[1]
Mohammad D,Dhandapani S, Trigonocephaly: A simple modified technique. Journal of pediatric neurosciences. 2014 May;
[PubMed PMID: 25250065]
[2]
van der Meulen J, Metopic synostosis. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2012 Sep;
[PubMed PMID: 22872249]
[3]
Dempsey RF,Monson LA,Maricevich RS,Truong TA,Olarunnipa S,Lam SK,Dauser RC,Hollier LH Jr,Buchanan EP, Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis. Clinics in plastic surgery. 2019 Apr
[PubMed PMID: 30851746]
[4]
Blessing M,Gallagher ER, Epidemiology, Genetics, and Pathophysiology of Craniosynostosis. Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America. 2022 Aug
[PubMed PMID: 35787827]
[5]
Cho MJ,Kane AA,Seaward JR,Hallac RR, Metopic "ridge" vs. "craniosynostosis": Quantifying severity with 3D curvature analysis. Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. 2016 Sep
[PubMed PMID: 27449480]
[6]
Birgfeld CB,Heike CL,Al-Mufarrej F,Oppenheimer A,Kamps SE,Adidharma W,Siebold B, Practical Computed Tomography Scan Findings for Distinguishing Metopic Craniosynostosis from Metopic Ridging. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open. 2019 Mar;
[PubMed PMID: 31044100]
[7]
Hayward R,Jones B,Evans R, Functional outcome after surgery for trigonocephaly. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 1999 Aug
[PubMed PMID: 10654710]
[9]
Weinzweig J,Kirschner RE,Farley A,Reiss P,Hunter J,Whitaker LA,Bartlett SP, Metopic synostosis: Defining the temporal sequence of normal suture fusion and differentiating it from synostosis on the basis of computed tomography images. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 2003 Oct;
[PubMed PMID: 14504503]
[10]
Teager SJ,Constantine S,Lottering N,Anderson PJ, Physiologic closure time of the metopic suture in South Australian infants from 3D CT scans. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2019 Feb
[PubMed PMID: 30218142]
[11]
Jaskolka MS, Current Controversies in Metopic Suture Craniosynostosis. Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America. 2017 Nov
[PubMed PMID: 28987228]
[12]
Higginbottom MC,Jones KL,James HE, Intrauterine constraint and craniosynostosis. Neurosurgery. 1980 Jan;
[PubMed PMID: 7354899]
[13]
Mocquard C,Aillet S,Riffaud L, Recent advances in trigonocephaly. Neuro-Chirurgie. 2019 Nov;
[PubMed PMID: 31568780]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[14]
Shimoji T,Kimura T,Shimoji K,Miyajima M, The metopic-sagittal craniosynostosis-report of 35 operative cases. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2017 Aug
[PubMed PMID: 28470385]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[15]
Shlobin NA,Baticulon RE,Ortega CA,Du L,Bonfield CM,Wray A,Forrest CR,Dewan MC, Global Epidemiology of Craniosynostosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World neurosurgery. 2022 Aug
[PubMed PMID: 35636659]
Level 1 (high-level) evidence
[16]
Yang JF,Brooks ED,Hashim PW,Reuman HS,Travieso R,Terner J,Mayes LC,Steinbacher DM,Persing JA,McPartland JC, The Severity of Deformity in Metopic Craniosynostosis Is Correlated with the Degree of Neurologic Dysfunction. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 2017 Feb;
[PubMed PMID: 28121881]
[17]
van der Meulen J,van der Hulst R,van Adrichem L,Arnaud E,Chin-Shong D,Duncan C,Habets E,Hinojosa J,Mathijssen I,May P,Morritt D,Nishikawa H,Noons P,Richardson D,Wall S,van der Vlugt J,Renier D, The increase of metopic synostosis: a pan-European observation. The Journal of craniofacial surgery. 2009 Mar;
[PubMed PMID: 19326483]
