
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract and is divided into Crohn disease and ulcerative coli ...
|
1.5 |
15 |
Activity Info
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Insulin Resistance
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Insulin resistance is identified as an impaired biologic response to insulin stimulation of target tissues, primarily the liver, muscle, and adipose t ...
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1.25 |
10 |
Activity Info
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Iron Deficiency Anemia
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Iron deficiency anemia is the most common cause of anemia worldwide, which results in microcytic and hypochromic red cells on the peripheral smear. Th ...
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1.5 |
16 |
Activity Info
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most commonly diagnosed gastrointestinal diseases. IBS, in the absence of any other causative disease, is ...
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1 |
7 |
Activity Info
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Ketoacidosis
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Ketoacidosis is a metabolic state associated with pathologically high serum and urine concentrations of ketone bodies. Clinically relevant forms of ke ...
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1.25 |
10 |
Activity Info
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Ketogenic Diet
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Despite continuous advances in the medical world, obesity continues to remain a major worldwide health hazard with adult mortality as high as 2.8 mill ...
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1 |
4 |
Activity Info
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Kwashiorkor
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Kwashiorkor is a disease marked by severe protein malnutrition and bilateral extremity swelling. It usually affects infants and children, most often a ...
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1.25 |
9 |
Activity Info
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Lactose Intolerance
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Lactose intolerance is a clinical syndrome that manifests with characteristic signs and symptoms upon consuming food substances containing lactose, a ...
|
1.5 |
14 |
Activity Info
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Low Carbohydrate Diet
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Low carbohydrate (low-carb) diets are a strategy for weight loss. Today, there continues to be an interest in low-carb approaches. While all low carbo ...
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1 |
7 |
Activity Info
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Malabsorption Syndromes
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This activity is a brief overview of malabsorption symptoms as they pertain to fat, carbohydrate, protein, vitamin, mineral, and trace elements digest ...
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1.25 |
8 |
Activity Info
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Marasmus
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Marasmus is a manifestation of severe dietary malnutrition which occurs as a result of a calorie deficiency. Marasmus is associated with a better prog ...
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1.25 |
8 |
Activity Info
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Metabolic Syndrome
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Metabolic syndrome is an accumulation of several disorders, which together raise the risk of an individual developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular d ...
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1.25 |
9 |
Activity Info
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Metformin
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Metformin, FDA-approved in 1994, is an antidiabetic agent used in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin comes in both immediate-release and extended-rel ...
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1.25 |
10 |
Activity Info
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Nasal Septal Fracture
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The nasal bones and nasal septum are the most commonly fractured bones in the facial skeleton. These injuries can affect not only the cosmetic appeara ...
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1 |
5 |
Activity Info
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Niacin
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The uses of niacin are yet to be fully comprehended and embraced. This activity assists in improving knowledge of the benefits niacin has to offer, no ...
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1 |
6 |
Activity Info
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Niacin Deficiency
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Niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency results in a condition known as pellagra. Pellagra includes the triad of dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea and can res ...
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1 |
4 |
Activity Info
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Nicotinic Acid Deficiency
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Dietary deficiency of niacin results in pellagra. It is characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and eventually death if not treated by giving ...
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1.25 |
10 |
Activity Info
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Obesity
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Obesity is the excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat or adipose tissue in the body that may impair health. Obesity has become an epidemic which ha ...
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1.75 |
20 |
Activity Info
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Obesity and Comorbid Conditions
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Obesity is described as an unhealthy, excessive accumulation of body fat. It is a significant public health problem affecting almost every country in ...
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1 |
5 |
Activity Info
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Obesity Effects On Child Health
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Obesity in childhood is the most challenging public health issue in the twenty-first century. Childhood obesity is associated with increased morbidit ...
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1 |
4 |
Activity Info
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Obesity In Pregnancy
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Obesity in women is such a common problem that its effects on pregnancy are often overlooked. Maternal obesity has both short and long-term consequenc ...
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1.25 |
8 |
Activity Info
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids
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Omega-3 fatty acids are a medication used to manage and treat hyperlipidemia, and it is in the antilipemic class of drugs. This activity outlines the ...
|
1.25 |
7 |
Activity Info
|
Paleolithic Diet
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A Paleolithic diet is the modern interpretation of the diet that humans ate during the Paleolithic or “Old Stone Age” era. This period, about 2.5 mill ...
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1 |
6 |
Activity Info
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Pancreatic Insufficiency
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The pancreas has an essential role in the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Damage to the cells producing pa ...
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1 |
6 |
Activity Info
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Pancrelipase
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Pancrelipase refers to a class of medications designed to treat malabsorption and abdominal pain secondary to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. These ...
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1 |
5 |
Activity Info
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Pharmacologic Therapy For Obesity
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Obesity is a metabolic disease represented by excessive adipose tissue. Its classification is based on the body mass index (BMI), which is a relations ...
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1.25 |
8 |
Activity Info
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Prediabetes
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Prediabetes is a precursor before the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Adults with prediabetes often may show no signs or symptoms of diabetes but will ...
