Ace The Nephrology Nurse Certification Exam

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) refers to an array of neurological manifestations that are seen during or following dialysis, primarily afte ...

A hypertensive emergency is an acute, marked elevation in blood pressure that is associated with signs of target-organ damage. These can include pu ...

Potassium is an essential mineral constituent of the human body and is the chief cation found within the intracellular fluid of all cells. Multiple ...

Iodine contrast medium is essential in invasive and interventional cardiac procedures. Because of an increasing number of coronary angiography and ...

Phosphate is an essential electrolyte in the human body as it constitutes about 1% of the total body weight. In an adult, the normal serum phosphat ...

Calcium is the most abundant cation found in the human body and plays an integral role in neural transmission, enzyme activity, myocardial function ...

Medical imaging has benefitted from a boom in innovation in the past 50 years, which has allowed for rapid development in the field of intervention ...

Perinephric abscess results from perirenal fat necrosis. A perinephric abscess is usually a complication of urologic infection. Most perirenal absc ...

Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) is a group of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases that involves the interstitium and tubules. Inflammation of ...

Over 150 million people worldwide are affected by erectile dysfunction. Alprostadil is an approved second-line treatment for erectile dysfunct ...

The measurement of accurate renal function is vital for the routine care of patients. Determining the ...

Calcinosis cutis is a condition in which calcium salts are deposited in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. It is classified into five main types: dy ...

Hyperkalemia is defined as a serum or plasma potassium level above the upper limits of normal, usually greater than 5.0 mEq/L to 5.5 mEq/ ...

Epoetin alfa is 165 amino acid glycoprotein manufactured by recombinant DNA technology, which has similar biological effects as endogenous ery ...

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a rapidly evolving virus that has been associated with renal disease since the early days of the HIV epid ...

Kidney transplantation is often the preferred treatment for those with end-stage renal disease. The ...

Creatine phosphokinase (CPK), also known by the name creatine kinase (CK), is the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of creatine and adenosine trip ...

The nephritic syndrome is a clinical syndrome that presents as hematuria, elevated blood pressure, decreased urine output, and edema. The major und ...