[18]
Selber J,Reid RR,Chike-Obi CJ,Sutton LN,Zackai EH,McDonald-McGinn D,Sonnad SS,Whitaker LA,Bartlett SP, The changing epidemiologic spectrum of single-suture synostoses. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 2008 Aug;
[PubMed PMID: 18626371]
[19]
Fearon JA,Singh DJ,Beals SP,Yu JC, The diagnosis and treatment of single-sutural synostoses: are computed tomographic scans necessary? Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 2007 Oct;
[PubMed PMID: 17898608]
[20]
Cornelissen M,Ottelander Bd,Rizopoulos D,van der Hulst R,Mink van der Molen A,van der Horst C,Delye H,van Veelen ML,Bonsel G,Mathijssen I, Increase of prevalence of craniosynostosis. Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. 2016 Sep;
[PubMed PMID: 27499511]
[21]
Schraw JM,Woodhouse JP,Langlois PH,Canfield MA,Scheuerle AE,Agopian AJ,Benjamin RH,Lupo PJ, Risk factors and time trends for isolated craniosynostosis. Birth defects research. 2020 Oct 22;
[PubMed PMID: 33091229]
[22]
Bennett KG,Bickham RS,Robinson AB,Buchman SR,Vercler CJ, Metopic Craniosynostosis: A Demographic Analysis Outside an Urban Environment. The Journal of craniofacial surgery. 2016 May;
[PubMed PMID: 27159853]
[24]
Wójcicki P,Prudel B, Trigonocephaly: Long-term results after surgical correction of metopic suture synostosis. Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University. 2019 May;
[PubMed PMID: 30712337]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[26]
Timberlake AT,Persing JA, Genetics of Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 2018 Jun;
[PubMed PMID: 29579021]
[27]
Sacks GN,Skolnick GB,Trachtenberg A,Naidoo SD,Lopez J,Oh AK,Chao JW,Dorafshar A,Vercler CJ,Buchman SR,Patel K, The Impact of Ethnicity on Craniosynostosis in the United States. The Journal of craniofacial surgery. 2019 Nov-Dec;
[PubMed PMID: 31609944]
[28]
Anderson FM, Treatment of coronal and metopic synostosis: 107 cases. Neurosurgery. 1981 Feb;
[PubMed PMID: 7207779]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[30]
Armand T,Schaefer E,Di Rocco F,Edery P,Collet C,Rossi M, Genetic bases of craniosynostoses: An update. Neuro-Chirurgie. 2019 Nov;
[PubMed PMID: 31605683]
[31]
Timberlake AT,Choi J,Zaidi S,Lu Q,Nelson-Williams C,Brooks ED,Bilguvar K,Tikhonova I,Mane S,Yang JF,Sawh-Martinez R,Persing S,Zellner EG,Loring E,Chuang C,Galm A,Hashim PW,Steinbacher DM,DiLuna ML,Duncan CC,Pelphrey KA,Zhao H,Persing JA,Lifton RP, Two locus inheritance of non-syndromic midline craniosynostosis via rare {i}SMAD6{/i} and common {i}BMP2{/i} alleles. eLife. 2016 Sep 8;
[PubMed PMID: 27606499]
[32]
Jehee FS,Johnson D,Alonso LG,Cavalcanti DP,de Sá Moreira E,Alberto FL,Kok F,Kim C,Wall SA,Jabs EW,Boyadjiev SA,Wilkie AO,Passos-Bueno MR, Molecular screening for microdeletions at 9p22-p24 and 11q23-q24 in a large cohort of patients with trigonocephaly. Clinical genetics. 2005 Jun;
[PubMed PMID: 15857417]
[33]
Azimi C,Kennedy SJ,Chitayat D,Chakraborty P,Clarke JT,Forrest C,Teebi AS, Clinical and genetic aspects of trigonocephaly: a study of 25 cases. American journal of medical genetics. Part A. 2003 Mar 1;
[PubMed PMID: 12567409]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[34]
Dhellemmes P,Pellerin P,Lejeune JP,Lepoutre F, Surgical treatment of trigonocephaly. Experience with 30 cases. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 1986;
[PubMed PMID: 3791279]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[35]
DiRocco C,Caldarelli M,Ceddia A,Iannelli A,Velardi F, [Craniostenosis. Analysis of 161 cases surgically treated during the first year of life]. Minerva pediatrica. 1989 Aug;