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1 |
5 |
Activity Info
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Riboflavin Deficiency
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Riboflavin, vitamin B2, is a heat-stable, water-soluble vitamin that the body uses to metabolize carbohydrates, fats, and protein into glucose for ene ...
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1 |
6 |
Activity Info
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Selenium Deficiency
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Selenium is a trace mineral that is essential to human health. Selenium, in the form of selenoproteins, carries out various functions in normal health ...
|
1 |
4 |
Activity Info
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Short Bowel Syndrome
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Short bowel syndrome (SBS) in adults is defined as less than 180 to 200 centimeters of remaining small bowel (normal length 275 to 850 cm) leading to ...
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1 |
4 |
Activity Info
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Topiramate And Phentermine
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Phentermine and extended-release (ER) topiramate have been used separately in various ways. Phentermine was first introduced in 1959 as part of an ant ...
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1.25 |
8 |
Activity Info
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Total Parenteral Nutrition
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Total parenteral nutrition is a medication used to manage and treat malnourishment. It is in the nutrition class of drugs. Total parenteral nutrition ...
|
2 |
28 |
Activity Info
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Vitamin A
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Vitamin A is a general term encompassing various fat-soluble substances such as retinol, retinyl palmitate, and beta-carotene. Its various metabolites ...
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1.25 |
10 |
Activity Info
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Vitamin A Deficiency
|
Vitamin A is a lipid-soluble compound with several biologic actions to aid in vision and cellular differentiation. The prevalence of vitamin A deficie ...
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1.5 |
17 |
Activity Info
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Vitamin A Toxicity
|
Vitamin A toxicity can due to either topical or oral vitamin A administration. Oral vitamin A toxicity can be acute, due to the ingestion of a large a ...
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1 |
4 |
Activity Info
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Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
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Vitamin B1 is one of the eight B vitamins, also known as thiamin (thiamine). Because thiamin can only be stored in the body for a short time before it ...
|
1 |
7 |
Activity Info
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Vitamin B1 Thiamine Deficiency
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Thiamine, or vitamin B1, was the first vitamin to be identified. It functions as a catalyst in the generation of energy through decarboxylation of bra ...
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1.25 |
10 |
Activity Info
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Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
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Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential vitamin and medication used to manage and treat pernicious anemia, ileal resection, treatment of spinal cord m ...
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1.5 |
16 |
Activity Info
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Vitamin B12 Deficiency
|
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that is derived from animal products such as red meat, dairy, and eggs. Intrinsic fac ...
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1.75 |
25 |
Activity Info
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Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
|
Riboflavin is a medication used in the management and treatment of deficiency of vitamin B2. It is part of the B complex group of vitamins. This activ ...
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1 |
7 |
Activity Info
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Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
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Pyridoxine is a vitamin and a medication used to treat vitamin B6 deficiency and the management of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. It is also us ...
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1 |
7 |
Activity Info
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Vitamin B6 Toxicity
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This activity describes the toxicity associated with vitamin B6 at higher doses. It explains in detail the pathophysiology and toxicokinetics of vitam ...
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1 |
5 |
Activity Info
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Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
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Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, antioxidant, and essential co-factor for collagen biosynthesis, carnitine and catecholamine metabolism, and diet ...
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1.25 |
9 |
Activity Info
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Vitamin C Deficiency
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Vitamin C deficiency, also known as scurvy, is a disease primarily associated with socioeconomic status and access to food. Signs and symptoms are oft ...
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1.5 |
16 |
Activity Info
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Vitamin D
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Vitamin D is labeled as the "sunshine vitamin," as it is produced in the skin on sun exposure. Vitamin D is required to maintain serum calcium concent ...
|
1.25 |
8 |
Activity Info
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Vitamin D Deficiency
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Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin used by the body for normal bone development and maintenance by increasing the absorption of calcium, magnesium, an ...
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1.5 |
14 |
Activity Info
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Vitamin D Toxicity
|
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is found in some animal food products and is also synthesized in the human body via exposure to the sun. Toxic ...
|
1 |
4 |
Activity Info
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Vitamin E
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Vitamin E or tocopherol is a fat-soluble vitamin that functions as an antioxidant, protecting the cell membrane. As with all vitamins, the body does n ...
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1 |
6 |
Activity Info
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Vitamin K Deficiency
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Vitamin K refers to a group of fat-soluble compounds involved in coagulation, bone development, and cardiovascular health. Vitamin K deficiency can co ...
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1.25 |
13 |
Activity Info
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Wheat Allergy
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The wheat allergy is either IgE-mediated or non-IgE-mediated allergic reaction to wheat proteins. The result can be life-threatening and can lead to a ...
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1 |
4 |
Activity Info
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Zinc
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Zinc is a medication used in the management and treatment of diarrhea. It is in the mineral and supplemental class of drugs. This activity outlines th ...
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1.25 |
12 |
Activity Info
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Zinc Deficiency
|
Zinc deficiency is common worldwide but is seen with greater frequency in developing countries. Zinc deficiency can be inherited or acquired and typic ...
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1.25 |
8 |
Activity Info
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