[PubMed PMID: 2601658]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[36]
Tamburrini G,Caldarelli M,Massimi L,Santini P,Di Rocco C, Intracranial pressure monitoring in children with single suture and complex craniosynostosis: a review. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2005 Oct;
[PubMed PMID: 15871027]
[37]
Natghian H,Song M,Jayamohan J,Johnson D,Magdum S,Richards P,Wall S, Long-Term Results in Isolated Metopic Synostosis: The Oxford Experience over 22 Years. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 2018 Oct;
[PubMed PMID: 30020237]
[38]
Cohen SR,Persing JA, Intracranial pressure in single-suture craniosynostosis. The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. 1998 May;
[PubMed PMID: 9603551]
[39]
Renier D,Sainte-Rose C,Marchac D,Hirsch JF, Intracranial pressure in craniostenosis. Journal of neurosurgery. 1982 Sep;
[PubMed PMID: 7097333]
[40]
Thompson DN,Harkness W,Jones B,Gonsalez S,Andar U,Hayward R, Subdural intracranial pressure monitoring in craniosynostosis: its role in surgical management. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 1995 May;
[PubMed PMID: 7648567]
[41]
Thompson DN,Malcolm GP,Jones BM,Harkness WJ,Hayward RD, Intracranial pressure in single-suture craniosynostosis. Pediatric neurosurgery. 1995;
[PubMed PMID: 7547454]
[42]
Shimoji T,Tomiyama N, Mild trigonocephaly and intracranial pressure: report of 56 patients. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2004 Oct;
[PubMed PMID: 15185114]
[43]
Posnick JC,Lin KY,Chen P,Armstrong D, Metopic synostosis: quantitative assessment of presenting deformity and surgical results based on CT scans. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 1994 Jan;
[PubMed PMID: 8278471]
[44]
Kolar JC,Salter EM, Preoperative anthropometric dysmorphology in metopic synostosis. American journal of physical anthropology. 1997 Jul;
[PubMed PMID: 9261497]
[45]
Hubli EH,Roberts RA, Correction of metopic synostosis utilizing an in situ bandeau approach. Seminars in plastic surgery. 2014 Aug;
[PubMed PMID: 25210504]
[46]
Oi S,Matsumoto S, Trigonocephaly (metopic synostosis). Clinical, surgical and anatomical concepts. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 1987;
[PubMed PMID: 3427566]
[47]
Tuite GF,Chong WK,Evanson J,Narita A,Taylor D,Harkness WF,Jones BM,Hayward RD, The effectiveness of papilledema as an indicator of raised intracranial pressure in children with craniosynostosis. Neurosurgery. 1996 Feb;
[PubMed PMID: 8869054]
[48]
Cornelissen MJ,Apon I,van der Meulen JJNM,Groenenberg IAL,Kraan-van der Est MN,Mathijssen IMJ,Bonsel GJ,Cohen-Overbeek TE, Prenatal ultrasound parameters in single-suture craniosynostosis. The journal of maternal-fetal
[PubMed PMID: 28553772]
[49]
Miller C,Losken HW,Towbin R,Bowen A,Mooney MP,Towbin A,Faix RS, Ultrasound diagnosis of craniosynostosis. The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. 2002 Jan;
[PubMed PMID: 11772173]
[50]
Constantine S,Kiermeier A,Anderson P, The Normal Fetal Cephalic Index in the Second and Third Trimesters of Pregnancy. Ultrasound quarterly. 2020 Sep;
[PubMed PMID: 32898393]
[51]
Proisy M,Bruneau B,Riffaud L, How ultrasonography can contribute to diagnosis of craniosynostosis. Neuro-Chirurgie. 2019 Nov;
[PubMed PMID: 31586456]
[52]
Okamoto T,Nuri T,Harada A,Kyutoku S,Ueda K, Cranial Suture Measurement by 2-point Method in Ultrasound Screening of Craniosynostosis. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open. 2019 May;
[PubMed PMID: 31333954]
[53]
Pogliani L,Zuccotti GV,Furlanetto M,Giudici V,Erbetta A,Chiapparini L,Valentini L, Cranial ultrasound is a reliable first step imaging in children with suspected craniosynostosis. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2017 Sep;
[PubMed PMID: 28578511]
[54]
Proisy M,Riffaud L,Chouklati K,Tréguier C,Bruneau B, Ultrasonography for the diagnosis of craniosynostosis. European journal of radiology. 2017 May;
[PubMed PMID: 28583642]
[55]
Hall KM,Besachio DA,Moore MD,Mora AJ,Carter WR, Effectiveness of screening for craniosynostosis with ultrasound: a retrospective review. Pediatric radiology. 2017 May;
[PubMed PMID: 28213626]
Level 2 (mid-level) evidence
[56]
Birgfeld CB,Saltzman BS,Hing AV,Heike CL,Khanna PC,Gruss JS,Hopper RA, Making the diagnosis: metopic ridge versus metopic craniosynostosis. The Journal of craniofacial surgery. 2013 Jan
[PubMed PMID: 23348281]
[57]
Jimenez DF,McGinity MJ,Barone CM, Endoscopy-assisted early correction of single-suture metopic craniosynostosis: a 19-year experience. Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics. 2018 Sep 28;
[PubMed PMID: 30265229]
[58]
Jimenez DF,Barone CM, Early treatment of anterior calvarial craniosynostosis using endoscopic-assisted minimally invasive techniques. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2007 Dec;
[PubMed PMID: 17899128]
[59]
Gomar-Alba M,Rivero-Garvia M,Márquez-Rivas J, Letter to the editor regarding:
[PubMed PMID: 33053405]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[60]
Lajthia O,Rogers GF,Tsering D,Keating RF,Magge SN, Quantitative outcomes of endoscopic strip craniectomy for metopic craniosynostosis in children with severe trigonocephaly. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2020 Aug 19;
[PubMed PMID: 32812117]
[61]
Braun TL,Eisemann BS,Olorunnipa O,Buchanan EP,Monson LA, Safety Outcomes in Endoscopic Versus Open Repair of Metopic Craniosynostosis. The Journal of craniofacial surgery. 2018 Jun;
[PubMed PMID: 29461368]
[63]
Fearon JA,Ditthakasem K,Chan WNJ,Herbert M, Long-Term Growth following Trigonocephaly Repairs: Are Overcorrections Necessary? Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 2020 Mar;
[PubMed PMID: 32097321]
[64]
Escher PJ,Tu AD,Kearney SL,Linabery AM,Petronio JA,Kebriaei MA,Chinnadurai S,Tibesar RJ, A protocol of situation-dependent transfusion, erythropoietin and tranexamic acid reduces transfusion in fronto-orbital advancement for metopic and coronal craniosynostosis. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2020 May 9;
[PubMed PMID: 32388812]
[65]
Magoon K,Azzolini A,Yang R,Taylor J, In Situ Hinge Technique for the Frontal Bandeau for the Correction of Metopic Craniosynostosis Reduces Operative Time. The Journal of craniofacial surgery. 2019 Sep;
[PubMed PMID: 30896507]
[66]
Pellerin P,Vinchon M,Dhellemmes P,Wolber A,Guerreschi P, Trigonocephaly: Lille's surgical technique. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2013 Dec
[PubMed PMID: 23900629]
[67]
di Rocco F, Gleizal A, Lohkamp L, Szathmari A, Paulus C, Mottolese C. Control of metopic emissary veins in trigonocephaly surgery. Technical note. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2018 Dec:34(12):2481-2484. doi: 10.1007/s00381-018-3928-1. Epub 2018 Jul 27
[PubMed PMID: 30054806]
[68]
Bennett KG,Liang F,Ranganathan K,Muraszko KM,Vercler CJ,Buchman SR, Surgical Hypercorrection of Trigonocephaly: Evaluation of Surgical Outcomes. The Journal of craniofacial surgery. 2018 Jan
[PubMed PMID: 29068967]
[69]
Mathijssen IM, Guideline for Care of Patients With the Diagnoses of Craniosynostosis: Working Group on Craniosynostosis. The Journal of craniofacial surgery. 2015 Sep;
[PubMed PMID: 26355968]
[70]
Huang MH,Mouradian WE,Cohen SR,Gruss JS, The differential diagnosis of abnormal head shapes: separating craniosynostosis from positional deformities and normal variants. The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. 1998 May;
[PubMed PMID: 9603553]
[71]
Di Rocco F,Rothenbuhler A,Cormier Daire V,Bacchetta J,Adamsbaum C,Baujat G,Rossi M,Lingart A, Craniosynostosis and metabolic bone disorder. A review. Neuro-Chirurgie. 2019 Nov;
[PubMed PMID: 31562881]
[72]
Pressler MP,Hallac RR,Geisler EL,Seaward JR,Kane AA, Comparison of Head Shape Outcomes in Metopic Synostosis Using Limited Strip Craniectomy and Open Vault Reconstruction Techniques. The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. 2020 Nov 6;
[PubMed PMID: 33153285]
[73]
Gabrick KS,Wu RT,Singh A,Persing JA,Alperovich M, Radiographic Severity of Metopic Craniosynostosis Correlates with Long-Term Neurocognitive Outcomes. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 2020 May;
[PubMed PMID: 32332546]
[74]
Osborn AJ,Roberts RM,Mathias JL,Anderson PJ,Flapper WJ, Cognitive, behavioral and psychological functioning of children and adults with conservatively managed metopic synostosis. Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence. 2020 Sep 8;
[PubMed PMID: 32900282]
[75]
Osborn AJ,Roberts RM,Mathias JL,Anderson PJ,Flapper WJ, Cognitive, behavioral and psychological functioning in children with metopic synostosis: a meta-analysis examining the impact of surgical status. Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence. 2019 Feb;
[PubMed PMID: 29482450]
Level 1 (high-level) evidence
[76]
Wes AM,Paliga JT,Goldstein JA,Whitaker LA,Bartlett SP,Taylor JA, An evaluation of complications, revisions, and long-term aesthetic outcomes in nonsyndromic metopic craniosynostosis. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 2014 Jun;
[PubMed PMID: 24867728]
[77]
Campbell JW,Albright AL,Losken HW,Biglan AW, Intracranial hypertension after cranial vault decompression for craniosynostosis. Pediatric neurosurgery. 1995;
[PubMed PMID: 7547460]
[78]
Pollack IF,Losken HW,Biglan AW, Incidence of increased intracranial pressure after early surgical treatment of syndromic craniosynostosis. Pediatric neurosurgery. 1996;
[PubMed PMID: 8873162]
[79]
Castro-Govea Y,Vela-Martinez A,Treviño-Garcia LA, Volumetric lipoinjection of the fronto-orbital and temporal complex with adipose stem cells for the aesthetic restoration of sequelae of craniosynostosis. Archives of plastic surgery. 2018 Mar;
[PubMed PMID: 29566469]
[80]
Queiros C,Joly A,Paré A,Listrat A,Travers N,Goga D,Laure B, Use of cutting guides during craniosynostosis sequelae surgery: A comparative study between computer-assisted planning and post-operative results. Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. 2017 Jul
[PubMed PMID: 28434829]
Level 2 (mid-level) evidence
[81]
Kampf S,Micko A,Schwartz E,Schopper C,Reinprecht A, Clinical and aesthetic outcome analysis of a case series of trigonocephaly patients after early fronto-orbital advancement. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 2020 Sep;
[PubMed PMID: 32171618]
Level 2 (mid-level) evidence
[82]
Yee ST,Fearon JA,Gosain AK,Timbang MR,Papay FA,Doumit G, Classification and Management of Metopic Craniosynostosis. The Journal of craniofacial surgery. 2015 Sep;
[PubMed PMID: 26267575]